Old Korean (English Wikipedia)

Vovin 1995, pp. 232–233. Vovin, Alexander (1995). "Once Again on the Accusative Marker in Old Korean". Diachronica. 12 (2): 223–236. doi:10.1075/dia.12.2.04vov. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
"The earliest attestation of the word in question is LOK [Late Old Korean] 菩薩 'rice' (Kyeyrim #183)." Vovin 2015, pp. 230–231 ——— (2015). "On The Etymology of Middle Korean psʌr 'rice'". Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları. 25 (2). Istanbul, Turkey: 229–238. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
Vovin 2013, p. 202. ——— (October 2013). "Chapter 12: The Mongolian Names for 'Korea' and 'Korean' and Their Significance for the History of the Korean Language". In Sohn, Sung-Ock; Cho, Sungdai; You, Seok-Hoon (eds.). Studies in Korean Linguistics and Language Pedagogy: Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn. Seoul: Korea University Press. pp. 200–206. ISBN 978-89-7641-830-2.
Vovin 2013. ——— (October 2013). "Chapter 12: The Mongolian Names for 'Korea' and 'Korean' and Their Significance for the History of the Korean Language". In Sohn, Sung-Ock; Cho, Sungdai; You, Seok-Hoon (eds.). Studies in Korean Linguistics and Language Pedagogy: Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn. Seoul: Korea University Press. pp. 200–206. ISBN 978-89-7641-830-2.
Miyake 1998, pp. 347–348. Miyake, Marc Hideo (1998). "Hyangchal: A modern view of an ancient script". In Park, Byung-Soo; Yoon, James Hye Suk (eds.). Selected papers from the 11th International Conference on Korean Linguistics. Seoul: International Circle of Korean Linguistics. pp. 346–355. ISBN 978-89-7735-506-4.
Vovin 2013, pp. 200–201. ——— (October 2013). "Chapter 12: The Mongolian Names for 'Korea' and 'Korean' and Their Significance for the History of the Korean Language". In Sohn, Sung-Ock; Cho, Sungdai; You, Seok-Hoon (eds.). Studies in Korean Linguistics and Language Pedagogy: Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn. Seoul: Korea University Press. pp. 200–206. ISBN 978-89-7641-830-2.
Bentley 2000. Bentley, John R. (June 2000). "New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon Shoki". Language Research. 36 (2): 1–22. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
Miyake 2000, pp. 8–9. ——— (2000). Orthographic alternation evidence for the languages of the Three Kingdoms. Permanent International Altaistic Conference. Lanaken, Belgium. pp. 1–18.
Miyake 2000, pp. 6–7. ——— (2000). Orthographic alternation evidence for the languages of the Three Kingdoms. Permanent International Altaistic Conference. Lanaken, Belgium. pp. 1–18.
Miyake 2000, p. 11 ——— (2000). Orthographic alternation evidence for the languages of the Three Kingdoms. Permanent International Altaistic Conference. Lanaken, Belgium. pp. 1–18.
Miyake 2000, pp. 9–11. ——— (2000). Orthographic alternation evidence for the languages of the Three Kingdoms. Permanent International Altaistic Conference. Lanaken, Belgium. pp. 1–18.
Vovin 2013, p. 200. ——— (October 2013). "Chapter 12: The Mongolian Names for 'Korea' and 'Korean' and Their Significance for the History of the Korean Language". In Sohn, Sung-Ock; Cho, Sungdai; You, Seok-Hoon (eds.). Studies in Korean Linguistics and Language Pedagogy: Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn. Seoul: Korea University Press. pp. 200–206. ISBN 978-89-7641-830-2.
Vovin 2013, pp. 201–202. ——— (October 2013). "Chapter 12: The Mongolian Names for 'Korea' and 'Korean' and Their Significance for the History of the Korean Language". In Sohn, Sung-Ock; Cho, Sungdai; You, Seok-Hoon (eds.). Studies in Korean Linguistics and Language Pedagogy: Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn. Seoul: Korea University Press. pp. 200–206. ISBN 978-89-7641-830-2.

aks.ac.kr

encykorea.aks.ac.kr

"통일신라시대의 이두문은 토(吐)가 발달한 것이 특징이다." ("Idu [vernacular] texts of the Unified Silla period are characterized by their developed to [explicit orthographic representation of Old Korean morphemes].") Nam 1995 Nam, Pung-hyun (1995). 이두(吏讀) [Idu]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
Nam 1995. Nam, Pung-hyun (1995). 이두(吏讀) [Idu]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved September 2, 2019.

archive.today

The LINGUIST List 2016. "Old Korean". The LINGUIST List. March 11, 2016. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2019.

dbpia.co.kr

"한편 삼국시대를 국어의 형성시대, 통일신라시대를 고대국어 시대, 고려시대를 전기중세국어 시대로 분류하는 방법이 오랜 동안 설득력을 가지고 통용되어 왔다." (Meanwhile, the method of classifying the Three Kingdoms period as the formative period of Korean, the Unified Silla period as the Old Korean period, and the Goryeo period as the Early Middle Korean period has long been used convincingly.) Nam 2003, p. 2 ——— (August 2003). 古代國語의 時代區分 [The Periodization of Old Korean]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 11. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 1–22. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
Choe 2016, pp. 41–42. Choe, Yeon-shik (December 2016). 新羅의 變格漢文 [The Abnormal Chinese Expressions of Shilla Dynasty]. 목간과 문자(Wooden Documents and Inscriptions Studies). 17. 한국목간학회 (The Korea Society for The Study of Wooden Documents): 39–59. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
Nam 2003, pp. 18–19. ——— (August 2003). 古代國語의 時代區分 [The Periodization of Old Korean]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 11. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 1–22. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
"최근의 연구들에서는 13세기를 하한선으로 보려는 경향이 나타난다. 이러한 사실은 고대국어의 연구가 깊이를 더해가고 있음과 더불어 고려 건국 이전까지를 고대국어로 간주해 온 일반화된 국어사의 시대 구분에 대한 수정이 필요함을 생각하게 된다." Kim Y. P. 2012, pp. 42–43 Kim, Yupum (February 2012). 고대국어 문법 연구의 회고 [A Survey of the Studies on Ancient Korean Grammar]. 한국어학 (Korean Linguistics). 55. 한국어학회 (The Association For Korean Linguistics): 41–64. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
"차자표기 자료의 연구가 진행될수록 고려시대의 언어 현상들은 중세국어 쪽이 아닌, 고대국어의 범주로 포함시키려는 경향이 강하다." (The more the study of sources transcribed with Sinographic systems [chaja] progresses, the stronger the tendency to classify the linguistic phenomena of the Goryeo period within the framework of Old Korean, not Middle Korean.) Kim J. 2019, pp. 113–114 Kim, Ji-oh (February 2019). 고대국어 연결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [The Present Conditions and Future Tasks of Old Korean Connective Suffix Research]. 구결학회 학술대회 발표논문집. 56. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 113–131. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
Hwang 2015, pp. 43–65. ——— (August 2015). 향가와 배경 설화의 관련성 -怨歌를 중심으로- [The Relevance of Hyangga and Background Story Focusing on the Wonga]. 서강인문논총. 43. 서강대학교 인문과학연구소: 41–85. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
Nam 2012a, pp. 6–7. ——— (February 2012). 『三國遺事』의 鄕歌와 『均如傳』鄕歌의 文法比較 [A Grammatical Comparison of Samguk yusa Hyangga and Gunyeo jeon Hyangga]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 28. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 5–32. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
Nam 2012a. ——— (February 2012). 『三國遺事』의 鄕歌와 『均如傳』鄕歌의 文法比較 [A Grammatical Comparison of Samguk yusa Hyangga and Gunyeo jeon Hyangga]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 28. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 5–32. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
"고려시대의 석독구결이 매우 보수적이어서 이를 기초로 경전을 습득하였다면 一然은 신라시대의 언어에 대하여 정확한 이해를 하고 있었던 것으로 보아야 한다." (If the interpretive gugyeol of the Goryeo period was very conservative, and this was the basis of learning the canons, Iryeon should be seen as having accurately understood the language of the Silla period.) Nam 2018, pp. 2–3, 24–25 ——— (June 2018). <兜率歌>와 <祭亡妹歌>의 새로운 解讀 [A New Interpretation of the Dosol-ga and Jemangmae-ga]. 진단학보 (The Chin-Tan Hakpo). 130. 진단학회 (The Chin-Tan Society): 1–26. doi:10.31735/CTH.2018.06.130.1. S2CID 189625486. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Park Y. 2005. Park, Yongsik (February 2005). 삼국유사에 수록된 향가에 나타난 언어의 시대적 특징 고찰 [A Study on the Features of Linguistic Age of Hyangchal Contained in the Samguk yusa]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 14. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 173–195. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Lim 2008, pp. 377–381. Lim, Kyounghwa (April 2008). 식민지기 일본인 연구자들의 향가 해독: 차용체(借用體)에서 국문으로 [Decipherment of Hyangga by Japanese Scholars in Colonial Korea: From Borrowed Script to the National Script]. 국어학 (Journal of Korea Linguistics). 51. 국어학회 (The Society of Korea Linguistics): 365–384. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
Nam 2010, p. 63. ——— (February 2010). 獻花歌의 解讀 [The Interpretation of the Heonhwa-ga]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 24. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 63–75. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
Nam 2019. ——— (February 2019). 안민가(安民歌)의 새로운 해독 [A New Interpretation of the Anmin-ga]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 42. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 33–49. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
Lim 2008, pp. 381–382. Lim, Kyounghwa (April 2008). 식민지기 일본인 연구자들의 향가 해독: 차용체(借用體)에서 국문으로 [Decipherment of Hyangga by Japanese Scholars in Colonial Korea: From Borrowed Script to the National Script]. 국어학 (Journal of Korea Linguistics). 51. 국어학회 (The Society of Korea Linguistics): 365–384. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
Choe 2016, p. 46. Choe, Yeon-shik (December 2016). 新羅의 變格漢文 [The Abnormal Chinese Expressions of Shilla Dynasty]. 목간과 문자(Wooden Documents and Inscriptions Studies). 17. 한국목간학회 (The Korea Society for The Study of Wooden Documents): 39–59. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
Choe 2016, p. 52. Choe, Yeon-shik (December 2016). 新羅의 變格漢文 [The Abnormal Chinese Expressions of Shilla Dynasty]. 목간과 문자(Wooden Documents and Inscriptions Studies). 17. 한국목간학회 (The Korea Society for The Study of Wooden Documents): 39–59. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
Choe 2016, pp. 45–49. Choe, Yeon-shik (December 2016). 新羅의 變格漢文 [The Abnormal Chinese Expressions of Shilla Dynasty]. 목간과 문자(Wooden Documents and Inscriptions Studies). 17. 한국목간학회 (The Korea Society for The Study of Wooden Documents): 39–59. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
Yoon 2016, pp. 392–393. Yoon, Seon-tae (December 2016). 한국 고대목간의 연구현황과 과제 [Research and Perspective on the Wooden Documents of Ancient Korea]. 신라사학보. 38 (38). 신라사학회 (Society for the Studies of Silla History): 387–421. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
Yoon 2016, p. 389. Yoon, Seon-tae (December 2016). 한국 고대목간의 연구현황과 과제 [Research and Perspective on the Wooden Documents of Ancient Korea]. 신라사학보. 38 (38). 신라사학회 (Society for the Studies of Silla History): 387–421. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
Jeon 2012, p. 168. Jeon, Deog-jae (June 2012). "Materials and Trends in the Study of Ancient Korean Wooden Slips". The Review of Korean Studies. 15 (1). Academy of Korean Studies: 167–197. doi:10.25024/review.2012.15.1.005.
Jung 2015, pp. 37, 41, 62. Jung, Hyun-sook (December 2015). 용도로 본 통일신라 목간의 서풍 [Calligraphic Style of the Wooden Tablets of the United Silla by Use]. Keimyung Korean Studies Journal. 61. 계명대학교 한국학연구원: 37–84. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
Jung 2015, pp. 66–77. Jung, Hyun-sook (December 2015). 용도로 본 통일신라 목간의 서풍 [Calligraphic Style of the Wooden Tablets of the United Silla by Use]. Keimyung Korean Studies Journal. 61. 계명대학교 한국학연구원: 37–84. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
Nam 2013. ——— (February 2013). 東大寺所藏新羅華嚴經寫經과 그 釋讀口訣에 대하여 [On the Silla Copy of the Avatamsaka Sutra at Tōdai-ji and its Interpretive Gugyeol]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 30. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 53–79. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
Translated from Nam 2013's Korean translation, "그 때 精進慧菩薩이 法慧菩薩에게 물었다" Nam 2013, pp. 60–61 ——— (February 2013). 東大寺所藏新羅華嚴經寫經과 그 釋讀口訣에 대하여 [On the Silla Copy of the Avatamsaka Sutra at Tōdai-ji and its Interpretive Gugyeol]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 30. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 53–79. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
Translated from Nam 2013's Korean translation, "부정한 것이며 싫은 것이며" Nam 2013, pp. 72–73 ——— (February 2013). 東大寺所藏新羅華嚴經寫經과 그 釋讀口訣에 대하여 [On the Silla Copy of the Avatamsaka Sutra at Tōdai-ji and its Interpretive Gugyeol]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 30. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 53–79. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
Nam 2013, pp. 69–70. ——— (February 2013). 東大寺所藏新羅華嚴經寫經과 그 釋讀口訣에 대하여 [On the Silla Copy of the Avatamsaka Sutra at Tōdai-ji and its Interpretive Gugyeol]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 30. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 53–79. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
Translated from Nam 2013's Korean translation, "끝없는 여러 가지 경계" Nam 2013, pp. 69–70 ——— (February 2013). 東大寺所藏新羅華嚴經寫經과 그 釋讀口訣에 대하여 [On the Silla Copy of the Avatamsaka Sutra at Tōdai-ji and its Interpretive Gugyeol]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 30. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 53–79. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
Lee Y. 2015, pp. 65–66, 77–79. Lee, Yong (February 2015). ≪新羅村落文書≫'妻是子女子'의 해독에 관하여 [The Decipherment of Abstruse phrase in Idu]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 34. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 65–81.
Nam 2019, p. 45. ——— (February 2019). 안민가(安民歌)의 새로운 해독 [A New Interpretation of the Anmin-ga]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 42. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 33–49. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
Nam 2010. ——— (February 2010). 獻花歌의 解讀 [The Interpretation of the Heonhwa-ga]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 24. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 63–75. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
Shin 1998, pp. 85–89. Shin, Joong-jin (August 1998). 말음첨기(末音添記)의 생성과 발달에 대하여 -음절말 자음 첨기를 중심으로- [On the Creation and Development of Mareum Cheomgi—Centering on Coda Consonant Transcription]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 4. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 85–114. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Shin 1998, p. 92. Shin, Joong-jin (August 1998). 말음첨기(末音添記)의 생성과 발달에 대하여 -음절말 자음 첨기를 중심으로- [On the Creation and Development of Mareum Cheomgi—Centering on Coda Consonant Transcription]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 4. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 85–114. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Shin 1998, p. 93. Shin, Joong-jin (August 1998). 말음첨기(末音添記)의 생성과 발달에 대하여 -음절말 자음 첨기를 중심으로- [On the Creation and Development of Mareum Cheomgi—Centering on Coda Consonant Transcription]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 4. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 85–114. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Shin 1998, pp. 93–94. Shin, Joong-jin (August 1998). 말음첨기(末音添記)의 생성과 발달에 대하여 -음절말 자음 첨기를 중심으로- [On the Creation and Development of Mareum Cheomgi—Centering on Coda Consonant Transcription]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 4. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 85–114. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Shin 1998, p. 94. Shin, Joong-jin (August 1998). 말음첨기(末音添記)의 생성과 발달에 대하여 -음절말 자음 첨기를 중심으로- [On the Creation and Development of Mareum Cheomgi—Centering on Coda Consonant Transcription]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 4. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 85–114. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Shin 1998, pp. 94–95. Shin, Joong-jin (August 1998). 말음첨기(末音添記)의 생성과 발달에 대하여 -음절말 자음 첨기를 중심으로- [On the Creation and Development of Mareum Cheomgi—Centering on Coda Consonant Transcription]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 4. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 85–114. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Cho 2009, pp. 107–120. Cho, Chae-Hyung (March 2009). 古代國語時期의 借字表記 '良'의 讀音考察 [A Study for the sound of the reception of Chinese Character in the Ancient Korean period)]. 어문론집(The Journal of Language & Literature). 40. 중앙어문학회 (The Society of Chung-Ang Language & Literature): 101–123. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Kim Y. W. 2012, pp. 36–39. Kim, Young-wook (February 2012). 古代國語의 處所格 '-良'에 對한 硏究 -八世紀의 金石文, 木簡, 角筆資料를 中心으로 [On the Old Korean Locative Case Marker -a]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 28. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 33–50. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Hwang 2002. Hwang, Seon-yeop (June 2002). 향가에 나타나는 '遣'과 '古'에 대하여 [A Study on "gyeon" and "go" in Hyangga]. 국어학 (Journal of Korea Linguistics). 39. 국어학회 (The Society of Korea Linguistics): 3–25. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Jang 2005, pp. 125–133. Jang, Yoon-hee (February 2005). 고대국어 연결어미 '遣'과 그 변화 [A Study of Old Korean Conjunctive Ending "-遣" and Its Change]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 14. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 123–146. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Nam 2018, pp. 15–16. ——— (June 2018). <兜率歌>와 <祭亡妹歌>의 새로운 解讀 [A New Interpretation of the Dosol-ga and Jemangmae-ga]. 진단학보 (The Chin-Tan Hakpo). 130. 진단학회 (The Chin-Tan Society): 1–26. doi:10.31735/CTH.2018.06.130.1. S2CID 189625486. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Yang 2016. Yang, Hee-cheol (July 2016). 향찰 '叱'의 한자음과 속격 '-시' [Sound of Chinese Character 叱 and Genitive Case -si in the Hyangchal]. 언어학연구 (Studies in Linguistics). 40 (40). 한국중원언어학회 (The Joongwon Linguistic Society of Korea): 113–139. doi:10.17002/sil..40.201607.113. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Wei 2014. ——— (February 2014). '叱'의 음독 유래에 대하여 [About the Origin of the Phonetical Reading of "叱"]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 32. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 49–79. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
Wei 2013, pp. 167–182. Wei, Guofeng (February 2014). '只'와 '支'의 음독에 대하여 [About the Phonetical Reading of '只' and '支']. 국어학 (Journal of Korea Linguistics). 66. 국어학회 (The Society of Korea Linguistics): 165–196. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
"거의 대부분의 학자가 吏讀와 鄕札(口訣까지도)을 같은 개념으로 생각하고 있었다." (Almost all scholars were considering idu and hyangchal (even gugyeol) to be the same concept.) Suh 2011, pp. 50–52 Suh, Jong-hak (August 2011). 吏讀의 개념과 성격 [The Concept and Character of Idu]. 구결연구 (Kugyŏl Studies). 27. 구결학회 (Society of Kugyŏl): 27–56. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
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"고려시대의 석독구결이 매우 보수적이어서 이를 기초로 경전을 습득하였다면 一然은 신라시대의 언어에 대하여 정확한 이해를 하고 있었던 것으로 보아야 한다." (If the interpretive gugyeol of the Goryeo period was very conservative, and this was the basis of learning the canons, Iryeon should be seen as having accurately understood the language of the Silla period.) Nam 2018, pp. 2–3, 24–25 ——— (June 2018). <兜率歌>와 <祭亡妹歌>의 새로운 解讀 [A New Interpretation of the Dosol-ga and Jemangmae-ga]. 진단학보 (The Chin-Tan Hakpo). 130. 진단학회 (The Chin-Tan Society): 1–26. doi:10.31735/CTH.2018.06.130.1. S2CID 189625486. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
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