Nuclear power in the European Union (English Wikipedia)

"France nuclear power funding gets 1bn euro boost". BBC News. 27 June 2011. Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
"Siemens to quit nuclear industry". BBC News. 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

bmu.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Joint Declaration for a nuclear-free EU Taxonomy - BMUV-Meldung". bmuv.de (in German). Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

boell.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

us.boell.org

"Understanding the German Nuclear Exit | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Washington, DC Office - USA, Canada, Global Dialogue". us.boell.org. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

cea.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) (December 2007), "ELECNUC: Les Centrales Nuclecléaires dans le Monde" [Nuclear power plants in the world] (PDF), Informations sur l'Énergie: Energy Handbook (in French) (2008 ed.), Gif-sur-Yvette, France: Institut de technico-économie des systèmes énergétiques; Direction de l'énergie nucléaire, ISSN 1280-9039, archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2011, retrieved 5 August 2008

cern.ch (Global: 1,959^th place; English: 1,611^th place)

eucard-old.web.cern.ch

"MAX and the MYRRHA | Article 4 | Issue 10 | Newsletters | News | EuCARD". Archived from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.

dw.com (Global: 204^th place; English: 353^rd place)

"EU moves to label gas and nuclear energy as 'green'". dw.com. 1 January 2022. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

ebrd.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nuclear safety [EBRD – Sector]". Archived from the original on 26 October 2010.

energetika-portal.si (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Izdano energetsko dovoljenje za projekt JEK2". www.energetika-portal.si. Retrieved 18 May 2022.

energy.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Gas and electricity market statistics" (PDF). Eurostat. 26 October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

ens-newswire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Environment News Service (ENS)". Archived from the original on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.

erdo-wg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ERDO – Working Group". www.erdo-wg.com. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.

euractiv.com (Global: 3,286^th place; English: 2,369^th place)

Kurmayer, Nikolaus J. (12 November 2021). "Five EU countries form anti-nuclear alliance at COP26". www.euractiv.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

euronews.com (Global: 612^th place; English: 921^st place)

"France's EDF plans to restart nation's entire nuclear fleet by early next year". Euronews. 4 September 2022.

euronuclear.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nuclear power plants in Europe". ENS. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

ec.europa.eu

European Commission (4 October 2012), Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the comprehensive risk and safety assessments ("stress tests") of nuclear power plants in the European Union and related activities (PDF), Brussels: Publications Office of the European Union, [* COM/2012/0571 final *], archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2012, retrieved 11 July 2021. Versions in multiple languages from EUR-Lex (Doc ref 52012DC0571 – EN – EUR-Lex), official website of European Union law.
Fernanado Esteban (23 May 2002). "The future of nuclear energy in the European Union" (PDF). Directorate General for Energy and Transport: European Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
"EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2007/2008" (PDF). Eurostat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
"Press corner". European Commission – European Commission. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
"Decommissioning of nuclear facilities". Energy – European Commission. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.

eur-lex.europa.eu

European Commission (4 October 2012), Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the comprehensive risk and safety assessments ("stress tests") of nuclear power plants in the European Union and related activities (PDF), Brussels: Publications Office of the European Union, [* COM/2012/0571 final *], archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2012, retrieved 11 July 2021. Versions in multiple languages from EUR-Lex (Doc ref 52012DC0571 – EN – EUR-Lex), official website of European Union law.

dataservice.eea.europa.eu

"Primary energy consumption by fuel (%) in 2005". EEA-European Environment Agency. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.

euratom-supply.ec.europa.eu

"Supply Agency of the European Atomic Energy Community". Retrieved 17 July 2023.

europarl.europa.eu

Stull, Graham (1 April 2011). Nuclear safety in the EU: In the wake of the Fukushima disaster, there is renewed concern for nuclear safety in the EU - Library briefing (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2011.

europa.eu

"Management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste". Europa. SCADPlus. 22 November 2007. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

energy.ec.europa.eu

"Small Modular Reactors explained - European Commission". European Commission. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 18 August 2025.

foratom.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"About us - FORATOM". Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 5 October 2011.

iaea.org (Global: 1,168^th place; English: 1,193^rd place)

IAEA (2011). "Power Reactor Information System". Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2010.

interno.it (Global: 1,246^th place; English: low place)

referendum.interno.it

"Italy Nuclear Referendum Results". 13 June 2011. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012.

ipnin2p3.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

"(see section "Project information")". Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

lowcarbonpower.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"EU Electricity Generation Mix 2025 | Low-Carbon Power Data". lowcarbonpower.org. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

mining-technology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Shock waves: what will a Spanish ban mean for uranium mining in Europe?".

nbcnews.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 101^st place)

"Talk of nuclear revival rekindles waste concerns". NBC News. 20 January 2008. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

newsweek.com (Global: 269^th place; English: 201^st place)

Henry Sokolski (28 November 2011). "Nuclear Power Goes Rogue". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"Heat and Drought in Europe Strain Energy Supply". The New York Times. 18 August 2022.
James Kanter. In Finland, Nuclear Renaissance Runs Into Trouble Archived 15 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine New York Times, 28 May 2009.

ourworldindata.org (Global: 2,263^rd place; English: 1,687^th place)

"Share of primary energy consumption from nuclear (Europe, map)". Our World in Data. Retrieved 18 May 2025.
"Share of primary energy consumption from nuclear". Our World in Data.

paristechreview.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Three lessons from Germany's energy transition". Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

presseurop.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Eastern Europe, a nuclear dustbin? | Presseurop (English)". Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

reuters.com

Peverieri, Anna (9 July 2025). "Solar tops EU power mix for first time in June, Ember says". Reuters. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
"EDF to restart all its nuclear reactors this winter - minister". Reuters. 2 September 2022.
"France plans full nationalisation of power utility EDF" Reuters. 6 July 2022.
"Greenland bans uranium mining, halting rare earths project". Reuters.
EDF raises French EPR reactor cost to over $11 billion Archived 19 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, 3 December 2012.

uk.reuters.com

Christoph Steitz, Barbara Lewis (16 February 2016). "EU short of 118 billion euros in nuclear decommissioning funds". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
Annika Breidthardt (30 May 2011). "German government wants nuclear exit by 2022 at latest". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2021.

graphics.reuters.com

"Europe's driest summer in 500 years threatens crops, energy production". Reuters. 22 August 2022.

rfi.fr (Global: 559^th place; English: 1,777^th place)

"Does France's emphasis on nuclear power guarantee its energy independence?". Retrieved 17 July 2023.

spiegel.de (Global: 66^th place; English: 350^th place)

SPIEGEL, SPIEGEL Staff, DER (4 September 2013). "High Costs and Errors of German Transition to Renewable Energy". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Joint Declaration for a nuclear-free EU Taxonomy - BMUV-Meldung". bmuv.de (in German). Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
Kurmayer, Nikolaus J. (12 November 2021). "Five EU countries form anti-nuclear alliance at COP26". www.euractiv.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
"EU moves to label gas and nuclear energy as 'green'". dw.com. 1 January 2022. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
European Commission (4 October 2012), Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the comprehensive risk and safety assessments ("stress tests") of nuclear power plants in the European Union and related activities (PDF), Brussels: Publications Office of the European Union, [* COM/2012/0571 final *], archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2012, retrieved 11 July 2021. Versions in multiple languages from EUR-Lex (Doc ref 52012DC0571 – EN – EUR-Lex), official website of European Union law.
Fernanado Esteban (23 May 2002). "The future of nuclear energy in the European Union" (PDF). Directorate General for Energy and Transport: European Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
"EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2007/2008" (PDF). Eurostat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
[1] Archived 1 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine World Nuclear Association, Facts and Figures
"Gas and electricity market statistics" (PDF). Eurostat. 26 October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
Stull, Graham (1 April 2011). Nuclear safety in the EU: In the wake of the Fukushima disaster, there is renewed concern for nuclear safety in the EU - Library briefing (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
"Management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste". Europa. SCADPlus. 22 November 2007. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) (December 2007), "ELECNUC: Les Centrales Nuclecléaires dans le Monde" [Nuclear power plants in the world] (PDF), Informations sur l'Énergie: Energy Handbook (in French) (2008 ed.), Gif-sur-Yvette, France: Institut de technico-économie des systèmes énergétiques; Direction de l'énergie nucléaire, ISSN 1280-9039, archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2011, retrieved 5 August 2008
"Talk of nuclear revival rekindles waste concerns". NBC News. 20 January 2008. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
"Nuclear safety [EBRD – Sector]". Archived from the original on 26 October 2010.
"ERDO – Working Group". www.erdo-wg.com. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
"Eastern Europe, a nuclear dustbin? | Presseurop (English)". Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
"Environment News Service (ENS)". Archived from the original on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
"Press corner". European Commission – European Commission. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
"(see section "Project information")". Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
"MAX and the MYRRHA | Article 4 | Issue 10 | Newsletters | News | EuCARD". Archived from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Decommissioning of nuclear facilities". Energy – European Commission. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
"Nuclear Decommissioning: Decommission nuclear facilities – World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
Christoph Steitz, Barbara Lewis (16 February 2016). "EU short of 118 billion euros in nuclear decommissioning funds". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
EDF raises French EPR reactor cost to over $11 billion Archived 19 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, 3 December 2012.
James Kanter. In Finland, Nuclear Renaissance Runs Into Trouble Archived 15 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine New York Times, 28 May 2009.
"About us - FORATOM". Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
Western European Nuclear Regulators' Association. "About Us: WENRA's mission". www.wenra.eu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
[WENRA] Western European Nuclear Regulators' Association Task Force (12 April 2011). "Stress tests" specifications: Proposal by the WENRA Task Force (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
"World Nuclear Power Reactors | Uranium Requirements | Future Nuclear Power – World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
"France nuclear power funding gets 1bn euro boost". BBC News. 27 June 2011. Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
"Plans for New Nuclear Reactors Worldwide – World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
Annika Breidthardt (30 May 2011). "German government wants nuclear exit by 2022 at latest". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
SPIEGEL, SPIEGEL Staff, DER (4 September 2013). "High Costs and Errors of German Transition to Renewable Energy". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Three lessons from Germany's energy transition". Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
"Italy Nuclear Referendum Results". 13 June 2011. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012.
Henry Sokolski (28 November 2011). "Nuclear Power Goes Rogue". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
"Nuclear Energy in Sweden – World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
IAEA (2011). "Power Reactor Information System". Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
"Siemens to quit nuclear industry". BBC News. 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

wenra.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Western European Nuclear Regulators' Association. "About Us: WENRA's mission". www.wenra.eu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
[WENRA] Western European Nuclear Regulators' Association Task Force (12 April 2011). "Stress tests" specifications: Proposal by the WENRA Task Force (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.

world-nuclear.org (Global: 3,446^th place; English: 3,746^th place)

[1] Archived 1 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine World Nuclear Association, Facts and Figures
"Nuclear Decommissioning: Decommission nuclear facilities – World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
"World Nuclear Power Reactors | Uranium Requirements | Future Nuclear Power – World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
"Plans for New Nuclear Reactors Worldwide – World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
"Nuclear Energy in Sweden – World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) (December 2007), "ELECNUC: Les Centrales Nuclecléaires dans le Monde" [Nuclear power plants in the world] (PDF), Informations sur l'Énergie: Energy Handbook (in French) (2008 ed.), Gif-sur-Yvette, France: Institut de technico-économie des systèmes énergétiques; Direction de l'énergie nucléaire, ISSN 1280-9039, archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2011, retrieved 5 August 2008

Nuclear power in the European Union (English Wikipedia)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

bmu.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

boell.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

us.boell.org

cea.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

cern.ch (Global: 1,959th place; English: 1,611th place)

eucard-old.web.cern.ch

dw.com (Global: 204th place; English: 353rd place)

ebrd.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

energetika-portal.si (Global: low place; English: low place)

energy.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

ens-newswire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

erdo-wg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

euractiv.com (Global: 3,286th place; English: 2,369th place)

euronews.com (Global: 612th place; English: 921st place)

euronuclear.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

ec.europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

dataservice.eea.europa.eu

euratom-supply.ec.europa.eu

europarl.europa.eu

europa.eu

energy.ec.europa.eu

foratom.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

iaea.org (Global: 1,168th place; English: 1,193rd place)

interno.it (Global: 1,246th place; English: low place)

referendum.interno.it

ipnin2p3.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

lowcarbonpower.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

mining-technology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 137th place; English: 101st place)

newsweek.com (Global: 269th place; English: 201st place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

ourworldindata.org (Global: 2,263rd place; English: 1,687th place)

paristechreview.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

presseurop.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

reuters.com (Global: 49th place; English: 47th place)

reuters.com

uk.reuters.com

graphics.reuters.com

rfi.fr (Global: 559th place; English: 1,777th place)

spiegel.de (Global: 66th place; English: 350th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wenra.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

world-nuclear.org (Global: 3,446th place; English: 3,746th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

cern.ch (Global: 1,959^th place; English: 1,611^th place)

dw.com (Global: 204^th place; English: 353^rd place)

euractiv.com (Global: 3,286^th place; English: 2,369^th place)

euronews.com (Global: 612^th place; English: 921^st place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

iaea.org (Global: 1,168^th place; English: 1,193^rd place)

interno.it (Global: 1,246^th place; English: low place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 101^st place)

newsweek.com (Global: 269^th place; English: 201^st place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ourworldindata.org (Global: 2,263^rd place; English: 1,687^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

rfi.fr (Global: 559^th place; English: 1,777^th place)

spiegel.de (Global: 66^th place; English: 350^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

world-nuclear.org (Global: 3,446^th place; English: 3,746^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)