Observance of Christmas by country (English Wikipedia)

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"Welsh Christmas Carols – The Plygain Tradition". All About Wales. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016.

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Hart Dowd. "Christmas Traditions and Holiday Cookies". allhomemadecookies.com. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.

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"Lebanon Public Holidays | AME Info Country Guide | AMEinfo.com". Archived from the original on July 3, 2003. Retrieved February 22, 2014.

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Christmas in Scotland: Christmas Around the World. World Book. 2001. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7166-0860-8.

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"Nativity and Theophany of Our Lord "Overview"". www.armenianchurch-ed.net. Armenian Church. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014. Retrieved November 6, 2014.

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"Christmas in Tashkent after the wounds of Soviet atheism". PIME. December 23, 2004. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
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australiantimes.co.uk

"10 greatest ever Australian Christmas songs". Australian Times News. December 13, 2018. Retrieved December 26, 2018.

austria.info

"Christmas Season in Austria". austria.info. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

bbc.co.uk

"Christmas Day TV: Queen's message wins TV ratings battle". BBC News. December 26, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2018.

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(in Ukrainian) "Рада зробила 25 грудня вихідним днем". BBC Україна. November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
"Goodwill theme to Queen's Christmas address". BBC News. December 24, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018.

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Wildman, Kim; Briggs, Philip (2012). Ethiopia. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 33. ISBN 9781841624143.
Margo Kirtikar (2011). Once Upon a Time in Baghdad. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781456853761.
Ball, Ann (2003). Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. pp. 271–. ISBN 9780879739102. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
Facaros, Dana; Pauls, Michael (January 1, 2004). Italy. Cadogan Guides. ISBN 9781860111136. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
Davis, Karen (2001). More than a meal: the turkey in history, myth, ritual, and reality. Lantern Books. ISBN 9781930051881.
Houston, Rab; Houston, Robert Allan (2008). Scotland: a very short introduction. Very short introductions. Vol. 197. Oxford University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-19-923079-2. Retrieved December 4, 2011.

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(in Indonesian) Sensus Penduduk 2010:Penduduk Indonesia Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut Badan Pusat Statistik. Accessed December 15, 2014.

buzzle.com

"History of Christmas Traditions – Italy". Buzzle.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

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"Christmas Day (Public Holiday)". Cape Town Magazine. Retrieved December 26, 2012.

cardstore.com

"How is Christmas Celebrated Around the World". CardStore.com. Retrieved November 19, 2013.

cbc.ca

"Queen reflects on past year's tragedies, family in Christmas message". CBC News. Retrieved December 24, 2018.

celebratingchristmas.co.uk

"Christmas in Taiwan". celebratingchristmas.co.uk. Retrieved January 2, 2022.

censusindia.gov.in

"Census of India – India at a Glance: Religious Compositions". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved December 4, 2009.

chaldeannews.com

"Christmas Traditions". Archived from the original on December 7, 2014.

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Christmas in Canada^{[dead link]}, The Canadian Encyclopedia

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"Irish Christmas Traditions". ChristmasinDublin.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2003. Retrieved December 21, 2009.

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Tajerian, Ardem A. "When Is Easter This Year?". ChurchArmenia.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2014.

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Armenian Christmas in Bethlehem Archived 25 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Christian Media Center of the Custody of the Holy Land, 21 January 2020. Accessed 24 December 2022.

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"With food, drink and candles, Sweden embraces Christmas". Archived from the original on April 8, 2009. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

colombiaaprende.edu.co

"Colombia Aprende – A jugar aguinaldos". Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

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"A very furry Christmas". Contracostatimes.com. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

deseretnews.com

Peterson, Jeffrey (December 23, 2010). "Telling ghost stories is a lost tradition on Christmas Eve". Deseret News.

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"Ukraine seeks distance from Moscow with new Christmas holiday". m.digitaljournal.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2017.

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bern.diplo.de

"Deutsche Botschaft Bern". Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2014.

doi.org

Johnston, Derek (2018). "Christmas television". Journal of Popular Television, the. 6: 81–84. doi:10.1386/jptv.6.1.81_1.
Ross, Anthony (Autumn 1959). "Reformation and Repression". The Innes Review. 10 (2). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press: 338–381. doi:10.3366/inr.1959.10.2.338. ISSN 0020-157X.

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"Why Christmas is such a big holiday in Iraq – DW – 12/23/2021". dw.com. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
Tania Kraemer for Deutsche Welle, 23 December 2022. Bethlehem is ready for its long Christmas season Archived 25 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 24 December 2022.

elobservador.com.uy

"¿Cuando se arma el arbolito de Navidad en Uruguay y por qué?". El Observador. December 1, 2022. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
"La historia del vitel toné: el plato navideño que de a poco se olvida en su tierra". January 29, 2022. Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
"Transporte, shopping y oficinas públicas: así funcionarán en Nochebuena, Navidad y Año Nuevo". El Observador. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

elpais.com

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Palomo, Elvira (December 27, 2013). "En el Uruguay laico, la Navidad es el 'Día de la familia' | Internacional | EL PAÍS". El País. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

elpais.com.uy

ElPais (December 6, 2019). "Una guía para visitar algunas de las ferias navideñas en Montevideo". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2022.
ElPais (November 26, 2020). "Los shoppings aguardan la visita remota de Papá Noel". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2022.

encyclopedia.com

"Christmas". www.encyclopedia.com.

etimoitaliano.it

"Natale, origine del nome". Etimo Italiano (in Italian). Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2021.

eurasianet.org

"Uzbekistan: To New Year or not to New Year?". Eurasianet. December 31, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2022.

finland.fi

"Christmas in Finland". Retrieved September 25, 2014.

focustaiwan.tw

"Global travel agency touts Taiwan hotspots for Christmas photos". Focus Taiwan. December 23, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2022.

foodtimeline.org

Olver, Lynne. "The Food Timeline: Christmas food history". The Food Timeline. Retrieved December 14, 2013.

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"Yahoo | Mail, Weather, Search, Politics, News, Finance, Sports & Videos". October 27, 2009. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

ghostarchive.org

Kinder, Lucy (December 26, 2013). "Why do we celebrate Boxing Day?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved December 27, 2019.

goarch.org

"Hymns of the Feast". Feast of the Nativity of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. 2009.

gomolo.com

"Badaa Din, Indian Christmas movie". gomolo.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

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"Encyclopedia_Of_Christmas". www.goodreads.com.

gov.jm

jis.gov.jm

"Jamaican Christmas" (PDF). Jamaica Information Service. Retrieved April 15, 2023.

headtopics.com

"Sabah leaders to host Christmas open houses after two years". December 24, 2022.

heraldsun.com.au

"Christmas 2018: Peter Casey prepares for final Carols By Candlelight". Herald Sun. Retrieved December 26, 2018.

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李慧妍 (December 2, 2016). "中環15米高巨型聖誕樹亮燈把情人心「鎖」在樹下". 香港01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved May 1, 2020.
胡家欣 (December 7, 2017). "港鐵冬至起增列車服務班次平安夜、除夕通宵行駛". 香港01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved May 1, 2020.

hkfastfacts.com

"Hong Kong: Christmas". Hkfastfacts.com. March 6, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

huffingtonpost.ca

"Canada Post's Santa Mail Expecting 20 Millionth Letter Soon". The Huffington Post. December 3, 2011. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

icons.org.uk

"Christmas pudding: Icons of England". Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

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Monica Cresci (December 20, 2022). "Sicilia: la tradizione del fuoco di Natale". Il Giornale. Retrieved August 6, 2023.

imdb.com

"From All of Us to All of You". IMDb. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
"From All of Us to All of You". IMDb. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

independent.co.uk

"Cuba ends its 30-year ban on Christmas". The Independent.
Alexander Sehmer (December 22, 2015). "Brunei bans Christmas: Sultan warns those celebrating could face up to five years in jail". The Independent. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
"Surfing Santas set new world record in Australia". The Independent. December 16, 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2018.

india.gov.in

"Calendar| National Portal of India". www.india.gov.in. Retrieved November 8, 2023.

indobase.com

"Christmas in bulgaria". Indobase.

info.gov.za

"Public holidays". Government Communication and Information Service. Archived from the original on November 1, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2012.

insidearabia.com

Rincon, Selena (December 24, 2021). "Celebrating Christmas Throughout the Middle East". Inside Arabia. Retrieved November 30, 2022.

intellectdiscover.com

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iranicaonline.org

Encyclopedia Iranica (2012). "FESTIVALS ix.Assyrian".

ismedia.jp

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Horii, Ken'ichiro (October 10, 2016). クリスマスはこうして「日本化」していった〜明治末の脱キリスト (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved January 11, 2020.

japantoday.com

Whipp, Lindsay (December 19, 2010). "All Japan wants for Christmas is Kentucky Fried Chicken". Japan Today. Retrieved July 23, 2012.

jcu.edu

"Hungarian Heritage Museum". Archived from the original on August 15, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.

jurnalul.ro

(in Romanian) Ignat, sărbătoare insăngerată Archived November 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, December 22, 2007

lacucinaitaliana.it

"La triade golosa del Natale italiano: cappone, abbacchio e capitone". lacucinaitaliana.it (in Italian). December 19, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2022.

laicismo.org

"Uruguay: Una Navidad al aire libre – El Observatorio del laicismo". May 26, 2022. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

lasexta.com

"Navidad veraniega en Uruguay". www.lasexta.com (in Spanish). November 21, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

lifeasahuman.com

"Mummering in Nova Scotia". LIFE AS A HUMAN. June 24, 2010. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

livinginthephilippines.com

"Christmas in the Philippines". Archived from the original on December 28, 2007. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

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"How Christmas Started in China – LoveToKnow Christmas". Christmas.lovetoknow.com. October 27, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2009.

malaysiakini.com

"Rev Lim: Excluding carols with Jesus' name is scandalous". Malaysiakini.com. December 11, 2004. Retrieved December 4, 2009.

mein-italien.info

"Natale (italienische Weihnachten)". Mein Italien (in German). Archived from the original on April 28, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2021.

merry-christmas-guide.com

"Sweet Memories of Christmas from the heart of a Hindu who loves the joyful spirit of Christmas". Merry-Christmas-Guide.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2014.

monarchie.be

"Discours de Sa Majesté le Roi à l'occasion de Noël et du Nouvel An | La Monarchie belge". The Belgian Monarchy (in French). Retrieved January 4, 2024.

msichicago.org

"Holiday Traditions | Lebanon". Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago). Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.

msn.com

encarta.msn.com

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nationalpost.com

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Kenyon Wallace (December 22, 2010). "Santa Claus a Canadian, Immigration Minister Confirms". National Post. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

nba.com

"Finals rematch on Christmas highlights 2015–16 schedule". NBA.com. Retrieved December 25, 2016.

newindianexpress.com

"With Christmas around the corner, Indian cities soak in the festive cheer". The New Indian Express. December 20, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2023.

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hk.apple.nextmedia.com

"boxing day=拆禮物錯晒！". Apple Daily 蘋果日報. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2020.

nst.com.my

"Alcohol sale ban: An infringement to Sabah, Sarawak's cultural rights | New Straits Times". Retrieved April 1, 2023.

ntpc.gov.tw

christmasland.ntpc.gov.tw

"2021 Christmasland in New Taipei City". New Taipei City Government. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2022.

nzhistory.net.nz

"Pohutukawa trees". Ministry of Culture and Heritage (New Zealand). Retrieved September 6, 2012.

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the-sun.on.cc

"亞洲過聖誕香港最好feel – 太陽報". the-sun.on.cc. Retrieved May 1, 2020.

orientaldaily.on.cc

"平安夜停北上南下開半日". 東方日報 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved May 1, 2020.

ottawacitizen.com

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Canadian Christmas Region by Region Archived November 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Ottawa Citizen, November 26, 2011, Retrieved November 18, 2012

peninsulakids.com.au

"Melbourne Christmas city". Mornington Peninsula Kids. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

persecution.org

SEAsia, R. M. (December 31, 2021). "Montagnard Christians' Christmas Celebration Disrupted by the Police". International Christian Concern. Retrieved November 30, 2022.

pmkamsterdam.nl

"Boże Narodzenie i polskie tradycje". Archived from the original on January 7, 2008. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

pri.org

"Badaa Din". Public Radio International. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

projectbritain.com

"Christmas dinner". Retrieved September 25, 2014.
"Project Britain Christmas". Retrieved September 25, 2014.

przewodnik-katolicki.pl

Rev. Jacek Kędzierski. "Pasterka przed północą... (Pasterka before midnight)". Przewodnik Katolicki 02/2009 (Catholic Guide) (in Polish). Drukarnia i Księgarnia św. Wojciecha. Archived from the original on December 27, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.

publicholidays.asia

"Christmas 2023, 2024 and 2025 in Brunei Darussalam". PublicHolidays.asia. Retrieved December 26, 2023.

ricksteves.com

Steves, Rick. "Rick Steves' Europe: Epiphany in Europe: Sweetness to share". RickSteves.com. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

santas.net

"Christmas in Mexico". Santas.net. Australian Media Pty Ltd. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
"Christmas in Hong Kong: Around the World at Santa's Net". Santas.net. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
"Bulgarian Christmas". Retrieved September 25, 2014.
"Scottish Christmas". Retrieved September 25, 2014.

sch.uk

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"British Christmas: introduction, food, customs". Woodlands-Junior.Kent.sch.uk. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014.

sfgate.com

"Senegal celebrates Christmas, popular holiday in Muslim nation". SFGATE. December 24, 2015. Retrieved November 30, 2022.

sicilianculture.com

"Food: Italian Christmas Eve Fish Dinner". Sicilian Culture. December 25, 2002. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

slate.com

Jeremy Stahl (December 22, 2009). "Nordic Quack: Sweden's bizarre tradition of watching Donald Duck cartoons on Christmas Eve". Slate. Archived from the original on September 7, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2009. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, you can't to do anything else, because Sweden is closed

smh.com.au

Vincent, Peter (December 21, 2014). "Christine Anu: Where is all the Australian Christmas music?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
McManus, Bridget (December 22, 2018). "Monday Picks: Vision Australia's Carols by Candlelight, Donna Hay, and more". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved December 26, 2018.

southeasternrailway.co.uk

"Christmas and New Year 2016-7 | Southeastern". www.southeasternrailway.co.uk. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.

southwesttrains.co.uk

"Christmas and New Year Timetable 2016–2017" (PDF). South West Trains. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.

state.gov

"2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Uzbekistan". United States Department of State. Retrieved October 21, 2022.

stnicholascenter.org

"St. Nicholas Around the World: Hungary". Retrieved December 2, 2013.

stoneagetour.com

"Leddet (Ethiopian Christmas)". Retrieved April 1, 2023.

telegraph.co.uk

Kinder, Lucy (December 26, 2013). "Why do we celebrate Boxing Day?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved December 27, 2019.

thechronicleherald.ca

"Mummers fest just part of rocking Yuletide". The Chronicle Herald. Retrieved September 25, 2014.

theconversation.com

Johnston, Derek (December 15, 2014). "Why ghosts haunt England at Christmas but steer clear of America". The Conversation.

theguardian.com

Kennedy, Maev (October 30, 2016). "Rail passengers face less than merry Christmas with travel disruptions". The Guardian. Retrieved December 12, 2016.

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Nugroho, ID; Febrina, Anissa S. (December 30, 2009). "Christmas celebrations, the Indonesian way". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved June 11, 2023.

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"Sabah promises grander Xmas celebration this year".

thestreet.com

Notte, Jason (November 9, 2011). "Why All-Christmas Radio Keeps Coming Early". TheStreet.com. Retrieved November 21, 2011.

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vancouver.ca

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"Christmas in Singapore". VisitSingapore.com. November 11, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

voanews.com

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walksofitaly.com

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"¿Cuando se arma el arbolito de Navidad en Uruguay y por qué?". El Observador. December 1, 2022. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
"La historia del vitel toné: el plato navideño que de a poco se olvida en su tierra". January 29, 2022. Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
"Uruguay: Una Navidad al aire libre – El Observatorio del laicismo". May 26, 2022. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
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"2021 Christmasland in New Taipei City". New Taipei City Government. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
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Golby J. & Purdue A. W. (2000). The Making of the Modern Christmas. Sutton. p. 104. ISBN 0750921366. OCLC 59556424.
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