Old Norse religion (English Wikipedia)

"As religions and languages often spread at different speeds and cover different areas, the question of the ancientness of religious structures and essential elements of the North Germanic religion is treated separately from the question of language age" (Walter de Gruyter 2002:390) The Nordic Languages. Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter. 2002. p. 390. ISBN 978-3110197051. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
"The dying god of North Germanic religion is Baldr, that of the Phoenicians is Ba'al" (Vennemann 2012:390) Vennemann, Theo (2012). Germania Semitica. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 390. ISBN 978-3110300949. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
"Kuhn's arguments go back at least to his essay on North Germanic paganism in the early Christian era" (Niles & Amodio 1989:25) Niles, John D.; Amodio, Mark (1989). Anglo-Scandinavian England: Norse-English relations in the period before the Conquest. University Press of America. p. 25. ISBN 978-0819172679. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
"Genuine sources sources from the time of North Germanic paganism (runic inscriptions, ancient poetry etc.)" (Lönnroth 1965:25) Lönnroth, Lars (1965). European Sources of Icelandic Saga-Writing: An Essay Based on Previous Studies. Thule. p. 25. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
Sundqvist, An Arena for Higher Powers, pp. 87–90.
Turville-Petre, p. 221 Archived 23 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
"Hrafnkel's Saga", tr. Hermann Pálsson, in Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Icelandic Stories, Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1985, ISBN 9780140442380, ch. 1 Archived 23 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine: "He loved Frey above all the other gods and gave him a half-share in all his best treasures. ... He became their priest and chieftain, so he was given the nickname Frey's-Priest."
Margaret Clunies Ross, "Reading Þrymskviða", in The Poetic Edda: Essays on Old Norse Mythology, ed. Paul Acker and Carolyne Larrington, Routledge medieval casebooks, New York / London: Routledge, 2002, ISBN 9780815316602, pp. 177–94, p. 181.

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Nordland 1969, p. 66; Turville-Petre 1975, p. 3; Näsström 1999, p. 12; Näsström 2003, p. 1; Hedeager 2011, p. 104; Jennbert 2011, p. 12. Nordland, Odd (1969). "Valhall and Helgafell: Syncretistic Traits of the Old Norse Religion". Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis. 3: 66–99. doi:10.30674/scripta.67032. Turville-Petre, E. O. G. (1975) [First published 1964]. Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. Westport: Greenwood Press. Näsström, Britt-Mari (1999). "Fragments of the Past: How to Study Old Norse Religion". Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis. 17 (2): 177–85. doi:10.30674/scripta.67271. Näsström, Britt-Mari (2003) [First published 1995]. Freya: The Great Goddess of the North. Harwich Port: Clock and Rose Press. ISBN 978-1-593-86019-6. Hedeager, Lotte (2011). Iron Age Myth and Materiality: An Archaeology of Scandinavia AD 400–1000. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-113681725-0. Jennbert, Kristina (2011). Animals and Humans: Recurrent Symbiosis in Archaeology and Old Norse Religion. Nordic Academic Press. ISBN 978-9185509379.
Andrén 2005, p. 106; Andrén, Jennbert & Raudvere 2006, p. 12. Andrén, Anders (2005). "Behind "Heathendom": Archaeological Studies of Old Norse Religion". Scottish Archaeological Journal. 27 (2): 105–38. doi:10.3366/saj.2005.27.2.105. JSTOR 27917543. Andrén, Anders; Jennbert, Kristina; Raudvere, Catharina (2006). "Old Norse Religion: Some Problems and Prospects". In Jennbert, Kristina; Raudvere, Catharina; Andrén, Anders (eds.). Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. pp. 11–14. ISBN 978-9189116818.
Simpson 1967, p. 190. Simpson, Jacqueline (1967). "Some Scandinavian Sacrifices". Folklore. 78 (3): 190–202. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1967.9717093.
Gelling 1961, p. 13; Meaney 1970, p. 120; Jesch 2011, p. 15. Gelling, Margaret (1961). "Place-Names and Anglo-Saxon Paganism". University of Birmingham Historical Journal. 8: 7–25. Meaney, Audrey (1970). "Æthelweard, Ælfric, the Norse Gods and Northumbria". Journal of Religious History. 6 (2): 105–32. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9809.1970.tb00557.x. Jesch, Judith (2011). "The Norse Gods in England and the Isle of Man". In Anlezark, Daniel (ed.). Myths, Legends, and Heroes: Essays on Old Norse and Old English Literature. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 11–24. ISBN 978-0802099471.
Meaney 1970, p. 120. Meaney, Audrey (1970). "Æthelweard, Ælfric, the Norse Gods and Northumbria". Journal of Religious History. 6 (2): 105–32. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9809.1970.tb00557.x.
Nordland 1969, p. 67. Nordland, Odd (1969). "Valhall and Helgafell: Syncretistic Traits of the Old Norse Religion". Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis. 3: 66–99. doi:10.30674/scripta.67032.
Simpson 1967, p. 193. Simpson, Jacqueline (1967). "Some Scandinavian Sacrifices". Folklore. 78 (3): 190–202. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1967.9717093.
Schnurbein 2003, pp. 117–18. Schnurbein, Stefanie von (2003). "Shamanism in the Old Norse Tradition: A Theory between Ideological Camps". History of Religions. 43 (2): 116–38. doi:10.1086/423007.
Schnurbein 2003, p. 117. Schnurbein, Stefanie von (2003). "Shamanism in the Old Norse Tradition: A Theory between Ideological Camps". History of Religions. 43 (2): 116–38. doi:10.1086/423007.
Schnurbein 2003, p. 119. Schnurbein, Stefanie von (2003). "Shamanism in the Old Norse Tradition: A Theory between Ideological Camps". History of Religions. 43 (2): 116–38. doi:10.1086/423007.
Schnurbein 2003, p. 123. Schnurbein, Stefanie von (2003). "Shamanism in the Old Norse Tradition: A Theory between Ideological Camps". History of Religions. 43 (2): 116–38. doi:10.1086/423007.
Lucas & McGovern 2007, pp. 7–30. Lucas, Gavin; McGovern, Thomas (2007). "Bloody Slaughter: Ritual Decapitation and Display at the Viking Settlement of Hofstaðir, Iceland". European Journal of Archaeology. 10 (1): 7–30. doi:10.1177/1461957108091480. S2CID 163154813.
Abram 2011, p. 92 Price & Mortimer 2014, pp. 517–18. Abram, Christopher (2011). Myths of the Pagan North: The Gods of the Norsemen. New York and London: Continuum. ISBN 978-1847252470. Price, Neil; Mortimer, Paul (2014). "An Eye for Odin? Divine Role-Playing in the Age of Sutton Hoo". European Journal of Archaeology. 17 (3): 517–38. doi:10.1179/1461957113Y.0000000050. S2CID 161907810.
Schnurbein 2003, pp. 133–34. Schnurbein, Stefanie von (2003). "Shamanism in the Old Norse Tradition: A Theory between Ideological Camps". History of Religions. 43 (2): 116–38. doi:10.1086/423007.
Näsström 1999, pp. 177–79. Näsström, Britt-Mari (1999). "Fragments of the Past: How to Study Old Norse Religion". Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis. 17 (2): 177–85. doi:10.30674/scripta.67271.
Andrén 2005, p. 105. Andrén, Anders (2005). "Behind "Heathendom": Archaeological Studies of Old Norse Religion". Scottish Archaeological Journal. 27 (2): 105–38. doi:10.3366/saj.2005.27.2.105. JSTOR 27917543.

jstor.org

Andrén 2005, p. 106; Andrén, Jennbert & Raudvere 2006, p. 12. Andrén, Anders (2005). "Behind "Heathendom": Archaeological Studies of Old Norse Religion". Scottish Archaeological Journal. 27 (2): 105–38. doi:10.3366/saj.2005.27.2.105. JSTOR 27917543. Andrén, Anders; Jennbert, Kristina; Raudvere, Catharina (2006). "Old Norse Religion: Some Problems and Prospects". In Jennbert, Kristina; Raudvere, Catharina; Andrén, Anders (eds.). Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. pp. 11–14. ISBN 978-9189116818.
Andrén 2005, p. 105. Andrén, Anders (2005). "Behind "Heathendom": Archaeological Studies of Old Norse Religion". Scottish Archaeological Journal. 27 (2): 105–38. doi:10.3366/saj.2005.27.2.105. JSTOR 27917543.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lucas & McGovern 2007, pp. 7–30. Lucas, Gavin; McGovern, Thomas (2007). "Bloody Slaughter: Ritual Decapitation and Display at the Viking Settlement of Hofstaðir, Iceland". European Journal of Archaeology. 10 (1): 7–30. doi:10.1177/1461957108091480. S2CID 163154813.
Abram 2011, p. 92 Price & Mortimer 2014, pp. 517–18. Abram, Christopher (2011). Myths of the Pagan North: The Gods of the Norsemen. New York and London: Continuum. ISBN 978-1847252470. Price, Neil; Mortimer, Paul (2014). "An Eye for Odin? Divine Role-Playing in the Age of Sutton Hoo". European Journal of Archaeology. 17 (3): 517–38. doi:10.1179/1461957113Y.0000000050. S2CID 161907810.

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"As religions and languages often spread at different speeds and cover different areas, the question of the ancientness of religious structures and essential elements of the North Germanic religion is treated separately from the question of language age" (Walter de Gruyter 2002:390) The Nordic Languages. Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter. 2002. p. 390. ISBN 978-3110197051. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
"The dying god of North Germanic religion is Baldr, that of the Phoenicians is Ba'al" (Vennemann 2012:390) Vennemann, Theo (2012). Germania Semitica. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 390. ISBN 978-3110300949. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
"Kuhn's arguments go back at least to his essay on North Germanic paganism in the early Christian era" (Niles & Amodio 1989:25) Niles, John D.; Amodio, Mark (1989). Anglo-Scandinavian England: Norse-English relations in the period before the Conquest. University Press of America. p. 25. ISBN 978-0819172679. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
"Genuine sources sources from the time of North Germanic paganism (runic inscriptions, ancient poetry etc.)" (Lönnroth 1965:25) Lönnroth, Lars (1965). European Sources of Icelandic Saga-Writing: An Essay Based on Previous Studies. Thule. p. 25. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
Turville-Petre, p. 221 Archived 23 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
"Hrafnkel's Saga", tr. Hermann Pálsson, in Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Icelandic Stories, Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1985, ISBN 9780140442380, ch. 1 Archived 23 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine: "He loved Frey above all the other gods and gave him a half-share in all his best treasures. ... He became their priest and chieftain, so he was given the nickname Frey's-Priest."

wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

"Kuhn's arguments go back at least to his essay on North Germanic paganism in the early Christian era" (Niles & Amodio 1989:25) Niles, John D.; Amodio, Mark (1989). Anglo-Scandinavian England: Norse-English relations in the period before the Conquest. University Press of America. p. 25. ISBN 978-0819172679. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2020.

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De Vries 1970, Volume 1, p. 46. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, p. 60. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, p. 265. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 2, p. 284. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, p. 272. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, pp. 273–74. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, p. 414. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, p. 415. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, pp. 181–83. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, p. 187. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 2, p. 327. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, p. 332. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, pp. 330–33. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
De Vries 1970, Volume 1, pp. 382, 389, 409–10. De Vries, Jan (1970) [1956, 1957]. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte (2 vols.). Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 (3rd, reprint of 2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. OCLC 799742942.
Olsen 1966, pp. 127–42; English summary is at Olsen 1966, pp. 282–83. Olsen, Olaf (1966). Hørg, Hov og Kirke: Historiske og Arkæologiske Vikingetidsstudier. Copenhagen: Gad. OCLC 6819543. Olsen, Olaf (1966). Hørg, Hov og Kirke: Historiske og Arkæologiske Vikingetidsstudier. Copenhagen: Gad. OCLC 6819543.

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Anna Birgitta Rooth, Loki in Scandinavian Mythology, Acta Regiae Societatis humaniorum litterarum Lundensis 61, Lund: Gleerup, 1961, OCLC 902409942, pp. 162–65.
Jónas Gíslason "Acceptance of Christianity in Iceland in the Year 1000 (999)", in: Old Norse and Finnish Religions and Cultic Place-Names, ed. Tore Ahlbäck, Turku: Donner Institute for Research in Religious and Cultural History, 1991, OCLC 474369969, pp. 223–55.