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Hatch, Shari Dorantes (2009). "Butler, Octavia E. (Estelle) 6/22/1947–2/24/2006". Encyclopedia of African-American writing : five centuries of contribution: trials & triumphs of writers, poets, publications and organizations (2nd ed.). Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing. ISBN978-1-59237-291-1. OCLC173807586.
Morris, Susana M. (2013). "Black Girls Are from the Future: Afrofuturist Feminism in Octavia E. Butler's Fledgling". WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly. 40 (3–4): 146–166. doi:10.1353/wsq.2013.0034. ISSN1934-1520. S2CID85289747.