Opal (English Wikipedia)

Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. (1985). Manual of Mineralogy (20th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-80580-9.
Fernie, William Thomas (1907). Precious Stones for Curative Wear. Bristol: John Wright & Co. pp. 248–249.

attawaygems.com

Swisher, James; Anthony, Edna B. "Let's Talk Gemstones: Opal". Archived from the original on 7 November 2011.

books.google.com

Eckert, Allan W. (1997). The World of Opals. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 56–57. ISBN 9780471133971. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016.
Egleston, T. (1887). Catalogue of minerals and synonyms. Washington: Gov. Print. Off. p. 238. OCLC 918261679. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Guinness, Medd (October 1992). "The Guinness Book of Records 1993. Guinness. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-85112-978-5. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016.

britishmuseum.org

"cameo; jewellery-case". The British Museum. Retrieved 7 January 2024.

diamonds.net

"Rapaport Magazine – A Designer Stone". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
"Rapaport Magazine – Ethiopian Opal". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.

doi.org

Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Sanders, J. V. (1964). "Colour of precious opal". Nature. 204 (496): 1151–1153. Bibcode:1964Natur.204.1151S. doi:10.1038/2041151a0. S2CID 4169953.
Sanders, J. V. (1968). "Diffraction of light by opals". Acta Crystallographica A. 24 (4): 427–434. Bibcode:1968AcCrA..24..427S. doi:10.1107/S0567739468000860.
Astratov, V. N.; Bogomolov, V. N.; Kaplyanskii, A. A.; Prokofiev, A. V.; Samoilovich, L. A.; Samoilovich, S. M.; Vlasov, Yu. A. (1995). "Optical spectroscopy of opal matrices with CdS embedded in its pores: Quantum confinement and photonic band gap effects". Il Nuovo Cimento D. 17 (11–12): 1349–1354. Bibcode:1995NCimD..17.1349A. doi:10.1007/bf02457208. S2CID 121167426.
Johnson, Mary L.; Kammerling, Robert C.; DeGhionno, Dino G.; Koivula, John I. (Summer 1996). "Opal from Shewa Province, Ethiopia". Gems & Gemology. 32 (2): 112–120. doi:10.5741/GEMS.32.2.112.
Rondeau, Benjamin (Summer 2010). "Play-of-color from Wegeltena, Wollo Province, Ethiopia". Gems & Gemology. doi:10.5741/GEMS.46.2.90.
Koivula, John (1983). "Opal from Querétaro, Mexico: Occurrence and Inclusions". Gems & Gemology. 19 (2): 87–96. doi:10.5741/GEMS.19.2.87.
Lova, Paola; Congiu, Simone; Sparnacci, Katia; Angelini, Angelo; Boarino, Luca; Laus, Michele; Stasio, Francesco Di; Comoretto, Davide (8 April 2020). "Core–shell silica–rhodamine B nanosphere for synthetic opals: from fluorescence spectral redistribution to sensing". RSC Advances. 10 (25): 14958–14964. Bibcode:2020RSCAd..1014958L. doi:10.1039/D0RA02245D. ISSN 2046-2069. PMC 9052040. PMID 35497145.
Tétreault, N.; Míguez, H.; Ozin, G. A. (2004). "Silicon Inverse Opal—A Platform for Photonic Bandgap Research". Advanced Materials. 16 (16): 1471–1476. Bibcode:2004AdM....16.1471T. doi:10.1002/adma.200400618. ISSN 1521-4095. S2CID 137194866.
Wilson, M.J. (2014). "The structure of opal-CT revisited". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 405: 68. Bibcode:2014JNCS..405...68W. doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.08.052. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
Cady, S. L.; Wenk, H.-R.; Downing, K. H. (1996). "HRTEM of microcrystalline opal in chert and porcelanite from the Monterey Formation, California" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 81 (11–12): 1380–1395. Bibcode:1996AmMin..81.1380C. doi:10.2138/am-1996-11-1211. S2CID 53527412. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.
Goldberg-Gist, Arlene (2003). "What's that Stuff? Opal". Chemical & Engineering News. 81 (4). doi:10.1021/cen-v081n004.p058.

eastidahonews.com

"If you've ever wanted an opal – it's time to visit Spencer | East Idaho News". East Idaho News. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2018.

gemsociety.org

Dr. Joel Arem; Donald Clark, CSM IMG (23 June 2015). "Opal Value, Price, and Jewelry". Gemsociety.org. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
"Opal Symbolism and Legends". International Gem Society. Retrieved 16 October 2022.

geology.com

"Opalised Wood". geology.com. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

geologypage.com

Page, Geology (21 June 2016). "Types of Opal". Geology Page. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
"Largest black opal in the world". 25 October 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.

gia.edu

"Opal Description". Gemological Institute of America. Retrieved 4 June 2018.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Sanders, J. V. (1964). "Colour of precious opal". Nature. 204 (496): 1151–1153. Bibcode:1964Natur.204.1151S. doi:10.1038/2041151a0. S2CID 4169953.
Sanders, J. V. (1968). "Diffraction of light by opals". Acta Crystallographica A. 24 (4): 427–434. Bibcode:1968AcCrA..24..427S. doi:10.1107/S0567739468000860.
Astratov, V. N.; Bogomolov, V. N.; Kaplyanskii, A. A.; Prokofiev, A. V.; Samoilovich, L. A.; Samoilovich, S. M.; Vlasov, Yu. A. (1995). "Optical spectroscopy of opal matrices with CdS embedded in its pores: Quantum confinement and photonic band gap effects". Il Nuovo Cimento D. 17 (11–12): 1349–1354. Bibcode:1995NCimD..17.1349A. doi:10.1007/bf02457208. S2CID 121167426.
Lova, Paola; Congiu, Simone; Sparnacci, Katia; Angelini, Angelo; Boarino, Luca; Laus, Michele; Stasio, Francesco Di; Comoretto, Davide (8 April 2020). "Core–shell silica–rhodamine B nanosphere for synthetic opals: from fluorescence spectral redistribution to sensing". RSC Advances. 10 (25): 14958–14964. Bibcode:2020RSCAd..1014958L. doi:10.1039/D0RA02245D. ISSN 2046-2069. PMC 9052040. PMID 35497145.
Tétreault, N.; Míguez, H.; Ozin, G. A. (2004). "Silicon Inverse Opal—A Platform for Photonic Bandgap Research". Advanced Materials. 16 (16): 1471–1476. Bibcode:2004AdM....16.1471T. doi:10.1002/adma.200400618. ISSN 1521-4095. S2CID 137194866.
Wilson, M.J. (2014). "The structure of opal-CT revisited". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 405: 68. Bibcode:2014JNCS..405...68W. doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.08.052. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
Cady, S. L.; Wenk, H.-R.; Downing, K. H. (1996). "HRTEM of microcrystalline opal in chert and porcelanite from the Monterey Formation, California" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 81 (11–12): 1380–1395. Bibcode:1996AmMin..81.1380C. doi:10.2138/am-1996-11-1211. S2CID 53527412. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.

itsanhonour.gov.au

"Gemstone". It's an Honour. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011.

mindat.org

"Opal". Mindat.org. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
"Glossary: Play of Color". Mindat. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
"Yowah Nut: Yowah Nut mineral information and data". Mindat.org. 20 February 2011. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
"Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Rainbow Ridge Mine". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Royal Peacock Group Mines, Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Bonanza Opal Workings (Virgin Opal), Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Opal Queen group, Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Stonetree Opal Mine, WRT Stonetree group, Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Boi Morto Mine, Pedro II, Piauí, Brazil". Mindat.org. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
"Xylopal". mindat.org. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
"Wood Opal - mindat.org". mindat.org. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
Opal-CT on Midat

minerals.net

"diatomite – The Mineral and Gemstone Kingdom". www.minerals.net. Retrieved 15 May 2018.

minsocam.org

Cady, S. L.; Wenk, H.-R.; Downing, K. H. (1996). "HRTEM of microcrystalline opal in chert and porcelanite from the Monterey Formation, California" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 81 (11–12): 1380–1395. Bibcode:1996AmMin..81.1380C. doi:10.2138/am-1996-11-1211. S2CID 53527412. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.

nasa.gov

jpl.nasa.gov

"NASA probe finds opals in Martian crevices". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2008.

nevadamining.org

"Opal – Nevada Mining Association". www.nevadamining.org. 19 December 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2020.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lova, Paola; Congiu, Simone; Sparnacci, Katia; Angelini, Angelo; Boarino, Luca; Laus, Michele; Stasio, Francesco Di; Comoretto, Davide (8 April 2020). "Core–shell silica–rhodamine B nanosphere for synthetic opals: from fluorescence spectral redistribution to sensing". RSC Advances. 10 (25): 14958–14964. Bibcode:2020RSCAd..1014958L. doi:10.1039/D0RA02245D. ISSN 2046-2069. PMC 9052040. PMID 35497145.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lova, Paola; Congiu, Simone; Sparnacci, Katia; Angelini, Angelo; Boarino, Luca; Laus, Michele; Stasio, Francesco Di; Comoretto, Davide (8 April 2020). "Core–shell silica–rhodamine B nanosphere for synthetic opals: from fluorescence spectral redistribution to sensing". RSC Advances. 10 (25): 14958–14964. Bibcode:2020RSCAd..1014958L. doi:10.1039/D0RA02245D. ISSN 2046-2069. PMC 9052040. PMID 35497145.

nrw.qld.gov.au

"Queensland opal". Archived from the original on 13 October 2007.

pmc.gov.au

"Australian National Gemstone". Australian Government, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 10 June 2018.

premcab.sa.gov.au

"Opal – South Australia's Gemstone". Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.

samuseum.sa.gov.au

"Opal Fossils". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
"Opals media releases". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 29 December 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
"$4 million worth of the South Australian Museum's opal collection for display in Qatar". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 17 December 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
"World's finest piece of uncut opal finds new home at the South Australian Museum". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Sanders, J. V. (1964). "Colour of precious opal". Nature. 204 (496): 1151–1153. Bibcode:1964Natur.204.1151S. doi:10.1038/2041151a0. S2CID 4169953.
Astratov, V. N.; Bogomolov, V. N.; Kaplyanskii, A. A.; Prokofiev, A. V.; Samoilovich, L. A.; Samoilovich, S. M.; Vlasov, Yu. A. (1995). "Optical spectroscopy of opal matrices with CdS embedded in its pores: Quantum confinement and photonic band gap effects". Il Nuovo Cimento D. 17 (11–12): 1349–1354. Bibcode:1995NCimD..17.1349A. doi:10.1007/bf02457208. S2CID 121167426.
Tétreault, N.; Míguez, H.; Ozin, G. A. (2004). "Silicon Inverse Opal—A Platform for Photonic Bandgap Research". Advanced Materials. 16 (16): 1471–1476. Bibcode:2004AdM....16.1471T. doi:10.1002/adma.200400618. ISSN 1521-4095. S2CID 137194866.
Cady, S. L.; Wenk, H.-R.; Downing, K. H. (1996). "HRTEM of microcrystalline opal in chert and porcelanite from the Monterey Formation, California" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 81 (11–12): 1380–1395. Bibcode:1996AmMin..81.1380C. doi:10.2138/am-1996-11-1211. S2CID 53527412. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.

si.edu

geogallery.si.edu

"Roebling Opal". National Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012.

mnh.si.edu

"The Dynamic Earth". National Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

umn.edu

license.umn.edu

"Macroporous Structures, Metal Oxides, Highly Ordered". Office for Technology Commercialization, Technology Marketing Site. University of Minnesota. 25 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

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web.archive.org

"Opal". Webmineral. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
"Opal". Mindat.org. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
Eckert, Allan W. (1997). The World of Opals. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 56–57. ISBN 9780471133971. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016.
Dr. Joel Arem; Donald Clark, CSM IMG (23 June 2015). "Opal Value, Price, and Jewelry". Gemsociety.org. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
Swisher, James; Anthony, Edna B. "Let's Talk Gemstones: Opal". Archived from the original on 7 November 2011.
"Yowah Nut: Yowah Nut mineral information and data". Mindat.org. 20 February 2011. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
"Gemstone". It's an Honour. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011.
"Rapaport Magazine – A Designer Stone". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
"Opal – South Australia's Gemstone". Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Yager, Thomas R. (1 December 2013), "The Mineral Industry of Ethiopia", United States Geological Survey, 2012 Minerals Yearbook (PDF), pp. 17.1 – 17.5, archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014
Tse, Pui-Kwan (1 December 2013), "The Mineral Industry of Australia", United States Geological Survey, 2012 Minerals Yearbook (PDF), pp. 3.1 – 3.27, archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014, retrieved 20 September 2014
"Rapaport Magazine – Ethiopian Opal". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
"Queensland opal". Archived from the original on 13 October 2007.
"Opal Fossils". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
Gashaw, Yidneka (8 April 2012). "Opal Trade Transforms North Wollo". Addis Fortune. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014.
"Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Rainbow Ridge Mine". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Royal Peacock Group Mines, Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Bonanza Opal Workings (Virgin Opal), Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Opal Queen group, Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Stonetree Opal Mine, WRT Stonetree group, Virgin Valley District, Humboldt Co., Nevada". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
"Roebling Opal". National Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012.
"Boi Morto Mine, Pedro II, Piauí, Brazil". Mindat.org. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
"NASA probe finds opals in Martian crevices". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
"Macroporous Structures, Metal Oxides, Highly Ordered". Office for Technology Commercialization, Technology Marketing Site. University of Minnesota. 25 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
Cady, S. L.; Wenk, H.-R.; Downing, K. H. (1996). "HRTEM of microcrystalline opal in chert and porcelanite from the Monterey Formation, California" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 81 (11–12): 1380–1395. Bibcode:1996AmMin..81.1380C. doi:10.2138/am-1996-11-1211. S2CID 53527412. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.
"The Dynamic Earth". National Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
Guinness, Medd (October 1992). "The Guinness Book of Records 1993. Guinness. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-85112-978-5. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016.
"Million-dollar opal Rainbow Virgin to go on display at SA exhibition celebrating centenary". ABC News. 2 August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 December 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
"Opals media releases". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 29 December 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
"$4 million worth of the South Australian Museum's opal collection for display in Qatar". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 17 December 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
"Largest black opal in the world". 25 October 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
"World's finest piece of uncut opal finds new home at the South Australian Museum". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.

webmineral.com

"Opal". Webmineral. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Cram, Len (2006). A history of South Australian opal, 1840–2005. Lightning Ridge, NSW: Len Cram. ISBN 978-0975721407. OCLC 225050989.
Egleston, T. (1887). Catalogue of minerals and synonyms. Washington: Gov. Print. Off. p. 238. OCLC 918261679. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Lova, Paola; Congiu, Simone; Sparnacci, Katia; Angelini, Angelo; Boarino, Luca; Laus, Michele; Stasio, Francesco Di; Comoretto, Davide (8 April 2020). "Core–shell silica–rhodamine B nanosphere for synthetic opals: from fluorescence spectral redistribution to sensing". RSC Advances. 10 (25): 14958–14964. Bibcode:2020RSCAd..1014958L. doi:10.1039/D0RA02245D. ISSN 2046-2069. PMC 9052040. PMID 35497145.
Tétreault, N.; Míguez, H.; Ozin, G. A. (2004). "Silicon Inverse Opal—A Platform for Photonic Bandgap Research". Advanced Materials. 16 (16): 1471–1476. Bibcode:2004AdM....16.1471T. doi:10.1002/adma.200400618. ISSN 1521-4095. S2CID 137194866.