Nuclear physics (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Nuclear physics" in English language version.

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archive.org

Thomson, Joseph John (1897). "Cathode Rays". Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. XV: 419–432.

arxiv.org

Vuille, C.; Ipser, J.; Gallagher, J. (2002). "Einstein–Proca model, micro black holes, and naked singularities". General Relativity and Gravitation. 34 (5): 689. arXiv:1406.0497. Bibcode:2002GReGr..34..689V. doi:10.1023/a:1015942229041. S2CID 118221997.
Scipioni, R. (1999). "Isomorphism between non-Riemannian gravity and Einstein–Proca–Weyl theories extended to a class of scalar gravity theories". Class. Quantum Gravity. 16 (7): 2471–2478. arXiv:gr-qc/9905022. Bibcode:1999CQGra..16.2471S. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/16/7/320. S2CID 6740644.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Henri Becquerel (1896). "Sur les radiations émises par phosphorescence". Comptes Rendus. 122: 420–421. Archived from the original on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2010-09-21.

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Jariskog, Cecilia (December 2008). "ANNIVERSARY The nucleus and more" (PDF). CERN Courrier. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021. .. in 1911, Rutherford writes: "I have been working recently on scattering of alpha and beta particles and have devised a new atom to explain the results..

cerncourier.com

*Davidson, Michael W. "The Rutherford Experiment". micro.magnet. micro.magnet.fsu.edu. Florida State: Florida State University. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021. "experiment was conducted 1911"
- "CULTURE AND HISTORY FEATURE Rutherford, transmutation and the proton 8 May 2019 The events leading to Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the proton, published in 1919". CERN Courier. IOP Publishing. 8 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

chemteam.info

Rutherford F.R.S., E. (May 1911). "The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom". Philosophical Magazine. 6. 21 May 1911: 669–688. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

doi.org

Rutherford, Ernest (1906). "On the retardation of the α particle from radium in passing through matter". Philosophical Magazine. 12 (68): 134–146. doi:10.1080/14786440609463525. Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
Geiger, Hans (1908). "On the scattering of α-particles by matter". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 81 (546): 174–177. Bibcode:1908RSPSA..81..174G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0067.
Geiger, Hans; Marsden, Ernest (1909). "On the diffuse reflection of the α-particles". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 82 (557): 495. Bibcode:1909RSPSA..82..495G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1909.0054.
Geiger, Hans (1910). "The scattering of the α-particles by matter". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 83 (565): 492–504. Bibcode:1910RSPSA..83..492G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0038.
Rutherford, E. (May 1911). "LXXIX. The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 21 (125): 669–688. doi:10.1080/14786440508637080.
Eddington, A. S. (1916). "On the radiative equilibrium of the stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 77: 16–35. Bibcode:1916MNRAS..77...16E. doi:10.1093/mnras/77.1.16.
Chadwick, James (1932). "The existence of a neutron". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 136 (830): 692–708. Bibcode:1932RSPSA.136..692C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1932.0112.
Poenaru, Dorin N.; Calboreanu, Alexandru (2006). "Alexandru Proca (1897–1955) and his equation of the massive vector boson field". Europhysics News. 37 (5): 25–27. Bibcode:2006ENews..37e..24P. doi:10.1051/epn:2006504. S2CID 123558823.
Vuille, C.; Ipser, J.; Gallagher, J. (2002). "Einstein–Proca model, micro black holes, and naked singularities". General Relativity and Gravitation. 34 (5): 689. arXiv:1406.0497. Bibcode:2002GReGr..34..689V. doi:10.1023/a:1015942229041. S2CID 118221997.
Scipioni, R. (1999). "Isomorphism between non-Riemannian gravity and Einstein–Proca–Weyl theories extended to a class of scalar gravity theories". Class. Quantum Gravity. 16 (7): 2471–2478. arXiv:gr-qc/9905022. Bibcode:1999CQGra..16.2471S. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/16/7/320. S2CID 6740644.
Tucker, R. W; Wang, C (1997). "An Einstein–Proca-fluid model for dark matter gravitational interactions". Nuclear Physics B: Proceedings Supplements. 57 (1–3): 259–262. Bibcode:1997NuPhS..57..259T. doi:10.1016/s0920-5632(97)00399-x.
Yukawa, Hideki (1935). "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles. I". Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan. 3rd Series. 17: 48–57. doi:10.11429/ppmsj1919.17.0_48. Archived from the original on Nov 22, 2023.
Mayer, Maria Goeppert (1949). "On Closed Shells in Nuclei. II". Physical Review. 75 (12): 1969–1970. Bibcode:1949PhRv...75.1969M. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.1969.
Haxel, Otto; Jensen, J. Hans D; Suess, Hans E (1949). "On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure". Physical Review. 75 (11): 1766. Bibcode:1949PhRv...75R1766H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.1766.2.
Stephenson, C.; et., al. (2017). "Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 932. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..932B. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01007-9. PMC 5430567. PMID 28428625.
Meshik, A. P. (November 2005). "The Workings of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor". Scientific American. 293 (5): 82–91. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..82M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-82. PMID 16318030. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2014-01-04.

fnal.gov

"1911 John Ratcliffe and Ernest Rutherford (smoking) at the Cavendish Laboratory..." Fermilab. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021."..that would become a classic technique of particle physics..."

fsu.edu

micro.magnet.fsu.edu

*Davidson, Michael W. "The Rutherford Experiment". micro.magnet. micro.magnet.fsu.edu. Florida State: Florida State University. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021. "experiment was conducted 1911"
- "CULTURE AND HISTORY FEATURE Rutherford, transmutation and the proton 8 May 2019 The events leading to Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the proton, published in 1919". CERN Courier. IOP Publishing. 8 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Geiger, Hans (1908). "On the scattering of α-particles by matter". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 81 (546): 174–177. Bibcode:1908RSPSA..81..174G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0067.
Geiger, Hans; Marsden, Ernest (1909). "On the diffuse reflection of the α-particles". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 82 (557): 495. Bibcode:1909RSPSA..82..495G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1909.0054.
Geiger, Hans (1910). "The scattering of the α-particles by matter". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 83 (565): 492–504. Bibcode:1910RSPSA..83..492G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0038.
Eddington, A. S. (1920). "The Internal Constitution of the Stars". The Scientific Monthly. 11 (4): 297–303. Bibcode:1920SciMo..11..297E. JSTOR 6491.
Eddington, A. S. (1916). "On the radiative equilibrium of the stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 77: 16–35. Bibcode:1916MNRAS..77...16E. doi:10.1093/mnras/77.1.16.
Chadwick, James (1932). "The existence of a neutron". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 136 (830): 692–708. Bibcode:1932RSPSA.136..692C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1932.0112.
Poenaru, Dorin N.; Calboreanu, Alexandru (2006). "Alexandru Proca (1897–1955) and his equation of the massive vector boson field". Europhysics News. 37 (5): 25–27. Bibcode:2006ENews..37e..24P. doi:10.1051/epn:2006504. S2CID 123558823.
Vuille, C.; Ipser, J.; Gallagher, J. (2002). "Einstein–Proca model, micro black holes, and naked singularities". General Relativity and Gravitation. 34 (5): 689. arXiv:1406.0497. Bibcode:2002GReGr..34..689V. doi:10.1023/a:1015942229041. S2CID 118221997.
Scipioni, R. (1999). "Isomorphism between non-Riemannian gravity and Einstein–Proca–Weyl theories extended to a class of scalar gravity theories". Class. Quantum Gravity. 16 (7): 2471–2478. arXiv:gr-qc/9905022. Bibcode:1999CQGra..16.2471S. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/16/7/320. S2CID 6740644.
Tucker, R. W; Wang, C (1997). "An Einstein–Proca-fluid model for dark matter gravitational interactions". Nuclear Physics B: Proceedings Supplements. 57 (1–3): 259–262. Bibcode:1997NuPhS..57..259T. doi:10.1016/s0920-5632(97)00399-x.
Mayer, Maria Goeppert (1949). "On Closed Shells in Nuclei. II". Physical Review. 75 (12): 1969–1970. Bibcode:1949PhRv...75.1969M. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.1969.
Haxel, Otto; Jensen, J. Hans D; Suess, Hans E (1949). "On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure". Physical Review. 75 (11): 1766. Bibcode:1949PhRv...75R1766H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.1766.2.
Stephenson, C.; et., al. (2017). "Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 932. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..932B. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01007-9. PMC 5430567. PMID 28428625.
Meshik, A. P. (November 2005). "The Workings of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor". Scientific American. 293 (5): 82–91. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..82M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-82. PMID 16318030. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2014-01-04.

iupac.org

publications.iupac.org

Radvanyi, Pierre (January–February 2011). "Physics and Radioactivity after the Discovery of Polonium and Radium" (electronic). Chemistry International. 33 (1). online: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2021. ..Geiger and an English-New Zealand student, E. Marsden, to study their scattering through thin metallic foils. In 1909, the two physicists observe that some alpha-particles are scattered backwards by thin platinum or gold foils (Geiger 1909)...It takes Rutherford one and a half years to understand this result. In 1911, he concludes that the atom contains a very small 'nucleus'...

jst.go.jp

jstage.jst.go.jp

Yukawa, Hideki (1935). "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles. I". Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan. 3rd Series. 17: 48–57. doi:10.11429/ppmsj1919.17.0_48. Archived from the original on Nov 22, 2023.

jstor.org

Eddington, A. S. (1920). "The Internal Constitution of the Stars". The Scientific Monthly. 11 (4): 297–303. Bibcode:1920SciMo..11..297E. JSTOR 6491.

manifoldapp.org

cuny.manifoldapp.org

Godenko, Lyudmila. The Making of the Atomic Bomb (E-Book). cuny.manifoldapp.org CUNY's Manifold (City University of New York). Retrieved 13 June 2021. The discovery for which Rutherford is most famous is that atoms have nuclei; ...had its beginnings in 1909...Geiger and Marsden published their anomalous result in July, 1909...The first public announcement of this new model of atomic structure seems to have been made on March 7, 1911, when Rutherford addressed the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society;...^{[permanent dead link]}

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stephenson, C.; et., al. (2017). "Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 932. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..932B. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01007-9. PMC 5430567. PMID 28428625.
Meshik, A. P. (November 2005). "The Workings of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor". Scientific American. 293 (5): 82–91. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..82M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-82. PMID 16318030. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2014-01-04.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stephenson, C.; et., al. (2017). "Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 932. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..932B. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01007-9. PMC 5430567. PMID 28428625.

sciam.com

Meshik, A. P. (November 2005). "The Workings of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor". Scientific American. 293 (5): 82–91. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..82M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-82. PMID 16318030. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2014-01-04.

scientificamerican.com

blogs.scientificamerican.com

Biello, David (July 18, 2011). "Nuclear Fission Confirmed as Source of More than Half of Earth's Heat". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Poenaru, Dorin N.; Calboreanu, Alexandru (2006). "Alexandru Proca (1897–1955) and his equation of the massive vector boson field". Europhysics News. 37 (5): 25–27. Bibcode:2006ENews..37e..24P. doi:10.1051/epn:2006504. S2CID 123558823.
Vuille, C.; Ipser, J.; Gallagher, J. (2002). "Einstein–Proca model, micro black holes, and naked singularities". General Relativity and Gravitation. 34 (5): 689. arXiv:1406.0497. Bibcode:2002GReGr..34..689V. doi:10.1023/a:1015942229041. S2CID 118221997.
Scipioni, R. (1999). "Isomorphism between non-Riemannian gravity and Einstein–Proca–Weyl theories extended to a class of scalar gravity theories". Class. Quantum Gravity. 16 (7): 2471–2478. arXiv:gr-qc/9905022. Bibcode:1999CQGra..16.2471S. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/16/7/320. S2CID 6740644.

sjsu.edu

Watkins, Thayer. "The Structure and Binding Energy of the Alpha Particle, the Helium 4 Nucleus". San Jose University. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2021.

utah.edu

physics.utah.edu

H. Geiger and E. Marsden, PM, 25, 604 1913, citing, H. Geiger and E. Marsden, Roy. Soc. Proc. vol. LXXXII. p. 495 (1909), in, The Laws of Deflexion of α Particles Through Large Angles \\ H. Geiger and E. Marsden Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine (1913), (published subsequently online by – physics.utah.edu (University of Utah)) Retrieved June 13, 2021 (p.1):"..In an earlier paper, however, we pointed out that α particles are sometimes turned through very large angles..."(p.2):"..Professor Rutherford has recently developed a theory to account for the scattering of α particles through these large angles, the assumption being that the deflexions are the result of an intimate encounter of an α particle with a single atom of the matter traversed. In this theory an atom is supposed to consist of a strong positive or negative central charge concentrated within a sphere of less than about 3 × 10–12 cm. radius, and surrounded by electricity of the opposite sigh distributed throughout the remainder of the atom of about 10−8 cm. radius..."

web.archive.org

Henri Becquerel (1896). "Sur les radiations émises par phosphorescence". Comptes Rendus. 122: 420–421. Archived from the original on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
Rutherford, Ernest (1906). "On the retardation of the α particle from radium in passing through matter". Philosophical Magazine. 12 (68): 134–146. doi:10.1080/14786440609463525. Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
H. Geiger and E. Marsden, PM, 25, 604 1913, citing, H. Geiger and E. Marsden, Roy. Soc. Proc. vol. LXXXII. p. 495 (1909), in, The Laws of Deflexion of α Particles Through Large Angles \\ H. Geiger and E. Marsden Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine (1913), (published subsequently online by – physics.utah.edu (University of Utah)) Retrieved June 13, 2021 (p.1):"..In an earlier paper, however, we pointed out that α particles are sometimes turned through very large angles..."(p.2):"..Professor Rutherford has recently developed a theory to account for the scattering of α particles through these large angles, the assumption being that the deflexions are the result of an intimate encounter of an α particle with a single atom of the matter traversed. In this theory an atom is supposed to consist of a strong positive or negative central charge concentrated within a sphere of less than about 3 × 10–12 cm. radius, and surrounded by electricity of the opposite sigh distributed throughout the remainder of the atom of about 10−8 cm. radius..."
Radvanyi, Pierre (January–February 2011). "Physics and Radioactivity after the Discovery of Polonium and Radium" (electronic). Chemistry International. 33 (1). online: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2021. ..Geiger and an English-New Zealand student, E. Marsden, to study their scattering through thin metallic foils. In 1909, the two physicists observe that some alpha-particles are scattered backwards by thin platinum or gold foils (Geiger 1909)...It takes Rutherford one and a half years to understand this result. In 1911, he concludes that the atom contains a very small 'nucleus'...
Rutherford F.R.S., E. (May 1911). "The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom". Philosophical Magazine. 6. 21 May 1911: 669–688. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
"1911 John Ratcliffe and Ernest Rutherford (smoking) at the Cavendish Laboratory..." Fermilab. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021."..that would become a classic technique of particle physics..."
*Davidson, Michael W. "The Rutherford Experiment". micro.magnet. micro.magnet.fsu.edu. Florida State: Florida State University. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021. "experiment was conducted 1911"
- "CULTURE AND HISTORY FEATURE Rutherford, transmutation and the proton 8 May 2019 The events leading to Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the proton, published in 1919". CERN Courier. IOP Publishing. 8 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- Jariskog, Cecilia (December 2008). "ANNIVERSARY The nucleus and more" (PDF). CERN Courrier. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021. .. in 1911, Rutherford writes: "I have been working recently on scattering of alpha and beta particles and have devised a new atom to explain the results..
- Watkins, Thayer. "The Structure and Binding Energy of the Alpha Particle, the Helium 4 Nucleus". San Jose University. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- Yukawa, Hideki (1935). "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles. I". Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan. 3rd Series. 17: 48–57. doi:10.11429/ppmsj1919.17.0_48. Archived from the original on Nov 22, 2023.
- Meshik, A. P. (November 2005). "The Workings of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor". Scientific American. 293 (5): 82–91. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..82M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-82. PMID 16318030. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2014-01-04.
- Biello, David (July 18, 2011). "Nuclear Fission Confirmed as Source of More than Half of Earth's Heat". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

zenodo.org

Rutherford, Ernest (1906). "On the retardation of the α particle from radium in passing through matter". Philosophical Magazine. 12 (68): 134–146. doi:10.1080/14786440609463525. Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2019-07-01.