Oligarchy (English Wikipedia)

Treisman, Daniel (November–December 2000). "Blaming Russia First". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 3 August 2004. Retrieved 13 May 2025.

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

Kuper, Simon (28 October 2023). "From Putin to Musk: the making of a modern-day oligarch". Financial Times. Retrieved 4 February 2025.

hir.harvard.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Unmaking Democracy: How Corporate Influence Is Eroding Democratic Governance". Harvard International Review. 4 May 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

hks.harvard.edu (Global: 8,510^th place; English: 5,169^th place)

"Oligarchy in the open: What happens now as the U.S. Is forced to confront its plutocracy problem?".

ijpr.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What Americans can learn from the story of Russia's oligarchs". Jefferson Public Radio. 4 February 2025. Retrieved 8 May 2025.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Rosivach, Vincent J. (1988). "The Tyrant in Athenian Democracy". Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica. 30 (3): 43–57. doi:10.2307/20546964. JSTOR 20546964.
Lewis, D. M. (1963). "Cleisthenes and Attica". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 12 (1): 25. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4434773.
Alwine, Andrew (2018). "The Soul of Oligarchy". Tapa. 148 (2). Johns Hopkins University Press: 235–267. doi:10.1353/apa.2018.0010. JSTOR 26695493. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
Rollar, Duane W. (1989). "Who Murdered Ephialtes?". Historia. 38 (3). JSTOR: 257–266. JSTOR 4436111. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
Cartledge, Paul (1978). "Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 98: 25–37. doi:10.2307/630191. JSTOR 630191.
Rahe, Paul A. (1980). "The Selection of Ephors at Sparta". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 29 (4): 385–401. JSTOR 4435730.
Hutchcroft, Paul D. (April 1991). "Oligarchs and Cronies in the Philippine State the Politics of Patrimonial Plunder". World Politics. 43 (3): 414–450. doi:10.2307/2010401. ISSN 1086-3338. JSTOR 2010401. S2CID 154855272.
Winters, Jeffrey A. (2017). "Wealth Defense and the Complicity of Liberal Democracy". Nomos. 58: 158–225. ISSN 0078-0979. JSTOR 26785952.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

Inskeep, Steve (4 February 2025). "What Americans can learn from the story of Russia's oligarchs". NPR. Retrieved 14 February 2025.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Herbert, Bob (19 July 1998). "The Donor Class". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
Confessore, Nicholas; Cohen, Sarah; Yourish, Karen (10 October 2015). "The Families Funding the 2016 Presidential Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
Lichtblau, Eric; Confessore, Nicholas (10 October 2015). "From Fracking to Finance, a Torrent of Campaign Cash – Top Donors List". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 March 2016.

oxfamamerica.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Is the U.S. witnessing the rise of oligarchy?". Oxfam. 17 January 2025. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
"Is the U.S. witnessing the rise of oligarchy?". Archived from the original on 14 November 2025. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

oxfordre.com (Global: 3,785^th place; English: 2,343^rd place)

Burn, Andrew Robert; Rhodes, P. J. (7 March 2016). "Themistocles, Athenian politician, c. 524–459 BCE". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford Research. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6340. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 25 April 2025.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

philstar.com (Global: 398^th place; English: 184^th place)

"Explainer: The oligarchy in the Philippines is more than just one family or firm". Philstar.com. Retrieved 15 May 2022.

pna.gov.ph (Global: 2,952^nd place; English: 1,397^th place)

Ruth Abbey Gita-Carlos. "Duterte takes pride in dismantling oligarchy". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 15 May 2022.

politico.com (Global: 243^rd place; English: 130^th place)

Wren, Adam (16 January 2025). "Playbook: The 'tech-industrial complex' comes to Washington". Politico. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
Piper, Jessica (5 December 2024). "Elon Musk was behind mysterious pro-Trump super PAC that invoked Ruth Bader Ginsburg". Politico. Retrieved 15 February 2024.

politico.eu (Global: 941^st place; English: 653^rd place)

Lunday, Chris (18 February 2025). "Germany's Habeck slams 'tech oligarch' Musk, calls for a European X". Politico Europe. Retrieved 20 February 2025.

princeton.edu (Global: 802^nd place; English: 528^th place)

press.princeton.edu

Simonton 2017, p. 21. Simonton, Matthew (2017). Classical Greek Oligarchy: A Political History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691192055.
Simonton 2017, pp. 23–24. Simonton, Matthew (2017). Classical Greek Oligarchy: A Political History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691192055.
Simonton 2017, p. 27. Simonton, Matthew (2017). Classical Greek Oligarchy: A Political History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691192055.
Simonton 2017, p. 28. Simonton, Matthew (2017). Classical Greek Oligarchy: A Political History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691192055.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Winters, Jeffrey; Page, Benjamin (2009). "Oligarchy in the United States?". Perspectives on Politics. 7 (4) (published December 2009): 731–751. doi:10.1017/S1537592709991770. S2CID 144432999. Retrieved 12 March 2022. the concept of oligarchy can be fruitfully applied not only to places like Singapore, Colombia, Russia, and Indonesia.
Winters, Jeffrey A.; Page, Benjamin I. (2009). "Oligarchy in the United States?". Perspectives on Politics. 7 (4): 731–751. doi:10.1017/S1537592709991770. Archived from the original on 16 August 2025. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

rferl.org (Global: 733^rd place; English: 555^th place)

"European Court: Khodorkovsky's Rights Violated". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

rollingstone.com (Global: 57^th place; English: 39^th place)

Kreps, Daniel (31 July 2015). "Jimmy Carter: America Is Now an 'Oligarchy'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 14 July 2024.

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; English: 451^st place)

journals.sagepub.com

Pruszyinski, Katie (24 March 2025). "Trump 2.0 and the New American Oligarchy". Political Insight. 16 (1): 8–11. doi:10.1177/20419058251332336a. Retrieved 21 April 2025.

semafor.com (Global: low place; English: 6,209^th place)

Semafor: AOC, Sanders erase Biden as progressive movement moves on

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Winters, Jeffrey; Page, Benjamin (2009). "Oligarchy in the United States?". Perspectives on Politics. 7 (4) (published December 2009): 731–751. doi:10.1017/S1537592709991770. S2CID 144432999. Retrieved 12 March 2022. the concept of oligarchy can be fruitfully applied not only to places like Singapore, Colombia, Russia, and Indonesia.
Hutchcroft, Paul D. (April 1991). "Oligarchs and Cronies in the Philippine State the Politics of Patrimonial Plunder". World Politics. 43 (3): 414–450. doi:10.2307/2010401. ISSN 1086-3338. JSTOR 2010401. S2CID 154855272.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Merrin, William; Hoskins, Andrew. Sharded Media: Trump's Rage Against the Mainstream. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 83–108. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84786-8_5. ISBN 978-3-031-84786-8. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
Naudé, Wim (22 March 2025). The Economic Decline of the West: Guns, Oil, and Oligarchs. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 55–96. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82299-5_3. ISBN 978-3-031-82298-8. Retrieved 21 April 2025.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

papers.ssrn.com

Mendoza, Ronald U.; Bulaong, Oscar Jr.; Mendoza, Gabrielle Ann S. (1 February 2022). "Cronyism, Oligarchy and Governance in the Philippines: 1970s vs 2020s". SSRN 4032259.

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; English: 1,063^rd place)

Quimpo, Nathan Gilbert (2015), "Can the Philippines' wild oligarchy be tamed?", Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Democratization, Routledge, pp. 347–362, doi:10.4324/9781315674735-30, ISBN 978-1-315-67473-5, retrieved 15 May 2022

the-american-interest.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Winters, Jeffrey A. (November–December 2011) [28 September 2011]. "Oligarchy and Democracy". The American Interest. 7 (2). Retrieved 17 August 2012.

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

Johnson, Simon (May 2009). "The Quiet Coup". The Atlantic. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
Berman, Russell (6 March 2025). "The Specter of American Oligarchy". The Atlantic. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Michel, Casey (21 September 2026). "We're not in a new Gilded Age in America: inequality is now far worse". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2026. Today's wealth gap is much bigger, and the country's richest have much more power than they once did. It's an Age of Oligarchy

theworld.org (Global: 5,753^rd place; English: 3,033^rd place)

"Indian billionaire businessman Gautam Adani faces scrutiny". The World from PRX. 24 April 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2025.

tnr.com (Global: low place; English: 6,544^th place)

Starr, Paul (24 August 2012). "America on the Brink of Oligarchy". The New Republic.

truthout.org (Global: low place; English: 8,642^nd place)

archive.truthout.org

Kroll, Andy (2 December 2010). "The New American Oligarchy". TomDispatch. Truthout. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

"ὀλίγος", Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
"ἄρχω", Liddell/Scott.
"ὀλιγαρχία". Liddell/Scott.

ucalgary.ca (Global: 3,492^nd place; English: 2,416^th place)

Plutarch, Lives. Life of Cimon.(University of Calgary/Wikisource)

uni-muenchen.de (Global: 3,271^st place; English: 3,435^th place)

mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de

Chernenko, Demid (2018). "Capital structure and oligarch ownership" (PDF). Economic Change and Restructuring. 52 (4). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: 383–411. doi:10.1007/S10644-018-9226-9.

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

Mulroy, Claire (10 March 2023). "This form of government leaves power in the hands of a few: Oligarchies explained". USA Today. Retrieved 21 April 2025.

uvm.edu (Global: 7,313^th place; English: 4,496^th place)

"Polybius on Governments".

vox.com (Global: 697^th place; English: 420^th place)

Prokop, A. (18 April 2014) "The new study about oligarchy that's blowing up the Internet, explained" Vox
Kim, Whizy (25 November 2024). "Elon Musk and the age of shameless oligarchy". Vox. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
Drutman, Lee (28 April 2025). "Democrats keep saying America is an "oligarchy." Is that true?". Vox. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Gilens, Martin; Page, Benjamin I. (7 December 2021). "Critics argued with our analysis of U.S. political inequality. Here are 5 ways they're wrong". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
"Rich people rule!". The Washington Post. 8 April 2014. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Esmael, Lisbet (29 June 2022). "Businesses under Duterte administration: Who gained, who got hurt?". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
Treisman, Daniel (November–December 2000). "Blaming Russia First". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 3 August 2004. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
Kroll, Andy (2 December 2010). "The New American Oligarchy". TomDispatch. Truthout. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
Winters, Jeffrey A.; Page, Benjamin I. (2009). "Oligarchy in the United States?". Perspectives on Politics. 7 (4): 731–751. doi:10.1017/S1537592709991770. Archived from the original on 16 August 2025. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
"Is the U.S. witnessing the rise of oligarchy?". Archived from the original on 14 November 2025. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Sevenans, Julie; Marié, Awenig; Breunig, Christian; Walgrave, Stefaan; Soontjens, Karolin; Vliegenthart, Rens (2025). "Are poor people poorly heard?". European Journal of Political Research. 64 (3): 1326–1350. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12750. ISSN 1475-6765.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Lewis, D. M. (1963). "Cleisthenes and Attica". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 12 (1): 25. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4434773.
Hayek, Friedrich A. von (1960). The Constitution of Liberty. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 238–242. ISBN 0-226-32084-7. OCLC 498999. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Goušchin, Valerij (26 February 2019). "Plutarch on Cimon, Athenian Expeditions, and Ephialtes' Reform (Plut. Cim. 14–17)". Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies. 59 (1): 38–56. ISSN 2159-3159. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
Hutchcroft, Paul D. (April 1991). "Oligarchs and Cronies in the Philippine State the Politics of Patrimonial Plunder". World Politics. 43 (3): 414–450. doi:10.2307/2010401. ISSN 1086-3338. JSTOR 2010401. S2CID 154855272.
Bashir, Omar S. (1 October 2015). "Testing Inferences about American Politics: A Review of the "Oligarchy" Result". Research & Politics. 2 (4) 2053168015608896. doi:10.1177/2053168015608896. ISSN 2053-1680.
Gilens, Martin; Page, Benjamin I. (7 December 2021). "Critics argued with our analysis of U.S. political inequality. Here are 5 ways they're wrong". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
Sevenans, Julie; Marié, Awenig; Breunig, Christian; Walgrave, Stefaan; Soontjens, Karolin; Vliegenthart, Rens (2025). "Are poor people poorly heard?". European Journal of Political Research. 64 (3): 1326–1350. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12750. ISSN 1475-6765.
Lupu, Noam; Warner, Zach (2022). "Why are the affluent better represented around the world?". European Journal of Political Research. 61 (1): 67–85. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12440. ISSN 1475-6765.
"Rich people rule!". The Washington Post. 8 April 2014. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
Winters, Jeffrey A. (2017). "Wealth Defense and the Complicity of Liberal Democracy". Nomos. 58: 158–225. ISSN 0078-0979. JSTOR 26785952.

Oligarchy (English Wikipedia)

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