Nutrient (English Wikipedia)

Ensminger AH (1994). Foods & nutrition encyclopedia. CRC Press. pp. 527–. ISBN 978-0-8493-8980-1. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
Vaughan JG, Geissler C, Nicholson B, Dowle E, Rice E (2009). The new Oxford book of food plants. Oxford University Press US. pp. 212–. ISBN 978-0-19-954946-7. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
Jones JB (1998). Plant nutrition manual. CRC Press. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-1-884015-31-1. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
Barker AV, Pilbeam DJ (2007). Handbook of plant nutrition. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8247-5904-9. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "choline". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Dec. 2013, https://www.britannica.com/science/choline. Accessed 17 February 2022.

colonrectal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"High-Fiber Diet - Colon & Rectal Surgery Associates". www.colonrectal.org. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-08-16.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Gernand, A. D; Schulze, K. J; Stewart, C. P; West Jr, K. P; Christian, P (2016). "Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy worldwide: Health effects and prevention". Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 12 (5): 274–289. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.37. PMC 4927329. PMID 27032981.
Tucker, K. L (2016). "Nutrient intake, nutritional status, and cognitive function with aging". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1367 (1): 38–49. Bibcode:2016NYASA1367...38T. doi:10.1111/nyas.13062. PMID 27116240.
Jéquier E, Constant F (February 2010). "Water as an essential nutrient: the physiological basis of hydration" (PDF). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64 (2): 115–23. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.111. PMID 19724292. S2CID 205129670.
Chipponi JX, Bleier JC, Santi MT, Rudman D (May 1982). "Deficiencies of essential and conditionally essential nutrients". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 35 (5 Suppl): 1112–6. doi:10.1093/ajcn/35.5.1112. PMID 6805293.
Carver J (2006). "Conditionally essential nutrients: choline, inositol, taurine, arginine, glutamine and nucleotides". In Thureen PJ, Hay WW (eds.). Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 299–311. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544712.020. ISBN 9780511544712.
Kendler BS (2006). "Supplemental conditionally essential nutrients in cardiovascular disease therapy". The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 21 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1097/00005082-200601000-00004. PMID 16407731. S2CID 28748412.
Young VR (August 1994). "Adult amino acid requirements: the case for a major revision in current recommendations" (PDF). The Journal of Nutrition. 124 (8 Suppl): 1517S–1523S. doi:10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1517S. PMID 8064412.
Brigelius-Flohé R, Traber MG (July 1999). "Vitamin E: function and metabolism". FASEB Journal. 13 (10): 1145–55. doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.10.1145. PMID 10385606. S2CID 7031925.
Zeisel, Steven H; da Costa, Kerry-Ann (November 1, 2009). "Choline: an essential nutrient for public health". Nutrition Reviews. 67 (11): 615–623. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x. PMC 2782876. PMID 19906248.
Vital M, Howe AC, Tiedje JM (April 2014). "Revealing the bacterial butyrate synthesis pathways by analyzing (meta)genomic data". mBio. 5 (2) e00889-14: e00889. doi:10.1128/mBio.00889-14. PMC 3994512. PMID 24757212.
Lupton JR (February 2004). "Microbial degradation products influence colon cancer risk: the butyrate controversy". The Journal of Nutrition. 134 (2): 479–82. doi:10.1093/jn/134.2.479. PMID 14747692.
Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT, Englyst HN (February 2001). "Prebiotic digestion and fermentation". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 73 (2 Suppl): 415S–420S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.2.415s. PMID 11157351.
Brownawell AM, Caers W, Gibson GR, Kendall CW, Lewis KD, Ringel Y, Slavin JL (May 2012). "Prebiotics and the health benefits of fiber: current regulatory status, future research, and goals". The Journal of Nutrition. 142 (5): 962–74. Bibcode:2012JNut..142..962B. doi:10.3945/jn.112.158147. PMID 22457389.
Campbell TC, Allison RG, Fisher KD (June 1981). "Nutrient toxicity". Nutrition Reviews. 39 (6): 249–56. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1981.tb07453.x. PMID 7312225.
Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds (2017). "Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes. What are dietary reference intakes?". Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Institute of Medicine, US National Academies of Science. pp. 21–22. doi:10.17226/9810. ISBN 978-0-309-06935-9. PMID 25077263. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

efsa.europa.eu

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels For Vitamins And Minerals (PDF), European Food Safety Authority, 2006
"Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies" (PDF). 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2017.

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

"Chapter 3: Calculation Of The Energy Content Of Foods – Energy Conversion Factors". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
"RECENT DATA ON ETHANOL CONTRIBUTION TO ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF NORMAL INDIVIDUALS. UPPER LIMIT OF ALCOHOL INTAKE". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2025-02-06.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

accessdata.fda.gov

"Nutrient content claims--general principles; 21CFR101.13". US Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2017. Archived from the original on September 14, 2003. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

hmdb.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

Choline. The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |website= ignored (help)

icmr.nic.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians: A Report of the Expert Group of the Indian Council of Medical Research. pp.283-295 (2009)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

libretexts.org (Global: 4,683^rd place; English: 3,565^th place)

bio.libretexts.org

"31.1C: Essential Nutrients for Plants". Biology LibreTexts. 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2020-08-16.

nationalacademies.org (Global: 5,043^rd place; English: 4,239^th place)

"Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)" (PDF). Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2018.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Jéquier E, Constant F (February 2010). "Water as an essential nutrient: the physiological basis of hydration" (PDF). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64 (2): 115–23. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.111. PMID 19724292. S2CID 205129670.

nibiohn.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2010) National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Japan

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gernand, A. D; Schulze, K. J; Stewart, C. P; West Jr, K. P; Christian, P (2016). "Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy worldwide: Health effects and prevention". Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 12 (5): 274–289. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.37. PMC 4927329. PMID 27032981.
Tucker, K. L (2016). "Nutrient intake, nutritional status, and cognitive function with aging". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1367 (1): 38–49. Bibcode:2016NYASA1367...38T. doi:10.1111/nyas.13062. PMID 27116240.
Jéquier E, Constant F (February 2010). "Water as an essential nutrient: the physiological basis of hydration" (PDF). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64 (2): 115–23. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.111. PMID 19724292. S2CID 205129670.
Chipponi JX, Bleier JC, Santi MT, Rudman D (May 1982). "Deficiencies of essential and conditionally essential nutrients". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 35 (5 Suppl): 1112–6. doi:10.1093/ajcn/35.5.1112. PMID 6805293.
Kendler BS (2006). "Supplemental conditionally essential nutrients in cardiovascular disease therapy". The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 21 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1097/00005082-200601000-00004. PMID 16407731. S2CID 28748412.
Young VR (August 1994). "Adult amino acid requirements: the case for a major revision in current recommendations" (PDF). The Journal of Nutrition. 124 (8 Suppl): 1517S–1523S. doi:10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1517S. PMID 8064412.
Brigelius-Flohé R, Traber MG (July 1999). "Vitamin E: function and metabolism". FASEB Journal. 13 (10): 1145–55. doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.10.1145. PMID 10385606. S2CID 7031925.
Zeisel, Steven H; da Costa, Kerry-Ann (November 1, 2009). "Choline: an essential nutrient for public health". Nutrition Reviews. 67 (11): 615–623. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x. PMC 2782876. PMID 19906248.
Vital M, Howe AC, Tiedje JM (April 2014). "Revealing the bacterial butyrate synthesis pathways by analyzing (meta)genomic data". mBio. 5 (2) e00889-14: e00889. doi:10.1128/mBio.00889-14. PMC 3994512. PMID 24757212.
Lupton JR (February 2004). "Microbial degradation products influence colon cancer risk: the butyrate controversy". The Journal of Nutrition. 134 (2): 479–82. doi:10.1093/jn/134.2.479. PMID 14747692.
Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT, Englyst HN (February 2001). "Prebiotic digestion and fermentation". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 73 (2 Suppl): 415S–420S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.2.415s. PMID 11157351.
Brownawell AM, Caers W, Gibson GR, Kendall CW, Lewis KD, Ringel Y, Slavin JL (May 2012). "Prebiotics and the health benefits of fiber: current regulatory status, future research, and goals". The Journal of Nutrition. 142 (5): 962–74. Bibcode:2012JNut..142..962B. doi:10.3945/jn.112.158147. PMID 22457389.
Lieber CS (29 September 2004). "Relationships between nutrition, alcohol use, and liver disease". Alcohol Research & Health. 27 (3): 220–31. PMC 6668875. PMID 15535450. Archived from the original on November 26, 2005. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
Campbell TC, Allison RG, Fisher KD (June 1981). "Nutrient toxicity". Nutrition Reviews. 39 (6): 249–56. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1981.tb07453.x. PMID 7312225.
Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds (2017). "Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes. What are dietary reference intakes?". Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Institute of Medicine, US National Academies of Science. pp. 21–22. doi:10.17226/9810. ISBN 978-0-309-06935-9. PMID 25077263. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gernand, A. D; Schulze, K. J; Stewart, C. P; West Jr, K. P; Christian, P (2016). "Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy worldwide: Health effects and prevention". Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 12 (5): 274–289. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.37. PMC 4927329. PMID 27032981.
Zeisel, Steven H; da Costa, Kerry-Ann (November 1, 2009). "Choline: an essential nutrient for public health". Nutrition Reviews. 67 (11): 615–623. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x. PMC 2782876. PMID 19906248.
Vital M, Howe AC, Tiedje JM (April 2014). "Revealing the bacterial butyrate synthesis pathways by analyzing (meta)genomic data". mBio. 5 (2) e00889-14: e00889. doi:10.1128/mBio.00889-14. PMC 3994512. PMID 24757212.
Lieber CS (29 September 2004). "Relationships between nutrition, alcohol use, and liver disease". Alcohol Research & Health. 27 (3): 220–31. PMC 6668875. PMID 15535450. Archived from the original on November 26, 2005. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds (2017). "Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes. What are dietary reference intakes?". Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Institute of Medicine, US National Academies of Science. pp. 21–22. doi:10.17226/9810. ISBN 978-0-309-06935-9. PMID 25077263. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

ods.od.nih.gov

"Choline". nih.gov. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved May 8, 2021.

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 305, Choline. Retrieved February 17, 2022 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Choline.

pubs.niaaa.nih.gov

Lieber CS (29 September 2004). "Relationships between nutrition, alcohol use, and liver disease". Alcohol Research & Health. 27 (3): 220–31. PMC 6668875. PMID 15535450. Archived from the original on November 26, 2005. Retrieved 2 January 2020.

nutraceuticalsworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gross P (1 March 2009). "New Roles for Polyphenols. A 3-Part Report on Current Regulations and the State of Science". Nutraceuticals World.

nutrition.org (Global: 9,827^th place; English: low place)

jn.nutrition.org

Young VR (August 1994). "Adult amino acid requirements: the case for a major revision in current recommendations" (PDF). The Journal of Nutrition. 124 (8 Suppl): 1517S–1523S. doi:10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1517S. PMID 8064412.

oregonstate.edu (Global: 2,217^th place; English: 1,359^th place)

lpi.oregonstate.edu

"Minerals". Corvallis, OR: Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
"Vitamins". Corvallis, OR: Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
"Vitamin D". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
"Choline". Micronutrient Information Center. Oregon State University. 28 April 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
"Phytochemicals". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. February 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
"Carotenoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. August 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. February 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Jéquier E, Constant F (February 2010). "Water as an essential nutrient: the physiological basis of hydration" (PDF). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64 (2): 115–23. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.111. PMID 19724292. S2CID 205129670.
Kendler BS (2006). "Supplemental conditionally essential nutrients in cardiovascular disease therapy". The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 21 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1097/00005082-200601000-00004. PMID 16407731. S2CID 28748412.
Brigelius-Flohé R, Traber MG (July 1999). "Vitamin E: function and metabolism". FASEB Journal. 13 (10): 1145–55. doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.10.1145. PMID 10385606. S2CID 7031925.

usda.gov (Global: 512^th place; English: 322^nd place)

ars.usda.gov

"Composition of Foods Raw, Processed, Prepared USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26 Documentation and User Guide" (PDF). USDA. August 2013. p. 14.
"Dietary Intakes of Choline" (PDF). usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
""What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2014"" (PDF).

fnic.nal.usda.gov

"Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements". Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.

utah.edu (Global: 2,766^th place; English: 1,555^th place)

library.med.utah.edu

"What is an essential nutrient?". NetBiochem Nutrition, University of Utah.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements". Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
"High-Fiber Diet - Colon & Rectal Surgery Associates". www.colonrectal.org. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
Lieber CS (29 September 2004). "Relationships between nutrition, alcohol use, and liver disease". Alcohol Research & Health. 27 (3): 220–31. PMC 6668875. PMID 15535450. Archived from the original on November 26, 2005. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
"Nutrient content claims--general principles; 21CFR101.13". US Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2017. Archived from the original on September 14, 2003. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
"Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)" (PDF). Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2018.
"Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians: A Report of the Expert Group of the Indian Council of Medical Research. pp.283-295 (2009)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
"Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies" (PDF). 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2017.

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

New Link in Chain of Life, Wall Street Journal, 2010-12-03, accessed 5 December 2010. "Until now, however, they were all thought to share the same biochemistry, based on the Big Six, to build proteins, fats, and DNA."

Nutrient (English Wikipedia)

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