Nuclear weapon design (English Wikipedia)

Pellaud, Bruno (2002-07-12). "Proliferation aspects of plutonium recycling" (PDF). Comptes Rendus. Physique. 3 (7–8). Cellule MathDoc/Centre Mersenne: 1067–1079. doi:10.1016/s1631-0705(02)01364-6. ISSN 1878-1535. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

aip.org

So I pieced together from Edward's testament and from his memoir that Stan had come to him in February of 1951 Archived 2018-02-13 at the Wayback Machine American Institute of Physics interview with Richard Garwin by Ken Ford, dated December 2012
he was going to use first hydrodynamics and just the shockwaves and then neutron heating, which would have been a disaster. It would have blown it up before it got going. It was Teller who came up with the radiation. Archived 2021-02-23 at the Wayback Machine, American Institute of Physics interview with Marshall Rosenbluth by Kai-Henrik Barth, dated August 2003

archive.org

Rhodes, Richard (1995). Dark Sun; the Making of the Hydrogen Bomb. Simon and Schuster. p. 541. ISBN 9780684804002.

armscontrolwonk.com

"ArmsControlWonk: FOGBANK" Archived January 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, March 7, 2008. (Accessed 2010-04-06)

arxiv.org

Gsponer, Andre (2005). "Fourth Generation Nuclear Weapons: Military effectiveness and collateral effects". arXiv:physics/0510071.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Neutron bomb: Why 'clean' is deadly". BBC News. July 15, 1999. Archived from the original on April 7, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2010.

books.google.com

"To the Outside World, a Superbomb more Bluff than Bang", Life, vol. 51, no. 19, November 10, 1961, New York, pp. 34–37, 1961, archived from the original on 2021-09-04, retrieved 2010-06-28. Article on the Soviet Tsar Bomba test. Because explosions are spherical in shape and targets are spread out on the relatively flat surface of the earth, numerous smaller weapons cause more destruction. From page 35: "... five five-megaton weapons would demolish a greater area than a single 50-megatonner."
Barnaby, Frank (2012). The Role and Control of Weapons in the 1990s. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134901913. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists". Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. March 1991. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
SDI: Technology, survivability, and software. DIANE. ISBN 978-1428922679. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
Barnaby, Frank (2012). The Role and Control of Weapons in the 1990s. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134901913. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
Glasstone, Samuel (1962). The Effects of Nuclear Weapons. U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. pp. 464–466.
Winterberg, Friedwardt (2010). The Release of Thermonuclear Energy by Inertial Confinement: Ways Towards Ignition. World Scientific. pp. 192–193. ISBN 978-9814295918. Archived from the original on 2021-08-05. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
Croddy, Eric A.; Wirtz, James J.; Larsen, Jeffrey, Eds. (2005). Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History. ABC-CLIO, Inc. p. 376. ISBN 978-1-85109-490-5. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
From Polaris to Trident: The Development of the U.S. Fleet Ballistic Missile Technology. ISBN 978-0521054010..^{[permanent dead link]}

britannica.com

"nuclear fission | Examples & Process | Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-05-30.

cnbc.com

Kemp, Ted (3 September 2017). "North Korea hydrogen bomb: Read the full announcement from Pyongyang". CNBC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.

dailytech.com

Jason Mick (October 17, 2013). "The mother of all bombs would sit in wait in an orbitary platform". Archived from the original on October 9, 2014.

doi.org

Wellerstein, Alex; Geist, Edward (2017). "The secret of the Soviet hydrogen bomb". Physics Today. 70 (4): 40. doi:10.1063/PT.3.3524.
Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (July 2011). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site: Site description and in situ measurements". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 102 (7): 672–680. Bibcode:2011JEnvR.102..672R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.003. PMID 21524834.
Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (July 2012). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site, part II: man-made γ-ray emitting radionuclides in the ground and the resultant kerma rate in air". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 109: 1–12. Bibcode:2012JEnvR.109....1R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.009. PMID 22541991.
Ramzaev, V; Repin, V; Medvedev, A; Khramtsov, E; Timofeeva, M; Yakovlev, V (2011). "Radiological investigations at the 'Taiga' nuclear explosion site: Site description and in situ measurements". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 102 (7): 672–680. Bibcode:2011JEnvR.102..672R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.003. PMID 21524834.
Ramzaev, V; Repin, V; Medvedev, A; Khramtsov, E; Timofeeva, M; Yakovlev, V (2012). "Radiological investigations at the 'Taiga' nuclear explosion site, part II: man-made γ-ray emitting radionuclides in the ground and the resultant kerma rate in air". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 109: 1–12. Bibcode:2012JEnvR.109....1R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.009. PMID 22541991.
Weiss, Peter (2 July 2009). "Neptunium nukes?: Little-studied metal goes critical". Science News. 162 (17): 259. doi:10.2307/4014034. JSTOR 4014034.
Pellaud, Bruno (2002-07-12). "Proliferation aspects of plutonium recycling" (PDF). Comptes Rendus. Physique. 3 (7–8). Cellule MathDoc/Centre Mersenne: 1067–1079. doi:10.1016/s1631-0705(02)01364-6. ISSN 1878-1535. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
Harvey, John R.; Michalowski, Stefan (1994). "Nuclear Weapons Safety:The Case of Trident" (PDF). Science & Global Security. 4 (3): 261–337. Bibcode:1994S&GS....4..261H. doi:10.1080/08929889408426405. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-16.

eia.gov

"Nuclear explained – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". eia.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-30.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (July 2011). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site: Site description and in situ measurements". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 102 (7): 672–680. Bibcode:2011JEnvR.102..672R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.003. PMID 21524834.
Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (July 2012). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site, part II: man-made γ-ray emitting radionuclides in the ground and the resultant kerma rate in air". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 109: 1–12. Bibcode:2012JEnvR.109....1R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.009. PMID 22541991.

energy.gov

"Case No. FIC-15-0005" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-25. Retrieved 2016-10-25.

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

FR 971324, Caisse Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (National Fund for Scientific Research), "Perfectionnements aux charges explosives (Improvements to explosive charges)", published 1951-01-16 .

fas.org

"Restricted Data Declassification Decisions from 1945 until Present" Archived April 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine – "Fact that plutonium and uranium may be bonded to each other in unspecified pits or weapons."
"Restricted Data Declassification Decisions from 1946 until Present". Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
Howard Morland, "Born Secret" Archived 2017-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, Cardozo Law Review, March 2005, pp. 1401–1408.
A 1976 drawing Archived April 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine which depicts an interstage that absorbs and re-radiates x-rays. From Howard Morland, "The Article", Archived March 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Cardozo Law Review, March 2005, p. 1374.
"SAND8.8 – 1151 Nuclear Weapon Data – Sigma I", Archived April 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Sandia Laboratories, September 1988.
The Greenpeace drawing. Archived March 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine From Morland, Cardozo Law Review, March 2005, p. 1378.
Walter Goad, Declaration for the Wen Ho Lee case Archived March 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, May 17, 2000. Goad began thermonuclear weapon design work at Los Alamos in 1950. In his Declaration, he mentions "basic scientific problems of computability which cannot be solved by more computing power alone. These are typified by the problem of long range predictions of weather and climate, and extend to predictions of nuclear weapons behavior. This accounts for the fact that, after the enormous investment of effort over many years, weapons codes can still not be relied on for significantly new designs."

sgp.fas.org

"Restricted Data Declassification Decisions, 1946 to the Present (RDD-7)". 1 January 2001.

gwu.edu

nsarchive2.gwu.edu

The Air Force and Strategic Deterrence 1951–1960. USAF historical division Liaison Office by George F. Lemmer 1967, p. 13. Formerly restricted data Archived June 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (July 2011). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site: Site description and in situ measurements". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 102 (7): 672–680. Bibcode:2011JEnvR.102..672R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.003. PMID 21524834.
Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (July 2012). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site, part II: man-made γ-ray emitting radionuclides in the ground and the resultant kerma rate in air". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 109: 1–12. Bibcode:2012JEnvR.109....1R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.009. PMID 22541991.
Ramzaev, V; Repin, V; Medvedev, A; Khramtsov, E; Timofeeva, M; Yakovlev, V (2011). "Radiological investigations at the 'Taiga' nuclear explosion site: Site description and in situ measurements". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 102 (7): 672–680. Bibcode:2011JEnvR.102..672R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.003. PMID 21524834.
Ramzaev, V; Repin, V; Medvedev, A; Khramtsov, E; Timofeeva, M; Yakovlev, V (2012). "Radiological investigations at the 'Taiga' nuclear explosion site, part II: man-made γ-ray emitting radionuclides in the ground and the resultant kerma rate in air". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 109: 1–12. Bibcode:2012JEnvR.109....1R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.009. PMID 22541991.
Harvey, John R.; Michalowski, Stefan (1994). "Nuclear Weapons Safety:The Case of Trident" (PDF). Science & Global Security. 4 (3): 261–337. Bibcode:1994S&GS....4..261H. doi:10.1080/08929889408426405. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-16.

ieri.be

"Fission, Fusion and Staging". IERI. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-05-22..

jaea.go.jp

typhoon.jaea.go.jp

Sanchez, Rene G.; Loaiza, David J.; Kimpland, Robert H.; Hayes, David K.; Cappiello, Charlene C.; Myers, William L.; Jaegers, Peter J.; Clement, Steven D.; Butterfield, Kenneth B. "Criticality of a ²³⁷Np Sphere" (PDF). Japanese Atomic Energy Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-08-06.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Grams, Jon (2021-06-06). "Ripple: An Investigation of the World's Most Advanced High-Yield Thermonuclear Weapon Design". Journal of Cold War Studies. 23 (2). The MIT Press: 133–161. ISSN 1531-3298. Retrieved 2025-04-07.

jstor.org

Weiss, Peter (2 July 2009). "Neptunium nukes?: Little-studied metal goes critical". Science News. 162 (17): 259. doi:10.2307/4014034. JSTOR 4014034.

lbl.gov

newscenter.lbl.gov

Yarris, Lynn (2005-11-29). "Getting the Neptunium out of Nuclear Waste". Berkeley laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved 2014-07-26.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (July 2011). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site: Site description and in situ measurements". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 102 (7): 672–680. Bibcode:2011JEnvR.102..672R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.003. PMID 21524834.
Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (July 2012). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site, part II: man-made γ-ray emitting radionuclides in the ground and the resultant kerma rate in air". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 109: 1–12. Bibcode:2012JEnvR.109....1R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.009. PMID 22541991.
Ramzaev, V; Repin, V; Medvedev, A; Khramtsov, E; Timofeeva, M; Yakovlev, V (2011). "Radiological investigations at the 'Taiga' nuclear explosion site: Site description and in situ measurements". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 102 (7): 672–680. Bibcode:2011JEnvR.102..672R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.003. PMID 21524834.
Ramzaev, V; Repin, V; Medvedev, A; Khramtsov, E; Timofeeva, M; Yakovlev, V (2012). "Radiological investigations at the 'Taiga' nuclear explosion site, part II: man-made γ-ray emitting radionuclides in the ground and the resultant kerma rate in air". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 109: 1–12. Bibcode:2012JEnvR.109....1R. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.009. PMID 22541991.

nuclearmuseum.org

ahf.nuclearmuseum.org

"Atomic Glossary". Nuclear Museum. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

nuclearsecrecy.com

blog.nuclearsecrecy.com

Wellerstein, Alex (12 September 2012). "In Search of a Bigger Boom".

nuclearweaponarchive.org

Sublette, Carey. "NWFAQ: 4.2.5 Special Purpose Applications". Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved 11 August 2021. Modern boosted fission triggers take this evolution towards higher yield to weight, smaller volume, and greater ease of radiation escape to an extreme. Comparable explosive yields are produced by a core consisting of 3.5–4.5 kg of plutonium, 5–6 kg of beryllium reflector, and some 20 kilograms of high explosive containing essentially no high-Z material.
Sublette, Carey. "NWFAQ: 4.4.3.4 Principles of Compression". nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved 11 August 2021. A simplistic computation of the work done in imploding a 10 liter secondary in the "W-80" ... the primary actually produced (5 kt)...
Fissionable Materials Archived October 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine section of the Nuclear Weapons FAQ,^{[dead link]} Carey Sublette, accessed Sept 23, 2006
Nuclear Weapons FAQ: 4.1.6.3 Hybrid Assembly Techniques Archived April 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed December 1, 2007. Drawing adapted from the same source.
Sublette, Carey. "Fission-Fusion Hybrid Weapons". nuclearweaponarchive.
4.4 Elements of Thermonuclear Weapon Design Archived March 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
4.5 Thermonuclear Weapon Designs and Later Subsections Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
Operation Hardtack I Archived September 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
Operation Redwing Archived September 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
Sublette, Carey. "Nuclear Weapons FAQ: 1.6".

osti.gov

An, J S; Shin, J S; Kim, J S; Kwack, E H; Kim, B K (2000-05-01). "The proliferation potential of neptunium and americium". The proliferation potential of neptunium and americium (Technical Report). Retrieved 2025-04-30.

publicintegrity.org

"A new use for nuclear weapons: hunting rogue asteroids A persistent campaign by weapons designers to develop a nuclear defense against extraterrestrial rocks slowly wins government support 2013". Center for Public Integrity. 2013-10-16. Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

scienceandglobalsecurity.org

Harvey, John R.; Michalowski, Stefan (1994). "Nuclear Weapons Safety:The Case of Trident" (PDF). Science & Global Security. 4 (3): 261–337. Bibcode:1994S&GS....4..261H. doi:10.1080/08929889408426405. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-16.

theblackvault.com

documents.theblackvault.com

"2013 FOIA Log" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-10-06.

thebulletin.org

Wellerstein, Alex (29 October 2021). "An Unearthly Spectacle: The Untold Story of the World's Biggest Bomb". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

theguardian.com

Ian Sample (6 March 2008). "Technical hitch delays renewal of nuclear warheads for Trident". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.

uscoldwar.com

Hansen, Chuck (1995). Swords of Armageddon. Vol. IV. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
Hansen, Chuck (1995). Swords of Armageddon. Vol. III. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30. Retrieved 2016-05-20.

web.archive.org

"To the Outside World, a Superbomb more Bluff than Bang", Life, vol. 51, no. 19, November 10, 1961, New York, pp. 34–37, 1961, archived from the original on 2021-09-04, retrieved 2010-06-28. Article on the Soviet Tsar Bomba test. Because explosions are spherical in shape and targets are spread out on the relatively flat surface of the earth, numerous smaller weapons cause more destruction. From page 35: "... five five-megaton weapons would demolish a greater area than a single 50-megatonner."
"Restricted Data Declassification Decisions from 1945 until Present" Archived April 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine – "Fact that plutonium and uranium may be bonded to each other in unspecified pits or weapons."
"Restricted Data Declassification Decisions from 1946 until Present". Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
Fissionable Materials Archived October 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine section of the Nuclear Weapons FAQ,^{[dead link]} Carey Sublette, accessed Sept 23, 2006
Nuclear Weapons FAQ: 4.1.6.3 Hybrid Assembly Techniques Archived April 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed December 1, 2007. Drawing adapted from the same source.
So I pieced together from Edward's testament and from his memoir that Stan had come to him in February of 1951 Archived 2018-02-13 at the Wayback Machine American Institute of Physics interview with Richard Garwin by Ken Ford, dated December 2012
he was going to use first hydrodynamics and just the shockwaves and then neutron heating, which would have been a disaster. It would have blown it up before it got going. It was Teller who came up with the radiation. Archived 2021-02-23 at the Wayback Machine, American Institute of Physics interview with Marshall Rosenbluth by Kai-Henrik Barth, dated August 2003
4.4 Elements of Thermonuclear Weapon Design Archived March 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
Howard Morland, "Born Secret" Archived 2017-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, Cardozo Law Review, March 2005, pp. 1401–1408.
Kemp, Ted (3 September 2017). "North Korea hydrogen bomb: Read the full announcement from Pyongyang". CNBC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
"Israel's Nuclear Weapon Capability: An Overview". wisconsinproject.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-29. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
A 1976 drawing Archived April 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine which depicts an interstage that absorbs and re-radiates x-rays. From Howard Morland, "The Article", Archived March 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Cardozo Law Review, March 2005, p. 1374.
Ian Sample (6 March 2008). "Technical hitch delays renewal of nuclear warheads for Trident". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
"ArmsControlWonk: FOGBANK" Archived January 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, March 7, 2008. (Accessed 2010-04-06)
"SAND8.8 – 1151 Nuclear Weapon Data – Sigma I", Archived April 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Sandia Laboratories, September 1988.
The Greenpeace drawing. Archived March 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine From Morland, Cardozo Law Review, March 2005, p. 1378.
4.5 Thermonuclear Weapon Designs and Later Subsections Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
Operation Hardtack I Archived September 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
Operation Redwing Archived September 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
Barnaby, Frank (2012). The Role and Control of Weapons in the 1990s. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134901913. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists". Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. March 1991. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
SDI: Technology, survivability, and software. DIANE. ISBN 978-1428922679. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
Barnaby, Frank (2012). The Role and Control of Weapons in the 1990s. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134901913. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
Never say "never" Archived April 18, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Whyfiles.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.
Winterberg, Friedwardt (2010). The Release of Thermonuclear Energy by Inertial Confinement: Ways Towards Ignition. World Scientific. pp. 192–193. ISBN 978-9814295918. Archived from the original on 2021-08-05. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
Croddy, Eric A.; Wirtz, James J.; Larsen, Jeffrey, Eds. (2005). Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History. ABC-CLIO, Inc. p. 376. ISBN 978-1-85109-490-5. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Fission, Fusion and Staging". IERI. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-05-22..
The Air Force and Strategic Deterrence 1951–1960. USAF historical division Liaison Office by George F. Lemmer 1967, p. 13. Formerly restricted data Archived June 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
"2013 FOIA Log" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-10-06.
"Case No. FIC-15-0005" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-25. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
"A new use for nuclear weapons: hunting rogue asteroids A persistent campaign by weapons designers to develop a nuclear defense against extraterrestrial rocks slowly wins government support 2013". Center for Public Integrity. 2013-10-16. Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
Jason Mick (October 17, 2013). "The mother of all bombs would sit in wait in an orbitary platform". Archived from the original on October 9, 2014.
planetary defense workshop LLNL 1995
"Neutron bomb: Why 'clean' is deadly". BBC News. July 15, 1999. Archived from the original on April 7, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
Sanchez, Rene G.; Loaiza, David J.; Kimpland, Robert H.; Hayes, David K.; Cappiello, Charlene C.; Myers, William L.; Jaegers, Peter J.; Clement, Steven D.; Butterfield, Kenneth B. "Criticality of a ²³⁷Np Sphere" (PDF). Japanese Atomic Energy Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
Walter Goad, Declaration for the Wen Ho Lee case Archived March 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, May 17, 2000. Goad began thermonuclear weapon design work at Los Alamos in 1950. In his Declaration, he mentions "basic scientific problems of computability which cannot be solved by more computing power alone. These are typified by the problem of long range predictions of weather and climate, and extend to predictions of nuclear weapons behavior. This accounts for the fact that, after the enormous investment of effort over many years, weapons codes can still not be relied on for significantly new designs."
Hansen, Chuck (1995). Swords of Armageddon. Vol. IV. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
Hansen, Chuck (1995). Swords of Armageddon. Vol. III. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
Harvey, John R.; Michalowski, Stefan (1994). "Nuclear Weapons Safety:The Case of Trident" (PDF). Science & Global Security. 4 (3): 261–337. Bibcode:1994S&GS....4..261H. doi:10.1080/08929889408426405. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-16.

whyfiles.org

Never say "never" Archived April 18, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Whyfiles.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-01.

wikimedia.org

commons.wikimedia.org

"Improved Security, Safety & Manufacturability of the Reliable Replacement Warhead", NNSA March 2007.

wisconsinproject.org

"Israel's Nuclear Weapon Capability: An Overview". wisconsinproject.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-29. Retrieved 2016-10-03.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Rhodes, Richard (1986). The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 563. ISBN 0-671-44133-7. OCLC 13793436.
Grams, Jon (2021-06-06). "Ripple: An Investigation of the World's Most Advanced High-Yield Thermonuclear Weapon Design". Journal of Cold War Studies. 23 (2). The MIT Press: 133–161. ISSN 1531-3298. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
Pellaud, Bruno (2002-07-12). "Proliferation aspects of plutonium recycling" (PDF). Comptes Rendus. Physique. 3 (7–8). Cellule MathDoc/Centre Mersenne: 1067–1079. doi:10.1016/s1631-0705(02)01364-6. ISSN 1878-1535. Retrieved 2025-04-30.