Northern England (English Wikipedia)

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Schofield, Jonathan (3 October 2017). "Manchester: Migrant city". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Northern children "too often left behind", says commissioner BBC
Lane, Megan (9 March 2011). "What is the UK's national vegetable?". Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
"BBC Style Genius: Casuals". BBC. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
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Burnell, Paul (18 January 2014). "How Greater Manchester's eruv has changed life for Jews". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Pool, Robert (2014). "Last Day Glasgow Tram Tickets". BBC. Retrieved 7 March 2017.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Bronze Age boat "oldest in Europe"". BBC News. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
"Housing crisis in northern England". BBC News. 18 July 2002. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
"Potting shed birth of oldest team". BBC. 24 October 2007. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2008.
Eykyn, Alastair (4 May 2011). "BBC Sport – Rugby union in the north of England is dying". BBC News. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
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bbc.com

Coughlan, Sean (8 July 2011). "North-south divide in university admissions". BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
"North of England "a black hole" for hen harriers". BBC News. 15 July 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
"Closure of Kellingley pit brings deep coal mining to an end". BBC News. 18 December 2015. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
Hudson, Alex (10 March 2011). "Are call centres the factories of the 21st Century?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
Allen, Liam (30 August 2011). "The shameless success of northern TV drama". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
"North's "national daily" newspaper 24 closes after six weeks". BBC News. 28 July 2016. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
"Labour leader calls for unity at Durham Miners' Gala". BBC News. 9 July 2016. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"Is JB Priestley to blame for grim up north stereotype?". BBC News. 26 November 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
"Rugby League tables". BBC Sport. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
"Rugby Union tables". BBC Sport. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
Newsum, Matt (19 September 2013). "Durham win County Championship title with victory over Notts". BBC Sport. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

bbcgoodfood.com

Wilson, Carol. "A Northern Bonfire Night treat". BBC Good Food. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017.

bcw-project.org

"The Second Bishops' War, 1640". BCW. 24 November 2010. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
"Civil War in Northern England". BCW. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2017.

bgs.ac.uk

earthwise.bgs.ac.uk

Stone, P.; Millward, D.; Young, B.; Merritt, J. W.; Clarke, S. M.; McCormac, M.; Lawrence, D. J. D. (2010). "British regional geology: Northern England". British Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017.

bl.uk

"The TRAP~BATH Split". The British Library. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

socialwelfare.bl.uk

Ward, Michael. "Public services north: time for a new deal?" (PDF). Smith Institute. pp. 6, 49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2017.

books.google.com

Wales 2006, pp. 13–14. Wales, Katie (2006). Northern English: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-48707-1.
Russell 2004, pp. 15–16. Russell, Dave (2004). Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5178-4.
Maconie 2007, p. 31. Maconie, Stuart (2007). Pies and Prejudice: In Search of the North. Ebury Press. ISBN 978-0-09-191022-8.
Maconie 2007, p. 35. Maconie, Stuart (2007). Pies and Prejudice: In Search of the North. Ebury Press. ISBN 978-0-09-191022-8.
Wales 2006, p. 12. Wales, Katie (2006). Northern English: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-48707-1.
Russell 2004, pp. 18–19. Russell, Dave (2004). Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5178-4.
A Nature Conservation Review. Derek Ratcliffe. 26 January 2012. ISBN 9780521203296. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
Wales 2006, pp. 43–45, 55–59. Wales, Katie (2006). Northern English: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-48707-1.
Hickey 2015, p. 1. Hickey, Raymond (2015). Researching Northern English. John Benjamins. ISBN 978-90-272-6767-2.
Hickey 2015, pp. 11–12. Hickey, Raymond (2015). Researching Northern English. John Benjamins. ISBN 978-90-272-6767-2.
Hickey 2015, pp. 12–13. Hickey, Raymond (2015). Researching Northern English. John Benjamins. ISBN 978-90-272-6767-2.
Hickey 2015, pp. 85–86. Hickey, Raymond (2015). Researching Northern English. John Benjamins. ISBN 978-90-272-6767-2.
Hickey 2015, pp. 83–85. Hickey, Raymond (2015). Researching Northern English. John Benjamins. ISBN 978-90-272-6767-2.
Hickey 2015, pp. 459–469. Hickey, Raymond (2015). Researching Northern English. John Benjamins. ISBN 978-90-272-6767-2.
Pettit & White 2012, pp. 489, 497. Pettit, Paul; White, Mark (2012). The British Palaeolithic: Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-67455-3.
Pettit & White 2012, pp. 480–481. Pettit, Paul; White, Mark (2012). The British Palaeolithic: Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-67455-3.
Jewell 1994, pp. 86–88. Jewell, Helen (1994). The North-south Divide: The Origins of Northern Consciousness in England. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3804-4.
Jewell 1994, pp. 177–178. Jewell, Helen (1994). The North-south Divide: The Origins of Northern Consciousness in England. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3804-4.
Russell 2004, p. 65. Russell, Dave (2004). Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5178-4.
Maconie 2007, p. 227. Maconie, Stuart (2007). Pies and Prejudice: In Search of the North. Ebury Press. ISBN 978-0-09-191022-8.
Russell 2004, p. 115. Russell, Dave (2004). Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5178-4.
Ehland 2007, pp. 239–240. Ehland, Christoph (2007). Thinking Northern: Textures of Identity in the North of England. Editions Rodopi BV. ISBN 978-90-420-2281-2.
Ehland 2007, pp. 65–68. Ehland, Christoph (2007). Thinking Northern: Textures of Identity in the North of England. Editions Rodopi BV. ISBN 978-90-420-2281-2.
Russell 2004, pp. 87–88. Russell, Dave (2004). Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5178-4.
Ehland 2007, p. 111. Ehland, Christoph (2007). Thinking Northern: Textures of Identity in the North of England. Editions Rodopi BV. ISBN 978-90-420-2281-2.
Russell 2004, p. 4. Russell, Dave (2004). Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5178-4.
Russell 2004, p. 39. Russell, Dave (2004). Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5178-4.
Holder 2005, p. 49. Holder, Judith (2005). It's Not Grim Up North. BBC Books. ISBN 978-0-563-52281-2.
Palgrave, Francis (1831). History of England. Harvard University.
Dobson 1996, p. 3. Dobson, R. B. (1996). Church and Society in the Medieval North of England. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85285-120-0.

brin.ac.uk

"Number of Registered Places of Worship (England and Wales), 1999–2009". British Religion in Numbers. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Naqshbandi, Mehmood. "UK Mosque/Masjid Directory". Muslims in Britain. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2017. The exact count is 591, but Naqshbandi estimates that around 20% of mosques in his list are defunct. "Number of Registered Places of Worship (England and Wales), 1999–2009". British Religion in Numbers. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2017.

british-history.ac.uk

archive.british-history.ac.uk

"Publications catalogue | British History Online". archive.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 July 2024. Sources relating to the historic counties of Cheshire, Cumberland, Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire.

britishcouncil.org.il

"Made In Sheffield: The Birth of Electronic Pop". British Council. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.

britishcountyflags.com

https://britishcountyflags.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/the-problem-of-e2809ccounty-confusione2809d-e28093-and-how-to-resolve-it-1.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}

britishelectionstudy.com

"Version 2.2. 2015 Face-to-face Post-election Survey (with vote validation)". British Election Survey. September 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

britishheritage.com

Hopley, Clare (12 June 2016). "North British Migration: From the Irish Sea to the Allegheny Mountains". British Heritage. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2017.

broadbandchoices.co.uk

Hill, Anthony (4 July 2013). "Broadband speed gaps exposed in north". broadbandchoices.co.uk. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016.

buzzfeed.com

Al-Othman, Hannah (9 June 2017). "The Tories Have Had A Truly Terrible Night In The North Of England". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
Waterson, Jim (30 October 2016). "Meet The Political Party That Wants Yorkshire To Have Its Own Parliament". Buzzfeed News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

caa.co.uk

"Size of Reporting Airports January 2022 – December 2022". Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

canalrivertrust.org.uk

"Aire & Calder Navigation Main Line". Canal and River Trust. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

carlscam.com

"Gazetteer of Cheshire". Carlscam.com. Retrieved 22 December 2018.

cbi.org.uk

"The UK's tech clusters". CBI. 3 May 2016. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.

cheeseboard.co.uk

"Wensleydale". British Cheese Board. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017.

chroniclelive.co.uk

Kelly, Mike (23 December 2014). "Ciao, pet: A history of Italian immigration to Newcastle and the North East". Newcastle Chronicle. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Ford, Coreena (4 March 2016). "North East exports top £12bn, giving region consistent balance of trade". Chronicle Live. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2017.

citymetric.com

Harrison, Ben (8 March 2016). ""There is no such thing as the North": why devolution must be to the region's cities". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
Caunce, Stephen (7 July 2015). "An economic history of the north of England. Part 1: Medieval failure and the "urban desert"". CityMetric. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
"Is the Liverpool-Manchester-Leeds-Sheffield corridor a single urban region?". CityMetric. 27 May 2015. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
Caunce, Stephen (9 July 2015). "An economic history of the north of England. Part 3: The industrial revolution arrives". CityMetric. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Gregory, Sam (18 September 2018). "Uniquely, Sheffield's dividing line runs directly through the city like the Berlin Wall". CityMetric. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
Caunce, Stephen (8 July 2015). "An economic history of the north of England. Part 2: Cottage industries and market towns". CityMetric. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.

citymonitor.ai

jonnelledge (7 October 2019). "Which is England's second city?". CityMonitor. Retrieved 31 July 2024.

cyclist.co.uk

Delves, Joseph (2 May 2017). "Tour de Yorkshire aims to add fourth day for 2018". Cyclist. Retrieved 2 October 2018.

dazeddigital.com

Stanfield, Ted (30 November 2016). "How the north of England impacted style". Dazed. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2017.

directferries.co.uk

"Liverpool Birkenhead Ferry". Archived from the original on 9 February 2017., "Liverpool Ferry". Archived from the original on 9 February 2017., "Heysham Ferry". Direct Ferries. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
"Newcastle Ferry". Archived from the original on 29 January 2016., "Hull Ferry". Direct Ferries. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

dockmuseum.org.uk

"Iron and Steelworks in Barrow". Barrow Dock Museum. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.

doi.org

Calculated using data from WorldClim.org. Hijmans, R.J.; Cameron, S.E.; Parra, J.L.; Jones, P.G.; Jarvis, A. (2005). "Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas". International Journal of Climatology. 25 (15): 1965–1978. Bibcode:2005IJCli..25.1965H. doi:10.1002/joc.1276. S2CID 8615577.
Donkin, R. A. (1969). "The Cistercian Order and the Settlement of Northern England". Geographical Review. 59 (3): 403–416. Bibcode:1969GeoRv..59..403D. doi:10.2307/213484. JSTOR 213484.
Spacken, Karl (2016). "Theorising northernness and northern culture: the north of England, northern Englishness, and sympathetic magic" (PDF). Journal for Cultural Research. 20 (1): 4–16. doi:10.1080/14797585.2015.1134056. S2CID 147445069.

dotrural.ac.uk

Farrington, John (2015). "Two-Speed Britain: Rural and Urban Internet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2021.

drexel.edu

pages.drexel.edu

Dobre-Laza, Mona. "Sport and the Working Classes" (PDF). the British Council. pp. 6–7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2017. Adapted from Townson, Nigel (1997). The British at Play – a social history of British sport from 1600 to the present. Cavallioti Publishers.

dur.ac.uk

"Palaeolithic art and archaeology of Creswell Crags, UK". Durham University. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2017. The dates given in the source are 28,000 14C years ago for the Gravettian and 12,500 to 12,200 14C years ago for the Magdalenian. The 14C radiocarbon dating years have been adjusted to give calendar ('real') years.

economist.com

"Magnetic South". The Economist. 9 August 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
"England's two nations: Divided kingdom". The Economist. 18 September 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

ehs.org.uk

Herson, John. "Liverpool as a Diasporic City". Liverpool John Moores University. Archived from the original (DOC) on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.

electoralcommission.org.uk

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search.electoralcommission.org.uk

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englandsimmigrants.com

"Map showing results by Residence: County". England's Immigrants 1350–1550. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2017.

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

"Database Of Origin & Registration". European Commission. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2017.

fao.org

Hopkins, Alan (2008). "Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profile: United Kingdom". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2017.

fifa.com

"History of Football – The Global Growth". FIFA Official Website. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.

focus-economics.com

"England's north-south divide: Is it still grim up north?". FocusEconomics | Economic Forecasts from the World's Leading Economists. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2021.

fsai.ie

"Commission Regulation (EC) No 952/2007 of 9 August 2007 cancelling a registration of a name in the Register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications (Newcastle Brown Ale (PGI))" (PDF). Official Journal. European Commission. 9 August 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2017.

ft.com

Evans, Judith (15 March 2016). "Northern England cities' promise attracts wave of property investment". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
Bounds, Andrew; Tighe, Chris (22 July 2016). "Funding concerns for UK's northern business after Brexit vote". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
Bounds, Andrew (13 August 2015). "Fast-track fracking taps well of northern anger". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
Bounds, Andrew (15 March 2016). "North of England tech hubs grow in strength". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
Blitz, Roger; Tighe, Chris; Bounds, Andrew (25 January 2015). "English airports fear Scottish tax competition". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

ghostarchive.org

Evans, Judith (15 March 2016). "Northern England cities' promise attracts wave of property investment". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
Scott, Dominic; Scott, Patrick (1 June 2020). "Northern Covid-19 infection rate nearly double London's". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
Bounds, Andrew (13 August 2015). "Fast-track fracking taps well of northern anger". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
Bounds, Andrew (15 March 2016). "North of England tech hubs grow in strength". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
Horrie, Chris (29 May 1999). "When revenue is slipping, it's OK to say you're sorry". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Quantick, David (20 May 2016). "Andy Burnham's right – it's grim Up North – but that's no bad thing". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
Johnston, Philip (13 October 2020). "It may be grim up North, but that's no reason to lock everyone down". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
Jackson, Michael (15 December 1992). "North-South beer divide is all in the head". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Hadfield, Dave (28 July 2003). "Making the long walk from Hull to Widnes". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
Drury, Colin (3 November 2020). "An independent north? What an England severed in two might look like". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
Blitz, Roger; Tighe, Chris; Bounds, Andrew (25 January 2015). "English airports fear Scottish tax competition". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

goldenageofnorthumbria.com

"Historical background to The Golden Age". Golden Age of Northumbria. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.

gov.uk

Tate, Sue; Greatbatch, David (2016). "Review of evidence on education in the north of England" (PDF). Department for Education. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
"English indices of deprivation 2015". Office for National Statistics. 30 September 2015. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
"Structure of the agricultural industry in England and the UK at June". Office for National Statistics. 20 December 2016. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
"Taking Part 2014/15, Focus on: Newspaper Readership" (PDF). Department for Culture, Media and Sport. 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
"TRADE UNION MEMBERSHIP 2015" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. May 2016. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"Places of worship registered for marriage". HM Passport Office. 7 November 2016. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017. Not all places of worship are registered, and some defunct churches remain on the list.
Transport for the North (2016). "Northern Transport Strategy: Spring 2016 Report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
"Light Rail and Tram Statistics: Notes and Definitions" (PDF). Department for Transport. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2017.^{[permanent dead link]}
"UK Port Freight Statistics: 2015" (PDF). Department for Transport. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
"Sea Passenger Statistics: Final 2015" (PDF). Department for Transport. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

greatrun.org

"Stage Set For 37th Simplyhealth Great North Run". Great Runs. 8 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Calculated using data from WorldClim.org. Hijmans, R.J.; Cameron, S.E.; Parra, J.L.; Jones, P.G.; Jarvis, A. (2005). "Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas". International Journal of Climatology. 25 (15): 1965–1978. Bibcode:2005IJCli..25.1965H. doi:10.1002/joc.1276. S2CID 8615577.
Donkin, R. A. (1969). "The Cistercian Order and the Settlement of Northern England". Geographical Review. 59 (3): 403–416. Bibcode:1969GeoRv..59..403D. doi:10.2307/213484. JSTOR 213484.

heritagegateway.org.uk

Historic England. "Rudston Monolith (79482)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 16 May 2017.

historicengland.org.uk

research.historicengland.org.uk

Usai, Maria Raimonda (2005). "Geoarchaeology in Northern England I. The Landscape and Geography of Northern England". Retrieved 4 March 2017.

history.ac.uk

Walton, John K. "Review of Working-Class Organisations and Popular Tourism, 1840–1970". Reviews in History. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.

historytoday.com

Aitcheson, James (12 October 2016). "The Harrying of the North". History Today. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Cooper, Stephen; Cooper, Ashley (29 April 2015). "The Council of the North". History Today. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.

humanism.org.uk

"The Census Campaign 2011". British Humanist Association. 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2017.

independent.co.uk

Brown, Jonathan (14 January 2012). "War Of The Roses Part II". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Horrie, Chris (29 May 1999). "When revenue is slipping, it's OK to say you're sorry". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Jackson, Michael (15 December 1992). "North-South beer divide is all in the head". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Hadfield, Dave (28 July 2003). "Making the long walk from Hull to Widnes". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
Drury, Colin (3 November 2020). "An independent north? What an England severed in two might look like". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

ippr.org

IPPR North 2012, pp. 20–22. IPPR North (2012). Northern Prosperity is National Prosperity (PDF). Institute for Public Policy Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
IPPR North (12 January 2017). "House of Lords State of the North Debate" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
IPPR North 2016, p. 9. IPPR North (2016). The Northern Powerhouse in Action (PDF). Institute for Public Policy Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
IPPR North 2012, pp. 190–192. IPPR North (2012). Northern Prosperity is National Prosperity (PDF). Institute for Public Policy Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
IPPR North 2012, p. 184. IPPR North (2012). Northern Prosperity is National Prosperity (PDF). Institute for Public Policy Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
IPPR North 2012, pp. 117–120. IPPR North (2012). Northern Prosperity is National Prosperity (PDF). Institute for Public Policy Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

itv.com

"Bradford crowned Curry Capital of Britain for sixth year in a row". ITV News. 10 October 2016. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017.

jewishencyclopedia.com

"England". Jewish Encyclopedia. March 2010. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2011.

jstor.org

Donkin, R. A. (1969). "The Cistercian Order and the Settlement of Northern England". Geographical Review. 59 (3): 403–416. Bibcode:1969GeoRv..59..403D. doi:10.2307/213484. JSTOR 213484.
Cannon, R. D. (1971). "The Bagpipe in Northern England". Folk Music Journal. 2 (2): 127–147. JSTOR 4521880.

lakedistrict.gov.uk

"Facts and Figures". Lake District National Park. 24 May 2005. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2017.

leeds.gov.uk

"Leeds economy". Leeds City Council. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.

leedsbeckett.ac.uk

eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk

Spacken, Karl (2016). "Theorising northernness and northern culture: the north of England, northern Englishness, and sympathetic magic" (PDF). Journal for Cultural Research. 20 (1): 4–16. doi:10.1080/14797585.2015.1134056. S2CID 147445069.

lindisfarne.org.uk

"The Religious History of Lindisfarne". Lindisfarne.org.uk. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.

liverpooldailypost.co.uk

Bartlett, David (15 January 2010). "Liverpool City Council's plans to restore Britain's first mosque". Liverpool Daily Post. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012.

liverpoolecho.co.uk

Makin, Rex (5 July 2008). "Plaque to mark Liverpool's kosher history". Retrieved 14 March 2017.

liverpoolmuseums.org.uk

"The Blitz". Merseyside Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2017.

manchestereveningnews.co.uk

"Bomb to boom – Manchester, a shining example to other cities". Manchester Evening News. 31 May 2012. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
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McKeegan, Alice (15 July 2014). "Legacy of Commonwealth Games lives on in Manchester". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
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