Thorpe 1900, pp. 250–1 uses the word "rent" rather than "tax": the Old English Orosius uses the word "gafol", which has the meanings "tax, tribute, rent, interest".[28]Whitaker 1981, pp. 5–6 uses the words "tribute" and "tax", and suggests that the Sami (to whom Whitaker refers as Lapps) paid Ohthere a fee to be able to trade their goods "for iron and other imported goods which their own environment lacked."[29] Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Whitaker, I. (1981), "Ohthere's account reconsidered", Arctic Anthropology, 18 (1)
Thorpe 1900, p. 248. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation)
Thorpe 1900, pp. 248–9, 252–3. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation)
Thorpe 1900, pp. 250–1. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation)
Thorpe 1900, pp. 250–1; Whitaker 1981, p. 6. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Whitaker, I. (1981), "Ohthere's account reconsidered", Arctic Anthropology, 18 (1)
Thorpe 1900, pp. 248–51. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation)
Thorpe 1900, pp. 248–9. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation)
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Masdalen 2010, p. 4. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 248–9, 250–1. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation)
Thorpe 1900, pp. 248–9; Masdalen 2010, p. 13. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation)
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Masdalen 2010, pp. 39–41; "port". (2010). Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Charles University, Prague. Retrieved 27 December 2013. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Ekblom 1930, pp. 186–7. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Ekblom, R. (1930), "Ohthere's voyage from Skiringssal to Hedeby", Studia Neophilologica, 12 (2): 177–190, doi:10.1080/00393273908586845
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Masdalen 2010, pp. 39–41; "port". (2010). Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Charles University, Prague. Retrieved 27 December 2013. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Korhammer 2022, pp. 113–147. The article's abstract and bibliography ('References') are freely accessible. Korhammer, M. (2022), "Ohthere's Northern Voyage: A Close Reading and Practical Interpretation", Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, 18: 113–148, doi:10.1484/J.VMS.5.132124
Bammesberger 2016, pp. 179–80. Bammesberger, A. (2016), "The Meaning of Old English ambyrne wind and the Adverb amberlice", News & Queries, 63 (2): 179–80, doi:10.1093/notesj/gjw074
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Ekblom 1930, pp. 186–7. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Ekblom, R. (1930), "Ohthere's voyage from Skiringssal to Hedeby", Studia Neophilologica, 12 (2): 177–190, doi:10.1080/00393273908586845
Helle 1991, p. 20; Masdalen 2010, p. 4. Helle, K. (1991), "Tiden fram til 1536", in Danielsen, R.; Dyrvik, S.; Grønlie, T.; Helle, K.; Hovland, E. (eds.), Grunntrekk i Norsk Historie: Fra vikingtid til våre dager, Universitetsforlaget, pp. 13–106, ISBN978-82-00-21273-7 Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Masdalen 2010, p. 4. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 248–9; Masdalen 2010, p. 13. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Helle 1991, p. 21; Masdalen 2010, p. 13. Helle, K. (1991), "Tiden fram til 1536", in Danielsen, R.; Dyrvik, S.; Grønlie, T.; Helle, K.; Hovland, E. (eds.), Grunntrekk i Norsk Historie: Fra vikingtid til våre dager, Universitetsforlaget, pp. 13–106, ISBN978-82-00-21273-7 Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Masdalen 2010, pp. 39–41; "port". (2010). Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Charles University, Prague. Retrieved 27 December 2013. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Helle 1991, p. 20; Masdalen 2010, p. 4. Helle, K. (1991), "Tiden fram til 1536", in Danielsen, R.; Dyrvik, S.; Grønlie, T.; Helle, K.; Hovland, E. (eds.), Grunntrekk i Norsk Historie: Fra vikingtid til våre dager, Universitetsforlaget, pp. 13–106, ISBN978-82-00-21273-7 Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Masdalen 2010, p. 4. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 248–9; Masdalen 2010, p. 13. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Helle 1991, p. 21; Masdalen 2010, p. 13. Helle, K. (1991), "Tiden fram til 1536", in Danielsen, R.; Dyrvik, S.; Grønlie, T.; Helle, K.; Hovland, E. (eds.), Grunntrekk i Norsk Historie: Fra vikingtid til våre dager, Universitetsforlaget, pp. 13–106, ISBN978-82-00-21273-7 Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Thorpe 1900, pp. 252–3; Masdalen 2010, pp. 39–41; "port". (2010). Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Charles University, Prague. Retrieved 27 December 2013. Thorpe, B., ed. (1900), The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, Internet Archive (instantly readable, includes parallel edition of Old English Orosius and Modern English translation) Masdalen, K.-O. (2010), "Uden Tvivl – med fuldkommen Ret. Hvor lå Sciringes heal?"(PDF), Kuben, archived(PDF) from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 13 August 2019
Whitelock 1966, p. 66, quoted in Whitaker 1981, p. 2(note). Whitelock, D. (1966), "The prose of Alfred's reign", in Stanley, E.G. (ed.), Continuations and Beginnings: Studies in Old English Literature, Nelson, pp. 67–103, OCLC367426 Whitaker, I. (1981), "Ohthere's account reconsidered", Arctic Anthropology, 18 (1)
