Occupation of Poland (1939–1945) (English Wikipedia)

CFCA (2013). "Holocaust". The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism. Archived from the original on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014. From diary of Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, dated 12 December 1941.

archive.org

Burleigh, Michael; Wippermann, Wolfgang (1991). The racial state: Germany, 1933–1945. Cambridge University Press. pp. (337–). ISBN 978-0-521-39802-2.

archive.today

"Hitler's War; Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe". 27 May 2012. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012.

bialorus.pl

Wierzbicki, Marek (2003). "Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką (1939–1941)" [Polish-Belarusian relations under Soviet occupation (1939–1941)]. Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne (in Polish). 20. НА СТАРОНКАХ КАМУНІКАТУ, Biełaruski histaryczny zbornik: 186–188. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2007.

books.google.com

Piotrowski 1998, p. 295. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4.
Sellars 2013, p. 145. Sellars, Kirsten (2013). 'Crimes Against Peace' and International Law. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02884-5.
Leslie 1980, p. 216. Leslie, R. F. (1980). The History of Poland Since 1863. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27501-9.
Prete & Ion 1984, pp. 135–138. Prete, Roy A.; Ion, A. Hamish (1984). Armies of Occupation. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-88920-156-9.
Lerski 1996, p. 158. Lerski, Jerzy Jan (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
Teich, Kováč & Brown 2011, p. 195. Teich, Mikuláš; Kováč, Dušan; Brown, Martin D. (2011). Slovakia in History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49494-6.
Trela-Mazur 1998, pp. 43, 294: Among the population of Eastern territories were circa 38% Poles, 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans." Trela-Mazur, Elżbieta (1998) [1997]. Bonusiak, Włodzimierz; Ciesielski, Stanisław Jan; Mańkowski, Zygmunt; Iwanow, Mikołaj (eds.). Sowietyzacja oświaty w Małopolsce Wschodniej pod radziecką okupacją 1939–1941 [Sovietization of educational system in the eastern part of Lesser Poland under the Soviet occupation, 1939–1941] (in Polish). Kielce: Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Jana Kochanowskiego. pp. 43, 294. ISBN 83-7133-100-2.
Trela-Mazur 1998, pp. 43, 294. Trela-Mazur, Elżbieta (1998) [1997]. Bonusiak, Włodzimierz; Ciesielski, Stanisław Jan; Mańkowski, Zygmunt; Iwanow, Mikołaj (eds.). Sowietyzacja oświaty w Małopolsce Wschodniej pod radziecką okupacją 1939–1941 [Sovietization of educational system in the eastern part of Lesser Poland under the Soviet occupation, 1939–1941] (in Polish). Kielce: Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Jana Kochanowskiego. pp. 43, 294. ISBN 83-7133-100-2.
Sanford, George (7 May 2007). Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice and Memory. Routledge. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-134-30299-4.
Barkan, Cole & Struve 2007, p. 155. Barkan, Elazar; Cole, Elizabeth A.; Struve, Kai (2007). Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland, 1939–1941. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-86583-240-5.
Chapoutot 2018, pp. 326–330. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Wolff 2003, pp. 47–48. Wolff, Stefan (2003). The German Question Since 1919: An Analysis with Key Documents. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97269-1.
Niewyk & Nicosia 2013, p. 276. Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis R. (13 August 2013). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-52878-8.
Chapoutot 2018, p. 349-352. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Chapoutot 2018, p. 331: "The Nazis' intent was to maintain the Polish population in a state of such cultural backwardness that they would never have the capacity to gain any self-awareness, any comprehension of their identity or their condition, or any understanding that they would, over the mid- and long-term, be exploited like livestock to serve German economic needs." Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Dobroszycki, Lucjan; Gurock, Jeffrey S. (1 January 1993). The Holocaust in the Soviet Union: Studies and Sources on the Destruction of the Jews in the Nazi-Occupied Territories of the USSR, 1941–1945. M.E. Sharpe. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-56324-173-4. General Plan Ost, which provided for the liquidation of the Slavic peoples
Fritz 2011, p. 158: Since the ultimate destination of those who would be displaced remained unclear, "natural wastage" on a vast scale must have been assumed, so genocide was implicit in Generalplan Ost from the very beginning Fritz, Stephen G. (13 September 2011). Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-4050-6.
Geyer 2009, pp. 152–153. Geyer, Michael (2009). Beyond Totalitarianism: Stalinism and Nazism Compared. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89796-9.
Fritz 2011, p. 158. Fritz, Stephen G. (13 September 2011). Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-4050-6.
Poprzeczny 2004, pp. 3, 186–187. Poprzeczny, Joseph (19 February 2004). Odilo Globocnik, Hitler's Man in the East. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-8146-0.
Buttar 2013, pp. 59–60. Buttar, Prit (21 May 2013). Between Giants: The Battle for the Baltics in World War II. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0288-0.
Eley 2013, p. 189. Eley, Geoff (29 May 2013). Nazism as Fascism: Violence, Ideology, and the Ground of Consent in Germany 1930–1945. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-04481-7.
Chapoutot 2018, pp. 372–377. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Ferencz 2002, pp. 24–25. Ferencz, Benjamin B. (2002). Less Than Slaves: Jewish Forced Labor and the Quest for Compensation. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21530-7.
Chapoutot 2018, pp. 356–357. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Chapoutot 2018, pp. 357–358. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Chapoutot 2018, pp. 357. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Merten, Ulrich (15 August 2013). Forgotten Voices: The Expulsion of the Germans from Eastern Europe after World War II. Transaction Publishers. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-1-4128-5258-6.
Piotrowski 1998, p. 22. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4.
Rubenstein & Roth 2003, pp. 195–196. Rubenstein, Richard L.; Roth, John K. (2003). Approaches to Auschwitz: The Holocaust and Its Legacy. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22353-3.
Noble et al. 2007, p. 880. Noble, Thomas F. X.; Strauss, Barry; Osheim, Duane; Neuschel, Kristen; Accampo, Elinor (2007). Western Civilization: Beyond Boundaries, Volume II: Since 1560. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-111-80948-5.
Fox, Elaine Saphier (31 August 2013). Out of Chaos: Hidden Children Remember the Holocaust. Northwestern University Press. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-8101-6661-5.
Chapoutot 2018, p. 333. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Chapoutot 2018, p. 331. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660434.
Matthäus, Jürgen; Böhler, Jochen; Mallmann, Klaus-Michael (2014). War, Pacification, and Mass Murder, 1939: The Einsatzgruppen in Poland. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1442231412.
Rapta, Tupta & Moskal 2009, p. 104. Rapta, Michał; Tupta, Wojciech; Moskal, Grzegorz (2009). Mroczne sekrety willi "Tereska": 1939–1945 [The dark secrets of the "Tereska" villa: 1939–1945]. Historia Rabki. ISBN 978-83-60817-33-9.
Prybyla 2010, pp. 133, 136. Prybyla, Jan S. (2010). When Angels Wept: The Rebirth and Dismemberment of Poland and Her People in the Early Decades of the Twentieth Century. Wheatmark, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60494-325-2.
Rozett & Spector 2013, p. 101. Rozett, Dr Robert; Spector, Dr Shmuel (26 November 2013). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-96950-9.
Polish Western Affairs. Instytut Zachodni. 1989. p. 48.
Alma Mater (in Polish). Alma Mater, Issue 64. November 2004. p. 46.
Knuth, Rebecca (2003). Libricide: The Regime-Sponsored Destruction of Books and Libraries in the Twentieth Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-275-98088-7. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
Salmonowicz, Stanisław (1994). Polskie Państwo Podziemne: z dziejów walki cywilnej, 1939–45. Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. ISBN 978-83-02-05500-3., p. 37-46.
Jones, Adam (27 September 2006). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-134-25980-9.
Piotrowski 1998, p. 305. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4.
Niewyk & Nicosia 2013, p. 114. Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis R. (13 August 2013). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-52878-8.
Piotrowski 1998, pp. 177–259: How are we ... to explain the phenomenon of Ukrainians rejoicing and collaborating with the Soviets? Who were these Ukrainians? That they were Ukrainians is certain, but were they communists, Nationalists, unattached peasants? The Answer is "yes" – they were all three" Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4.
Militargeschichtliches Forschungsamt; Schramm, Gottfried (1997). Wegner, Bernd (ed.). From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia and the World, 1939–1941. Berghahn Books. pp. 47–79. ISBN 1-57181-882-0.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Sanford, p. 20–24.
Sanford, p. 127; Martin Dean Collaboration in the Holocaust. Retrieved 15 July 2007.
Stachura, p.132.
Stanton Russell 2001, pp. 308–315. Stanton Russell, Sharon (2001). "Stalinist Forced Relocation Policies". In Weiner, Myron (ed.). Demography and National Security. Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-339-X.
Parrish 1996, pp. 99–101. Parrish, Michael (1996). The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939–1953. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-95113-8.
Kravchenko, Victor A. (1988). I Chose Justice. Transaction Publishers. p. 310. ISBN 0-88738-756-X.
The actual number of deported in the period of 1939–1941 remains unknown and various estimates vary from 350,000 (in Polish) Encyklopedia PWN 'Okupacja Sowiecka w Polsce 1939–41' Archived 20 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine, last retrieved on 14 March 2006, Polish language) to over two million (mostly World War II estimates by the underground). The earlier number is based on records made by the NKVD and does not include roughly 180,000 prisoners of war, also in Soviet captivity. Most modern historians estimate the number of all people deported from areas taken by the Soviet Union during this period at between 800,000 and 1,500,000. For example R. J. Rummel gives the number of 1,200,000, Tony Kushner and Katharine Knox give 1,500,000 in their Refugees in an Age of Genocide, p.219; in his Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917, p.132. See also: Marek Wierzbicki; Tadeusz M. Płużański (March 2001). "Wybiórcze traktowanie źródeł". Tygodnik Solidarność (2 March 2001). Głowacki, Albin (September 2003). "Formy, skala i konsekwencje sowieckich represji wobec Polaków w latach 1939–1941". In Piotr Chmielowiec (ed.). Okupacja sowiecka ziem polskich 1939–1941 (in Polish). Rzeszów-Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. ISBN 83-89078-78-3. Archived from the original on 3 October 2003.
Wegner, Bernd (1997). From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the World, 1939–1941. p. 78. ISBN 1-57181-882-0.
Gitelman, Zvi (2001). A Century of Ambivalence: The Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present. Indiana University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-253-21418-1.

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Szarota & Materski 2009. Szarota, Tomasz; Materski, Wojciech, eds. (2009). Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami [Poland 1939–1945. Personal losses and victims of repression under two occupations]. ISBN 978-83-7629-067-6. (Introduction reproduced here Archived 1 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine)

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"1939 wrzesień 17, Moskwa Nota rządu sowieckiego nie przyjęta przez ambasadora Wacława Grzybowskiego" [Note of the Soviet government to the Polish government on 17 September 1939, refused by Polish ambassador Wacław Grzybowski] (in Polish). Retrieved 15 November 2006.

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"Śledztwo w sprawie zabójstwa w dniu 22 września 1939 r. w okolicach miejscowości Sopoćkinie generała brygady Wojska Polskiego Józefa Olszyny-Wilczyńskiego i jego adiutanta kapitana Mieczysława Strzemskiego przez żołnierzy b. Związku Radzieckiego. (S 6/02/Zk)" [Investigation into the murder on September 22, 1939, near the town of Sopoćkinie, of Brigadier General of the Polish Army Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński and his adjutant Captain Mieczysław Strzemski by soldiers of the former Soviet Union. (S 6/02/Zk)] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 7 January 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2005. Polish Institute of National Remembrance. Internet Archive, 16.10.03. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
Out of the original group of Polish prisoners of war sent in large number to the labour camps were some 25,000 ordinary soldiers separated from the rest of their colleagues and imprisoned in a work camp in Równe, where they were forced to build a road. See: "Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre". Institute of National Remembrance website. Institute of National Remembrance. 2004. Archived from the original on 19 July 2006. Retrieved 15 March 2006.
The actual number of deported in the period of 1939–1941 remains unknown and various estimates vary from 350,000 (in Polish) Encyklopedia PWN 'Okupacja Sowiecka w Polsce 1939–41' Archived 20 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine, last retrieved on 14 March 2006, Polish language) to over two million (mostly World War II estimates by the underground). The earlier number is based on records made by the NKVD and does not include roughly 180,000 prisoners of war, also in Soviet captivity. Most modern historians estimate the number of all people deported from areas taken by the Soviet Union during this period at between 800,000 and 1,500,000. For example R. J. Rummel gives the number of 1,200,000, Tony Kushner and Katharine Knox give 1,500,000 in their Refugees in an Age of Genocide, p.219; in his Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917, p.132. See also: Marek Wierzbicki; Tadeusz M. Płużański (March 2001). "Wybiórcze traktowanie źródeł". Tygodnik Solidarność (2 March 2001). Głowacki, Albin (September 2003). "Formy, skala i konsekwencje sowieckich represji wobec Polaków w latach 1939–1941". In Piotr Chmielowiec (ed.). Okupacja sowiecka ziem polskich 1939–1941 (in Polish). Rzeszów-Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. ISBN 83-89078-78-3. Archived from the original on 3 October 2003.

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"The Żegota". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
"Full Listing of Camps in occupied Poland". Jewish Virtual Library. 2 August 2015. Source: "Atlas of the Holocaust" by Martin Gilbert (1982).
"Stutthof: History & Overview". Jewish Virtual Library. With archival photos.

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"Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe: Selections from Janusz Gumkowski and Kazimierz Leszczynski Poland Under Nazi Occupation". Archived from the original on 13 April 2012. The ultimate goal of Nazi policy was to destroy the Polish nation on Polish soil as a whole, regardless of whether it was annexed by the Reich or whether it was incorporated into the Government General.
"Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe Selections from Janusz Gumkowski and Kazimierz Leszczynski Poland Under Nazi Occupation". Archived from the original on 13 April 2012. The provisions of the Plan stated that 80–85 per cent of the Poles would have to be deported from the German area of settlement – to regions in the East. This, according to German calculations, would involve about 20 million people. About 3–4 million – all of them peasants – suitable for Germanization as far as "racial values" were concerned – would be allowed to remain. They would be distributed as slave laborers among the German majority and Germanized within a single generation (...)

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The actual number of deported in the period of 1939–1941 remains unknown and various estimates vary from 350,000 (in Polish) Encyklopedia PWN 'Okupacja Sowiecka w Polsce 1939–41' Archived 20 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine, last retrieved on 14 March 2006, Polish language) to over two million (mostly World War II estimates by the underground). The earlier number is based on records made by the NKVD and does not include roughly 180,000 prisoners of war, also in Soviet captivity. Most modern historians estimate the number of all people deported from areas taken by the Soviet Union during this period at between 800,000 and 1,500,000. For example R. J. Rummel gives the number of 1,200,000, Tony Kushner and Katharine Knox give 1,500,000 in their Refugees in an Age of Genocide, p.219; in his Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917, p.132. See also: Marek Wierzbicki; Tadeusz M. Płużański (March 2001). "Wybiórcze traktowanie źródeł". Tygodnik Solidarność (2 March 2001). Głowacki, Albin (September 2003). "Formy, skala i konsekwencje sowieckich represji wobec Polaków w latach 1939–1941". In Piotr Chmielowiec (ed.). Okupacja sowiecka ziem polskich 1939–1941 (in Polish). Rzeszów-Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. ISBN 83-89078-78-3. Archived from the original on 3 October 2003.

rcin.org.pl

Eberhardt 2011, p. 25. Eberhardt, Piotr (2011). "Political Migrations on Polish Territories (1939–1950)" (PDF). Stanisław Leszczycki Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Monographies. 12. Polish Academy of Sciences.
Eberhardt 2011, pp. 27–29. Eberhardt, Piotr (2011). "Political Migrations on Polish Territories (1939–1950)" (PDF). Stanisław Leszczycki Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Monographies. 12. Polish Academy of Sciences.
Eberhardt 2011, pp. 30–31. Eberhardt, Piotr (2011). "Political Migrations on Polish Territories (1939–1950)" (PDF). Stanisław Leszczycki Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Monographies. 12. Polish Academy of Sciences.
Eberhardt 2011, pp. 32–34. Eberhardt, Piotr (2011). "Political Migrations on Polish Territories (1939–1950)" (PDF). Stanisław Leszczycki Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Monographies. 12. Polish Academy of Sciences.
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rice.edu

ruf.rice.edu

Olsak-Glass, Judith (January 1999). "Review of Piotrowski's Poland's Holocaust". Sarmatian Review. Piotrowski argues that from the very beginning, it was Stalin's aim to ensure that an independent Poland would never reemerge in the postwar period. The prisons, ghettos, internment, transit, labor and extermination camps, roundups, mass deportations, public executions, mobile killing units, death marches, deprivation, hunger, disease, and exposure all testify to the 'inhuman policies of both Hitler and Stalin and 'were clearly aimed at the total extermination of Poland's citizens, both Jews and Christians. Both regimes endorsed a systematic program of genocide.
Olsak-Glass, Judith (January 1999). "Review of Piotrowski's Poland's Holocaust". Sarmatian Review. Retrieved 24 January 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Garliński, Józef (April 1975). "The Polish Underground State 1939–1945". Journal of Contemporary History. 10 (2). Sage Publications, Ltd.: 219–259. doi:10.1177/002200947501000202. JSTOR 260146. S2CID 159844616., p. 220-223

shoaheducation.com

Lebensraum, Aryanization, Germanization and Judenrein, Judenfrei: concepts in the holocaust or shoah^{[permanent dead link‍]}

starnewsonline.com

Eddy, Melissa (8 May 2007). "Stolen: The Story of a Polish Child 'Germanized' by the Nazis". StarNewsOnline (Wilmington, NC). Associated Press. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2022. If they met racial guidelines, they were taken; one girl got back home.

ucsb.edu

history.ucsb.edu

Jager, Jessica. "Review of Piotrowski's "Poland's Holocaust"". UC Santa Barbara.

ushmm.org

"Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2015.See also: Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era Archived 22 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine
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encyclopedia.ushmm.org

"Forced Labor". The Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 25 September 2018.

volksbund.de

"Geschichts und Erinnerungstafel Nordholz Spieka" [Historical and Memorial Plaque in Nordholz-Spieka] (PDF). German War Graves Commission. July 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2023. Die Sterberate war in dem Heim sehr hoch. Mangelernährung, bewusste Vernachlässigung und die unzureichende Hygiene führten in den primitiven Örtlichkeiten zu einer „schnellen" Sterblichkeit.

web.archive.org

Szarota & Materski 2009. Szarota, Tomasz; Materski, Wojciech, eds. (2009). Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami [Poland 1939–1945. Personal losses and victims of repression under two occupations]. ISBN 978-83-7629-067-6. (Introduction reproduced here Archived 1 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine)
"Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2015.See also: Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era Archived 22 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine
Kozłowski, Bartłomiej (2005). ""Wybory" do Zgromadzeń Ludowych Zachodniej Ukrainy i Zachodniej Białorusi" ["Elections" to the People's Assemblies of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus]. Polska.pl (in Polish). NASK. Archived from the original on 28 June 2006. Retrieved 13 March 2006.
"German newspaper editor outlining the claims of Polish atrocities against minorities". Nizkor.org. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
"Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe: Selections from Janusz Gumkowski and Kazimierz Leszczynski Poland Under Nazi Occupation". Archived from the original on 13 April 2012. The ultimate goal of Nazi policy was to destroy the Polish nation on Polish soil as a whole, regardless of whether it was annexed by the Reich or whether it was incorporated into the Government General.
"Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe Selections from Janusz Gumkowski and Kazimierz Leszczynski Poland Under Nazi Occupation". Archived from the original on 13 April 2012. The provisions of the Plan stated that 80–85 per cent of the Poles would have to be deported from the German area of settlement – to regions in the East. This, according to German calculations, would involve about 20 million people. About 3–4 million – all of them peasants – suitable for Germanization as far as "racial values" were concerned – would be allowed to remain. They would be distributed as slave laborers among the German majority and Germanized within a single generation (...)
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Herbert & Templer 1997, p. 71-73. Herbert, Ulrich; Templer, William (1997). Hitler's foreign workers: enforced foreign labor in Germany under the Third Reich. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47000-5. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011.
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Ney-Krwawicz, Marek. "The Polish Underground State and The Home Army (1939–45)". Translated by Bohdanowicz, Antoni. London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2008.
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"Olszyna-Wilczyński Józef Konstanty". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2006.
"Śledztwo w sprawie zabójstwa w dniu 22 września 1939 r. w okolicach miejscowości Sopoćkinie generała brygady Wojska Polskiego Józefa Olszyny-Wilczyńskiego i jego adiutanta kapitana Mieczysława Strzemskiego przez żołnierzy b. Związku Radzieckiego. (S 6/02/Zk)" [Investigation into the murder on September 22, 1939, near the town of Sopoćkinie, of Brigadier General of the Polish Army Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński and his adjutant Captain Mieczysław Strzemski by soldiers of the former Soviet Union. (S 6/02/Zk)] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 7 January 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2005. Polish Institute of National Remembrance. Internet Archive, 16.10.03. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
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Out of the original group of Polish prisoners of war sent in large number to the labour camps were some 25,000 ordinary soldiers separated from the rest of their colleagues and imprisoned in a work camp in Równe, where they were forced to build a road. See: "Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre". Institute of National Remembrance website. Institute of National Remembrance. 2004. Archived from the original on 19 July 2006. Retrieved 15 March 2006.
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The actual number of deported in the period of 1939–1941 remains unknown and various estimates vary from 350,000 (in Polish) Encyklopedia PWN 'Okupacja Sowiecka w Polsce 1939–41' Archived 20 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine, last retrieved on 14 March 2006, Polish language) to over two million (mostly World War II estimates by the underground). The earlier number is based on records made by the NKVD and does not include roughly 180,000 prisoners of war, also in Soviet captivity. Most modern historians estimate the number of all people deported from areas taken by the Soviet Union during this period at between 800,000 and 1,500,000. For example R. J. Rummel gives the number of 1,200,000, Tony Kushner and Katharine Knox give 1,500,000 in their Refugees in an Age of Genocide, p.219; in his Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917, p.132. See also: Marek Wierzbicki; Tadeusz M. Płużański (March 2001). "Wybiórcze traktowanie źródeł". Tygodnik Solidarność (2 March 2001). Głowacki, Albin (September 2003). "Formy, skala i konsekwencje sowieckich represji wobec Polaków w latach 1939–1941". In Piotr Chmielowiec (ed.). Okupacja sowiecka ziem polskich 1939–1941 (in Polish). Rzeszów-Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. ISBN 83-89078-78-3. Archived from the original on 3 October 2003.
Ciesielski, Stanisław; Materski, Wojciech; Paczkowski, Andrzej (2002). "Represje 1939–1941". Indeks represjonowanych (in Polish) (2nd ed.). Warsaw: Ośrodek KARTA. ISBN 83-88288-31-8. Archived from the original on 22 February 2006.

wendland-net.de

"Himmlers "Pflegestätten" brachten Kindern den Tod" [Himmler's "Foster Homes" Brought Death to Children]. wendland-net (in German). 18 December 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2023. Das Projekt „Krieg gegen Kinder" resümiert in diesem Zusammenhang: „Die Anweisung Himmlers, die Kinder möglichst wenige Tage nach der Geburt von den Müttern zu trennen und in 'Ausländerpflegestätten einfachster Art' unterzubringen, kam einer Mordempfehlung gleich". [...] Wohl aber waren es die Krankheit fördernden Zustände, die [...] zum Tode von Kindern führten. Heutzutage würde die Justiz in solchen Fällen vermutlich Tötungsdelikte „durch Unterlassen" gegeben sehen. [The project "War against Children" sums up in this context: "Himmler's instruction to separate the children from their mothers as soon as possible a few days after birth and to place them in 'foreigners' care centers of the simplest kind' was tantamount to a murder recommendation". [...] However, it was the conditions promoting illness that led to the death of children [...]. Nowadays, the judiciary would presumably regard such cases as homicides "by neglect".]

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Snyder, Timothy (2003). "The Causes of Ukrainian-Polish Ethnic Cleansing 1943". Past & Present (179): 223. doi:10.1093/past/179.1.197. ISSN 0031-2746.
Schenk 2007. Schenk, Dieter (2007). Der Lemberger Professorenmord und der Holocaust in Ostgalizien [The Lviv Professor Murder and the Holocaust in Eastern Galicia] (in German). Bonn: Dietz. ISBN 978-3-8012-5033-1. OCLC 839060671.

yadvashem.org

Yad Vashemfile (2013). "Aktion Reinhard" (PDF). Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies.
Libionka, Dariusz (2004). "The Catholic Church in Poland and the Holocaust, 1939–1945" (PDF). In Rittner, Carol; Smith, Stephen D.; Steinfeldt, Irena (eds.). The Holocaust and the Christian World: Reflections on the Past Challenges for the Future. New Leaf Press. pp. 74–78. ISBN 978-0-89221-591-1.

yale.edu

avalon.law.yale.edu

"The British War Bluebook". Avalon Project. Yale Law School. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
"The trial of German major war criminals : proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg Germany". avalon.law.yale.edu. They conducted deliberate and systematic genocide, viz., the extermination of racial and national groups, against the civilian populations of certain occupied territories in order to destroy particular races and classes of people and national, racial, or religious groups, particularly Jews, Poles, and Gypsies and others.

yale.edu

Telegrams sent by Schulenburg, German ambassador to the Soviet Union, from Moscow to the German Foreign Office: No. 317 Archived 7 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine of 10 September 1939, No. 371 Archived 30 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine of 16 September 1939, No. 372 Archived 30 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine of 17 September 1939. The Avalon Project, Yale Law School. Retrieved 14 November 2006.