O-type star (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "O-type star" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

17harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

17doi.org

2^nd place

16semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

15arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

1ucl.ac.uk

1,306^th place

885^th place

1rochester.edu

2,691^st place

1,948^th place

1nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

arxiv.org

Markova, N.; Puls, J.; Scuderi, S.; Simon-Diaz, S.; Herrero, A. (2011). "Spectroscopic and physical parameters of Galactic O-type stars. I. Effects of rotation and spectral resolving power in the spectral classification of dwarfs and giants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A11. arXiv:1103.3357. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A..11M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015956. S2CID 118686731.
Arias, Julia I.; Walborn, Nolan R.; Simón Díaz, Sergio; Barbá, Rodolfo H.; Maíz Apellániz, Jesús; Sabín-Sanjulián, Carolina; et al. (2016). "Spectral classification and properties of the OVz stars in the Galactic O Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS)". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 31. arXiv:1604.03842. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...31A. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/31. S2CID 119259952.
Maíz Apellániz, J.; Sota, A.; Arias, J.I.; Barbá, R.H.; Walborn, N.R.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Negueruela, I.; Marco, A.; Leã o, J.R.S.; Herrero, A.; Gamen, R.C.; Alfaro, E.J. (2016). "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). III. 142 additional O-type systems". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 224 (1): 4. arXiv:1602.01336. Bibcode:2016ApJS..224....4M. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/4. S2CID 55658165.
Weidner, Carsten; Vink, Jorick (2010). "The masses, and the mass discrepancy of O-type stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 524: A98. arXiv:1010.2204. Bibcode:2010A&A...524A..98W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014491. S2CID 118836634.
Aller, A.; Miranda, L.F.; Ulla, A.; Vázquez, R.; Guillén, P.F.; Olguín, L.; et al. (2013). "Detection of a multi-shell planetary nebula around the hot subdwarf O-type star 2MASS J19310888+4324577". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 552: A25. arXiv:1301.7210. Bibcode:2013A&A...552A..25A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219560. S2CID 59036773.
Meynet, G.; Maeder, A. (2003). "Stellar evolution with rotation". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 404 (3): 975–990. arXiv:astro-ph/0304069. Bibcode:2003A&A...404..975M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030512. S2CID 17546535.
Kroupa, Pavel; Weidner, Carsten; Pflamm-Altenburg, Jan; Thies, Ingo; Dabringhausen, Jörg; Marks, Michael; Maschberger, Thomas (2013). "The stellar and sub-stellar initial mass function of simple and composite populations". Planets, Stars, and Stellar Systems. pp. 115–242. arXiv:1112.3340. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5612-0_4. ISBN 978-94-007-5611-3. S2CID 204934137.
Yu, S.; Li, L. (2009). "Hot subdwarfs from the stable Roche lobe overflow channel". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 503 (1): 151. arXiv:0906.2316. Bibcode:2009A&A...503..151Y. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200809454. S2CID 15336878.
Pauwels, Tinne; Reggiani, Maddalena; Sana, Hugues; Mahy, Laurent (2024-09-24). "Low-mass stellar and substellar candidate companions around massive stars in Sco OB1 and M17". arXiv:2409.16212.
Landstreet, John D.; Bagnulo, Stefano; Fossati, Luca; Jordan, Stefan; O'Toole, Simon J. (2012). "The magnetic fields of hot subdwarf stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A100. arXiv:1203.6815. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.100L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219178. S2CID 118474970.
Dale, J.E.; et al. (2013). "Ionizing feedback from massive stars in massive clusters – III. Disruption of partially unbound clouds". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 430 (1): 234–246. arXiv:1212.2011. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.430..234D. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts592. S2CID 118480561.
Dale, K.V.; et al. (2008). "The effect of stellar winds on the formation of a protocluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (2): 2–13. arXiv:0808.1510. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391....2D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13802.x. S2CID 16227011.
Dekel, A.; Krumholz, M.R. (2013). "Steady outflows in giant clumps of high-z disc galaxies during migration and growth by accretion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (1): 455–467. arXiv:1302.4457. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432..455D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt480. S2CID 32488591.
Getman, K.V.; et al. (2009). "Protoplanetary disk evolution around the triggered star-forming region Cepheus B". Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1454–1472. arXiv:0904.4907. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1454G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1454. S2CID 18149231.
Getman, K. V.; et al. (2012). "The Elephant Trunk Nebula and the Trumpler 37 cluster: Contribution of triggered star formation to the total population of an H^II region". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 426 (4): 2917–2943. arXiv:1208.1471. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.426.2917G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21879.x. S2CID 49528100.

doi.org

Walborn, N.R.; Fitzpatrick, E.L. (1990). "Contemporary optical spectral classification of the OB stars – A digital atlas". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 102: 379. Bibcode:1990PASP..102..379W. doi:10.1086/132646. S2CID 122609922.
Walborn, N.R.; Howarth, I.D.; Lennon, D.J.; Massey, P.; Oey, M.S.; Moffat, A.F.J.; et al. (2002). "A new spectral classification system for the earliest O stars: Definition of type O2" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 123 (5): 2754. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2754W. doi:10.1086/339831. S2CID 122127697.
Markova, N.; Puls, J.; Scuderi, S.; Simon-Diaz, S.; Herrero, A. (2011). "Spectroscopic and physical parameters of Galactic O-type stars. I. Effects of rotation and spectral resolving power in the spectral classification of dwarfs and giants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A11. arXiv:1103.3357. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A..11M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015956. S2CID 118686731.
Arias, Julia I.; Walborn, Nolan R.; Simón Díaz, Sergio; Barbá, Rodolfo H.; Maíz Apellániz, Jesús; Sabín-Sanjulián, Carolina; et al. (2016). "Spectral classification and properties of the OVz stars in the Galactic O Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS)". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 31. arXiv:1604.03842. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...31A. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/31. S2CID 119259952.
Maíz Apellániz, J.; Sota, A.; Arias, J.I.; Barbá, R.H.; Walborn, N.R.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Negueruela, I.; Marco, A.; Leã o, J.R.S.; Herrero, A.; Gamen, R.C.; Alfaro, E.J. (2016). "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). III. 142 additional O-type systems". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 224 (1): 4. arXiv:1602.01336. Bibcode:2016ApJS..224....4M. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/4. S2CID 55658165.
Weidner, Carsten; Vink, Jorick (2010). "The masses, and the mass discrepancy of O-type stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 524: A98. arXiv:1010.2204. Bibcode:2010A&A...524A..98W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014491. S2CID 118836634.
Aller, A.; Miranda, L.F.; Ulla, A.; Vázquez, R.; Guillén, P.F.; Olguín, L.; et al. (2013). "Detection of a multi-shell planetary nebula around the hot subdwarf O-type star 2MASS J19310888+4324577". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 552: A25. arXiv:1301.7210. Bibcode:2013A&A...552A..25A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219560. S2CID 59036773.
Meynet, G.; Maeder, A. (2003). "Stellar evolution with rotation". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 404 (3): 975–990. arXiv:astro-ph/0304069. Bibcode:2003A&A...404..975M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030512. S2CID 17546535.
Walborn, N.R. (1971). "Some extremely early O stars near $η$ Carinae". The Astrophysical Journal. 167: L31. Bibcode:1971ApJ...167L..31W. doi:10.1086/180754.
Kroupa, Pavel; Weidner, Carsten; Pflamm-Altenburg, Jan; Thies, Ingo; Dabringhausen, Jörg; Marks, Michael; Maschberger, Thomas (2013). "The stellar and sub-stellar initial mass function of simple and composite populations". Planets, Stars, and Stellar Systems. pp. 115–242. arXiv:1112.3340. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5612-0_4. ISBN 978-94-007-5611-3. S2CID 204934137.
Yu, S.; Li, L. (2009). "Hot subdwarfs from the stable Roche lobe overflow channel". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 503 (1): 151. arXiv:0906.2316. Bibcode:2009A&A...503..151Y. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200809454. S2CID 15336878.
Landstreet, John D.; Bagnulo, Stefano; Fossati, Luca; Jordan, Stefan; O'Toole, Simon J. (2012). "The magnetic fields of hot subdwarf stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A100. arXiv:1203.6815. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.100L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219178. S2CID 118474970.
Dale, J.E.; et al. (2013). "Ionizing feedback from massive stars in massive clusters – III. Disruption of partially unbound clouds". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 430 (1): 234–246. arXiv:1212.2011. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.430..234D. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts592. S2CID 118480561.
Dale, K.V.; et al. (2008). "The effect of stellar winds on the formation of a protocluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (2): 2–13. arXiv:0808.1510. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391....2D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13802.x. S2CID 16227011.
Dekel, A.; Krumholz, M.R. (2013). "Steady outflows in giant clumps of high-z disc galaxies during migration and growth by accretion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (1): 455–467. arXiv:1302.4457. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432..455D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt480. S2CID 32488591.
Getman, K.V.; et al. (2009). "Protoplanetary disk evolution around the triggered star-forming region Cepheus B". Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1454–1472. arXiv:0904.4907. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1454G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1454. S2CID 18149231.
Getman, K. V.; et al. (2012). "The Elephant Trunk Nebula and the Trumpler 37 cluster: Contribution of triggered star formation to the total population of an H^II region". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 426 (4): 2917–2943. arXiv:1208.1471. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.426.2917G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21879.x. S2CID 49528100.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Walborn, N.R.; Fitzpatrick, E.L. (1990). "Contemporary optical spectral classification of the OB stars – A digital atlas". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 102: 379. Bibcode:1990PASP..102..379W. doi:10.1086/132646. S2CID 122609922.
Walborn, N.R.; Howarth, I.D.; Lennon, D.J.; Massey, P.; Oey, M.S.; Moffat, A.F.J.; et al. (2002). "A new spectral classification system for the earliest O stars: Definition of type O2" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 123 (5): 2754. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2754W. doi:10.1086/339831. S2CID 122127697.
Markova, N.; Puls, J.; Scuderi, S.; Simon-Diaz, S.; Herrero, A. (2011). "Spectroscopic and physical parameters of Galactic O-type stars. I. Effects of rotation and spectral resolving power in the spectral classification of dwarfs and giants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A11. arXiv:1103.3357. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A..11M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015956. S2CID 118686731.
Arias, Julia I.; Walborn, Nolan R.; Simón Díaz, Sergio; Barbá, Rodolfo H.; Maíz Apellániz, Jesús; Sabín-Sanjulián, Carolina; et al. (2016). "Spectral classification and properties of the OVz stars in the Galactic O Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS)". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 31. arXiv:1604.03842. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...31A. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/31. S2CID 119259952.
Maíz Apellániz, J.; Sota, A.; Arias, J.I.; Barbá, R.H.; Walborn, N.R.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Negueruela, I.; Marco, A.; Leã o, J.R.S.; Herrero, A.; Gamen, R.C.; Alfaro, E.J. (2016). "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). III. 142 additional O-type systems". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 224 (1): 4. arXiv:1602.01336. Bibcode:2016ApJS..224....4M. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/4. S2CID 55658165.
Weidner, Carsten; Vink, Jorick (2010). "The masses, and the mass discrepancy of O-type stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 524: A98. arXiv:1010.2204. Bibcode:2010A&A...524A..98W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014491. S2CID 118836634.
Aller, A.; Miranda, L.F.; Ulla, A.; Vázquez, R.; Guillén, P.F.; Olguín, L.; et al. (2013). "Detection of a multi-shell planetary nebula around the hot subdwarf O-type star 2MASS J19310888+4324577". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 552: A25. arXiv:1301.7210. Bibcode:2013A&A...552A..25A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219560. S2CID 59036773.
Meynet, G.; Maeder, A. (2003). "Stellar evolution with rotation". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 404 (3): 975–990. arXiv:astro-ph/0304069. Bibcode:2003A&A...404..975M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030512. S2CID 17546535.
Walborn, N.R. (1971). "Some extremely early O stars near $η$ Carinae". The Astrophysical Journal. 167: L31. Bibcode:1971ApJ...167L..31W. doi:10.1086/180754.
Yu, S.; Li, L. (2009). "Hot subdwarfs from the stable Roche lobe overflow channel". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 503 (1): 151. arXiv:0906.2316. Bibcode:2009A&A...503..151Y. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200809454. S2CID 15336878.
Ledrew, Glenn (February 2001). "The real starry sky". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 95: 32. Bibcode:2001JRASC..95...32L.
Landstreet, John D.; Bagnulo, Stefano; Fossati, Luca; Jordan, Stefan; O'Toole, Simon J. (2012). "The magnetic fields of hot subdwarf stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A100. arXiv:1203.6815. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.100L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219178. S2CID 118474970.
Dale, J.E.; et al. (2013). "Ionizing feedback from massive stars in massive clusters – III. Disruption of partially unbound clouds". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 430 (1): 234–246. arXiv:1212.2011. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.430..234D. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts592. S2CID 118480561.
Dale, K.V.; et al. (2008). "The effect of stellar winds on the formation of a protocluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (2): 2–13. arXiv:0808.1510. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391....2D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13802.x. S2CID 16227011.
Dekel, A.; Krumholz, M.R. (2013). "Steady outflows in giant clumps of high-z disc galaxies during migration and growth by accretion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (1): 455–467. arXiv:1302.4457. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432..455D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt480. S2CID 32488591.
Getman, K.V.; et al. (2009). "Protoplanetary disk evolution around the triggered star-forming region Cepheus B". Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1454–1472. arXiv:0904.4907. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1454G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1454. S2CID 18149231.
Getman, K. V.; et al. (2012). "The Elephant Trunk Nebula and the Trumpler 37 cluster: Contribution of triggered star formation to the total population of an H^II region". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 426 (4): 2917–2943. arXiv:1208.1471. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.426.2917G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21879.x. S2CID 49528100.

nasa.gov

science.nasa.gov

"Stars in an Exoplanet World - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-25.

rochester.edu

pas.rochester.edu

Mamajek, Eric (ed.). "Number densities of stars of different types in the solar vicinity" (faculty webpage). University of Rochester. Retrieved 2018-10-31.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Walborn, N.R.; Fitzpatrick, E.L. (1990). "Contemporary optical spectral classification of the OB stars – A digital atlas". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 102: 379. Bibcode:1990PASP..102..379W. doi:10.1086/132646. S2CID 122609922.
Walborn, N.R.; Howarth, I.D.; Lennon, D.J.; Massey, P.; Oey, M.S.; Moffat, A.F.J.; et al. (2002). "A new spectral classification system for the earliest O stars: Definition of type O2" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 123 (5): 2754. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2754W. doi:10.1086/339831. S2CID 122127697.
Markova, N.; Puls, J.; Scuderi, S.; Simon-Diaz, S.; Herrero, A. (2011). "Spectroscopic and physical parameters of Galactic O-type stars. I. Effects of rotation and spectral resolving power in the spectral classification of dwarfs and giants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A11. arXiv:1103.3357. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A..11M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015956. S2CID 118686731.
Arias, Julia I.; Walborn, Nolan R.; Simón Díaz, Sergio; Barbá, Rodolfo H.; Maíz Apellániz, Jesús; Sabín-Sanjulián, Carolina; et al. (2016). "Spectral classification and properties of the OVz stars in the Galactic O Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS)". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 31. arXiv:1604.03842. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...31A. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/31. S2CID 119259952.
Maíz Apellániz, J.; Sota, A.; Arias, J.I.; Barbá, R.H.; Walborn, N.R.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Negueruela, I.; Marco, A.; Leã o, J.R.S.; Herrero, A.; Gamen, R.C.; Alfaro, E.J. (2016). "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). III. 142 additional O-type systems". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 224 (1): 4. arXiv:1602.01336. Bibcode:2016ApJS..224....4M. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/4. S2CID 55658165.
Weidner, Carsten; Vink, Jorick (2010). "The masses, and the mass discrepancy of O-type stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 524: A98. arXiv:1010.2204. Bibcode:2010A&A...524A..98W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014491. S2CID 118836634.
Aller, A.; Miranda, L.F.; Ulla, A.; Vázquez, R.; Guillén, P.F.; Olguín, L.; et al. (2013). "Detection of a multi-shell planetary nebula around the hot subdwarf O-type star 2MASS J19310888+4324577". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 552: A25. arXiv:1301.7210. Bibcode:2013A&A...552A..25A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219560. S2CID 59036773.
Meynet, G.; Maeder, A. (2003). "Stellar evolution with rotation". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 404 (3): 975–990. arXiv:astro-ph/0304069. Bibcode:2003A&A...404..975M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030512. S2CID 17546535.
Kroupa, Pavel; Weidner, Carsten; Pflamm-Altenburg, Jan; Thies, Ingo; Dabringhausen, Jörg; Marks, Michael; Maschberger, Thomas (2013). "The stellar and sub-stellar initial mass function of simple and composite populations". Planets, Stars, and Stellar Systems. pp. 115–242. arXiv:1112.3340. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5612-0_4. ISBN 978-94-007-5611-3. S2CID 204934137.
Yu, S.; Li, L. (2009). "Hot subdwarfs from the stable Roche lobe overflow channel". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 503 (1): 151. arXiv:0906.2316. Bibcode:2009A&A...503..151Y. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200809454. S2CID 15336878.
Landstreet, John D.; Bagnulo, Stefano; Fossati, Luca; Jordan, Stefan; O'Toole, Simon J. (2012). "The magnetic fields of hot subdwarf stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A100. arXiv:1203.6815. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.100L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219178. S2CID 118474970.
Dale, J.E.; et al. (2013). "Ionizing feedback from massive stars in massive clusters – III. Disruption of partially unbound clouds". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 430 (1): 234–246. arXiv:1212.2011. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.430..234D. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts592. S2CID 118480561.
Dale, K.V.; et al. (2008). "The effect of stellar winds on the formation of a protocluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (2): 2–13. arXiv:0808.1510. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391....2D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13802.x. S2CID 16227011.
Dekel, A.; Krumholz, M.R. (2013). "Steady outflows in giant clumps of high-z disc galaxies during migration and growth by accretion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (1): 455–467. arXiv:1302.4457. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432..455D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt480. S2CID 32488591.
Getman, K.V.; et al. (2009). "Protoplanetary disk evolution around the triggered star-forming region Cepheus B". Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1454–1472. arXiv:0904.4907. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1454G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1454. S2CID 18149231.
Getman, K. V.; et al. (2012). "The Elephant Trunk Nebula and the Trumpler 37 cluster: Contribution of triggered star formation to the total population of an H^II region". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 426 (4): 2917–2943. arXiv:1208.1471. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.426.2917G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21879.x. S2CID 49528100.

ucl.ac.uk

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

Walborn, N.R.; Howarth, I.D.; Lennon, D.J.; Massey, P.; Oey, M.S.; Moffat, A.F.J.; et al. (2002). "A new spectral classification system for the earliest O stars: Definition of type O2" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 123 (5): 2754. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2754W. doi:10.1086/339831. S2CID 122127697.