Open-source software (English Wikipedia)

Napoleao, Bianca M.; Petrillo, Fabio; Halle, Sylvain (2020). "Open Source Software Development Process: A Systematic Review". 2020 IEEE 24th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC). IEEE. pp. 135–144. arXiv:2008.05015. doi:10.1109/EDOC49727.2020.00025. ISBN 978-1-7281-6473-1.
Wachs, Johannes; Nitecki, Mariusz; Schueller, William; Polleres, Axel (March 2002). "The Geography of Open Source Software: Evidence from GitHub". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 176 121478. arXiv:2107.03200. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121478.
Trinkenreich, Bianca; Wiese, Igor; Sarma, Anita; Gerosa, Marco; Steinmacher, Igor (31 October 2022). "Women's Participation in Open Source Software: A Survey of the Literature". ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. 31 (4): 1–37. arXiv:2105.08777. doi:10.1145/3510460. ISSN 1049-331X. S2CID 234778104.
Levine, Sheen S.; Prietula, Michael J. (30 December 2013). "Open Collaboration for Innovation: Principles and Performance". Organization Science. 25 (5): 1414–1433. arXiv:1406.7541. doi:10.1287/orsc.2013.0872. ISSN 1047-7039. S2CID 6583883.

boeckler.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lührsen, René; Heimstädt, Maximilian; Gegenhuber, Thomas (October 2025). "Organizing Public Support for Open Digital Infrastructure". Hans Böckler Stiftung (in German). Retrieved 18 August 2026.

bundeswirtschaftsministerium.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Wichtiger Schritt für nachhaltige Weiterentwicklung von Open-Source-Basistechnologien. Sovereign Tech Fund erhält dauerhafte Heimat". Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (in German). 4 November 2024. Retrieved 18 August 2026.

cnet.com (Global: 447^th place; English: 345^th place)

Shankland, Stephen (28 February 2008). "Is public domain software open-source?". CNET. Retrieved 15 July 2026.

danb.me (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brown, Dan (30 July 2022). "Why the Open Source Term is Important". danb.me. Retrieved 31 July 2026.

defense.gov (Global: 1,436^th place; English: 900^th place)

dodcio.defense.gov

US Department of Defense. "Open Source Software FAQ". Chief Information Officer. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Morgan, Lorraine; Finnegan, Patrick (2007). "Benefits and Drawbacks of Open Source Software: An Exploratory Study of Secondary Software Firms". Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation. IFIP — the International Federation for Information Processing. Vol. 234. Springer. pp. 307–312. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_33. ISBN 978-0-387-72485-0.
Schneider, Nathan (2021). "The Tyranny of Openness: What Happened to Peer Production?". Feminist Media Studies. 21 (8): 1411–1428. doi:10.1080/14680777.2021.1890183.
Lovejoy, Jilayne (20 October 2022). "Contributor Agreements". Open Source Law, Policy and Practice (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 113–125. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198862345.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-19-886234-5. Retrieved 2 August 2026.
Raymond, Eric (2005). "The Cathedral and the Bazaar (originally published in Volume 3, Number 3, March 1998)". First Monday. doi:10.5210/fm.v0i0.1472. ISSN 1396-0466.
Robles, Gregorio (2006). "Empirical Software Engineering Research on Free/Libre/Open Source Software". 2006 22nd IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance. pp. 347–350. doi:10.1109/icsm.2006.25. ISBN 0-7695-2354-4. S2CID 6589566.
Napoleao, Bianca M.; Petrillo, Fabio; Halle, Sylvain (2020). "Open Source Software Development Process: A Systematic Review". 2020 IEEE 24th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC). IEEE. pp. 135–144. arXiv:2008.05015. doi:10.1109/EDOC49727.2020.00025. ISBN 978-1-7281-6473-1.
Sharma, Srinarayan; Vijayan Sugumaran; Balaji Rajagopalan (2002). "A framework for creating hybrid-open source software communities" (PDF). Information Systems Journal. 12: 7–25. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00116.x. S2CID 5815589. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
Reynolds, Carl; Jeremy Wyatt (February 2011). "Open Source, Open Standards, and Health Care Information Systems". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 13 (1): e24. doi:10.2196/jmir.1521. PMC 3221346. PMID 21447469.
Landry, John; Rajiv Gupta (September 2000). "Profiting from Open Source". Harvard Business Review. doi:10.1225/F00503 (inactive 18 August 2026).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2026 (link)
Nagle, Frank (3 March 2019). "Government Technology Policy, Social Value, and National Competitiveness". Information Systems Journal. 12. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3355486. S2CID 85509685. SSRN 3355486.
Payne, Christian (February 2002). "On the Security of Open Source Software". Information Systems Journal. 12 (1): 61–78. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00118.x. S2CID 8123076.
Zolkifli, Nazatul Nurlisa; Ngah, Amir; Deraman, Aziz (2018). "Version Control System: A Review". Procedia Computer Science. 135: 408–415. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.191.
Spinellis, Diomidis; Giannikas, Vaggelis (2012). "Organizational adoption of open source software". Journal of Systems and Software. 85 (3): 666–682. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.037.
Zhang, Yiming; Malhotra, Baljeet; Chen, Cheng (2018). "Industry-Wide Analysis of Open Source Security". 2018 16th Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST). IEEE. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1109/PST.2018.8514185. ISBN 978-1-5386-7493-2. S2CID 53234981.
Maracke, Catharina (2019). "Free and Open Source Software and FRAND-based patent licenses: How to mediate between Standard Essential Patent and Free and Open Source Software". The Journal of World Intellectual Property. 22 (3–4): 78–102. doi:10.1111/jwip.12114. ISSN 1422-2213.
Miller, Keith W.; Voas, Jeffrey; Costello, Tom (2010). "Free and Open Source Software". IT Professional. 12 (6): 14–16. Bibcode:2010ITPro..12f..14M. doi:10.1109/mitp.2010.147. ISSN 1520-9202. S2CID 265508713.
Zhu, Kevin Xiaoguo; Zhou, Zach Zhizhong (2012). "Research Note —Lock-In Strategy in Software Competition: Open-Source Software vs. Proprietary Software". Information Systems Research. 23 (2): 536–545. doi:10.1287/isre.1110.0358. ISSN 1047-7047.
Laura Fortunato; Mark Galassi (29 March 2021). "The case for free and open source software in research and scholarship". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 379 (2197). Bibcode:2021RSPTA.37900079F. doi:10.1098/RSTA.2020.0079. ISSN 1364-503X. OSTI 1836982. PMID 33775148. Wikidata Q111919147. Retrieved 5 February 2026 – via OSTI.
Pinto, Gustavo; Steinmacher, Igor; Dias, Luiz Felipe; Gerosa, Marco (2018). "On the challenges of open-sourcing proprietary software projects". Empirical Software Engineering. 23 (6): 3221–3247. doi:10.1007/s10664-018-9609-6. ISSN 1382-3256. S2CID 254467440.
Ågerfalk; Fitzgerald (2008). "Outsourcing to an Unknown Workforce: Exploring Opensurcing as a Global Sourcing Strategy". MIS Quarterly. 32 (2): 385. doi:10.2307/25148845. ISSN 0276-7783. JSTOR 25148845.
Wachs, Johannes; Nitecki, Mariusz; Schueller, William; Polleres, Axel (March 2002). "The Geography of Open Source Software: Evidence from GitHub". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 176 121478. arXiv:2107.03200. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121478.
Rastogi, Ayushi; Nagappan, Nachiappan; Gousios, Georgios; van der Hoek, André (11 October 2018). "Relationship between geographical location and evaluation of developer contributions in github". Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. ACM. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1145/3239235.3240504. ISBN 978-1-4503-5823-1. S2CID 215822439.
Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus M.; Robles, Gregorio; Andradas-Izquierdo, Roberto; Ghosh, Rishab Aiyer (August 2008). "Geographic origin of libre software developers". Information Economics and Policy. 20 (4): 356–363. doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.07.001.
Bosu, Amiangshu; Sultana, Kazi Zakia (2019). "Diversity and Inclusion in Open Source Software (OSS) Projects: Where do We Stand?". 2019 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM). IEEE. pp. 1–11. doi:10.1109/ESEM.2019.8870179. ISBN 978-1-7281-2968-6. S2CID 197640269.
Nafus, Dawn (June 2012). "'Patches don't have gender': What is not open in open source software". New Media & Society. 14 (4): 669–683. doi:10.1177/1461444811422887. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 206727320.
Trinkenreich, Bianca; Wiese, Igor; Sarma, Anita; Gerosa, Marco; Steinmacher, Igor (31 October 2022). "Women's Participation in Open Source Software: A Survey of the Literature". ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. 31 (4): 1–37. arXiv:2105.08777. doi:10.1145/3510460. ISSN 1049-331X. S2CID 234778104.
Albusays, Khaled; Bjorn, Pernille; Dabbish, Laura; Ford, Denae; Murphy-Hill, Emerson; Serebrenik, Alexander; Storey, Margaret-Anne (April 2021). "The Diversity Crisis in Software Development". IEEE Software. 38 (2): 19–25. Bibcode:2021ISoft..38b..19A. doi:10.1109/MS.2020.3045817. ISSN 0740-7459.
Powers, Stephen M.; Hampton, Stephanie E. (2019). "Open science, reproducibility, and transparency in ecology". Ecological Applications. 29 (1): e01822. Bibcode:2019EcoAp..29E1822P. doi:10.1002/eap.1822. ISSN 1051-0761. PMID 30362295.
Cheliotis, Giorgos (2009). "From open source to open content: Organization, licensing and decision processes in open cultural production". Decision Support Systems. 47 (3): 229–244. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2009.02.006. ISSN 0167-9236.
Levine, Sheen S.; Prietula, Michael J. (30 December 2013). "Open Collaboration for Innovation: Principles and Performance". Organization Science. 25 (5): 1414–1433. arXiv:1406.7541. doi:10.1287/orsc.2013.0872. ISSN 1047-7039. S2CID 6583883.
Butler et al. 2022, p. 1. Butler, Simon; Gamalielsson, Jonas; Lundell, Björn; Brax, Christoffer; Mattsson, Anders; Gustavsson, Tomas; Feist, Jonas; Kvarnström, Bengt; Lönroth, Erik (2022). "Considerations and challenges for the adoption of open source components in software-intensive businesses". Journal of Systems and Software. 186 111152. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.111152. ISSN 0164-1212.
Butler et al. 2022, p. 11152. Butler, Simon; Gamalielsson, Jonas; Lundell, Björn; Brax, Christoffer; Mattsson, Anders; Gustavsson, Tomas; Feist, Jonas; Kvarnström, Bengt; Lönroth, Erik (2022). "Considerations and challenges for the adoption of open source components in software-intensive businesses". Journal of Systems and Software. 186 111152. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.111152. ISSN 0164-1212.
Zhou & Choudhary 2022, p. 731. Zhou, Zach Zhizhong; Choudhary, Vidyanand (2022). "Impact of Competition from Open Source Software on Proprietary Software". Production and Operations Management. 31 (2): 731–742. doi:10.1111/poms.13575.
August et al. 2021, pp. 1–2. August, Terrence; Chen, Wei; Zhu, Kevin (2021). "Competition Among Proprietary and Open-Source Software Firms: The Role of Licensing in Strategic Contribution". Management Science. 67 (5): 3041–3066. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2020.3674.
August et al. 2021, p. 1. August, Terrence; Chen, Wei; Zhu, Kevin (2021). "Competition Among Proprietary and Open-Source Software Firms: The Role of Licensing in Strategic Contribution". Management Science. 67 (5): 3041–3066. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2020.3674.
Morin et al. 2012, Compatibility, Proliferation, Fragmentation, and Directionality. Morin, Andrew; Urban, Jennifer; Sliz, Piotr (2012). "A Quick Guide to Software Licensing for the Scientist-Programmer". PLOS Computational Biology. 8 (7) e1002598. Bibcode:2012PLSCB...8E2598M. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002598. ISSN 1553-7358. PMC 3406002. PMID 22844236.

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"The Conflict That Is Open Source: Is It a Philosophy or a Dogma?". Electronic Design. 22 January 2001. Retrieved 12 July 2026.

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Spinellis, Diomidis; Giannikas, Vaggelis (2012). "Organizational adoption of open source software". Journal of Systems and Software. 85 (3): 666–682. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.037.
Wachs, Johannes; Nitecki, Mariusz; Schueller, William; Polleres, Axel (March 2002). "The Geography of Open Source Software: Evidence from GitHub". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 176 121478. arXiv:2107.03200. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121478.
Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus M.; Robles, Gregorio; Andradas-Izquierdo, Roberto; Ghosh, Rishab Aiyer (August 2008). "Geographic origin of libre software developers". Information Economics and Policy. 20 (4): 356–363. doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.07.001.

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forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

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Zhu, Kevin Xiaoguo; Zhou, Zach Zhizhong (2012). "Research Note —Lock-In Strategy in Software Competition: Open-Source Software vs. Proprietary Software". Information Systems Research. 23 (2): 536–545. doi:10.1287/isre.1110.0358. ISSN 1047-7047.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Ågerfalk; Fitzgerald (2008). "Outsourcing to an Unknown Workforce: Exploring Opensurcing as a Global Sourcing Strategy". MIS Quarterly. 32 (2): 385. doi:10.2307/25148845. ISSN 0276-7783. JSTOR 25148845.

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Mitchell, Kyle E. (11 May 2020). ""Open Source" Is Nobody's Property". /dev/lawyer. Retrieved 12 July 2026.

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"Copyright Notices in Open Source Software Projects". Linux Foundation. Retrieved 2 August 2026.

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Reynolds, Carl; Jeremy Wyatt (February 2011). "Open Source, Open Standards, and Health Care Information Systems". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 13 (1): e24. doi:10.2196/jmir.1521. PMC 3221346. PMID 21447469.
Laura Fortunato; Mark Galassi (29 March 2021). "The case for free and open source software in research and scholarship". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 379 (2197). Bibcode:2021RSPTA.37900079F. doi:10.1098/RSTA.2020.0079. ISSN 1364-503X. OSTI 1836982. PMID 33775148. Wikidata Q111919147. Retrieved 5 February 2026 – via OSTI.
Powers, Stephen M.; Hampton, Stephanie E. (2019). "Open science, reproducibility, and transparency in ecology". Ecological Applications. 29 (1): e01822. Bibcode:2019EcoAp..29E1822P. doi:10.1002/eap.1822. ISSN 1051-0761. PMID 30362295.
Morin et al. 2012, Compatibility, Proliferation, Fragmentation, and Directionality. Morin, Andrew; Urban, Jennifer; Sliz, Piotr (2012). "A Quick Guide to Software Licensing for the Scientist-Programmer". PLOS Computational Biology. 8 (7) e1002598. Bibcode:2012PLSCB...8E2598M. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002598. ISSN 1553-7358. PMC 3406002. PMID 22844236.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Reynolds, Carl; Jeremy Wyatt (February 2011). "Open Source, Open Standards, and Health Care Information Systems". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 13 (1): e24. doi:10.2196/jmir.1521. PMC 3221346. PMID 21447469.
Morin et al. 2012, Compatibility, Proliferation, Fragmentation, and Directionality. Morin, Andrew; Urban, Jennifer; Sliz, Piotr (2012). "A Quick Guide to Software Licensing for the Scientist-Programmer". PLOS Computational Biology. 8 (7) e1002598. Bibcode:2012PLSCB...8E2598M. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002598. ISSN 1553-7358. PMC 3406002. PMID 22844236.

nsf.gov (Global: 3,608^th place; English: 2,387^th place)

new.nsf.gov

"NSF invests over $26 million in open-source projects | NSF - National Science Foundation". new.nsf.gov. 25 October 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2024.

nus.edu.sg (Global: 2,453^rd place; English: 1,629^th place)

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Cheliotis, Giorgos (2009). "From open source to open content: Organization, licensing and decision processes in open cultural production". Decision Support Systems. 47 (3): 229–244. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2009.02.006. ISSN 0167-9236.

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Kaufman, Jeffrey Robert (3 October 2019). "Sharing vs. free vs. public: The real definition of open source". Opensource.com. Retrieved 15 July 2026.

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oreilly.com (Global: 6,944^th place; English: 5,088^th place)

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osf.io (Global: 8,809^th place; English: 5,705^th place)

Schneider, Nathan (2021). "The Tyranny of Openness: What Happened to Peer Production?". Feminist Media Studies. 21 (8): 1411–1428. doi:10.1080/14680777.2021.1890183.

osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; English: 1,146^th place)

Laura Fortunato; Mark Galassi (29 March 2021). "The case for free and open source software in research and scholarship". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 379 (2197). Bibcode:2021RSPTA.37900079F. doi:10.1098/RSTA.2020.0079. ISSN 1364-503X. OSTI 1836982. PMID 33775148. Wikidata Q111919147. Retrieved 5 February 2026 – via OSTI.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

academic.oup.com

Lovejoy, Jilayne (20 October 2022). "Contributor Agreements". Open Source Law, Policy and Practice (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 113–125. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198862345.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-19-886234-5. Retrieved 2 August 2026.

oziellaw.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

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publishing.service.gov.uk (Global: 1,837^th place; English: 948^th place)

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sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; English: 451^st place)

journals.sagepub.com

Nafus, Dawn (June 2012). "'Patches don't have gender': What is not open in open source software". New Media & Society. 14 (4): 669–683. doi:10.1177/1461444811422887. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 206727320.

sciencebusiness.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Matthews, David (31 May 2022). "Germany to launch sovereign tech fund to secure digital infrastructure". Science Business. Retrieved 18 August 2026.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

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Robles, Gregorio (2006). "Empirical Software Engineering Research on Free/Libre/Open Source Software". 2006 22nd IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance. pp. 347–350. doi:10.1109/icsm.2006.25. ISBN 0-7695-2354-4. S2CID 6589566.
Sharma, Srinarayan; Vijayan Sugumaran; Balaji Rajagopalan (2002). "A framework for creating hybrid-open source software communities" (PDF). Information Systems Journal. 12: 7–25. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00116.x. S2CID 5815589. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
Nagle, Frank (3 March 2019). "Government Technology Policy, Social Value, and National Competitiveness". Information Systems Journal. 12. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3355486. S2CID 85509685. SSRN 3355486.
Payne, Christian (February 2002). "On the Security of Open Source Software". Information Systems Journal. 12 (1): 61–78. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00118.x. S2CID 8123076.
Zhang, Yiming; Malhotra, Baljeet; Chen, Cheng (2018). "Industry-Wide Analysis of Open Source Security". 2018 16th Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST). IEEE. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1109/PST.2018.8514185. ISBN 978-1-5386-7493-2. S2CID 53234981.
Miller, Keith W.; Voas, Jeffrey; Costello, Tom (2010). "Free and Open Source Software". IT Professional. 12 (6): 14–16. Bibcode:2010ITPro..12f..14M. doi:10.1109/mitp.2010.147. ISSN 1520-9202. S2CID 265508713.
Pinto, Gustavo; Steinmacher, Igor; Dias, Luiz Felipe; Gerosa, Marco (2018). "On the challenges of open-sourcing proprietary software projects". Empirical Software Engineering. 23 (6): 3221–3247. doi:10.1007/s10664-018-9609-6. ISSN 1382-3256. S2CID 254467440.
Rastogi, Ayushi; Nagappan, Nachiappan; Gousios, Georgios; van der Hoek, André (11 October 2018). "Relationship between geographical location and evaluation of developer contributions in github". Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. ACM. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1145/3239235.3240504. ISBN 978-1-4503-5823-1. S2CID 215822439.
Bosu, Amiangshu; Sultana, Kazi Zakia (2019). "Diversity and Inclusion in Open Source Software (OSS) Projects: Where do We Stand?". 2019 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM). IEEE. pp. 1–11. doi:10.1109/ESEM.2019.8870179. ISBN 978-1-7281-2968-6. S2CID 197640269.
Nafus, Dawn (June 2012). "'Patches don't have gender': What is not open in open source software". New Media & Society. 14 (4): 669–683. doi:10.1177/1461444811422887. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 206727320.
Trinkenreich, Bianca; Wiese, Igor; Sarma, Anita; Gerosa, Marco; Steinmacher, Igor (31 October 2022). "Women's Participation in Open Source Software: A Survey of the Literature". ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. 31 (4): 1–37. arXiv:2105.08777. doi:10.1145/3510460. ISSN 1049-331X. S2CID 234778104.
Levine, Sheen S.; Prietula, Michael J. (30 December 2013). "Open Collaboration for Innovation: Principles and Performance". Organization Science. 25 (5): 1414–1433. arXiv:1406.7541. doi:10.1287/orsc.2013.0872. ISSN 1047-7039. S2CID 6583883.

sovereigntechfund.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

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springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Pinto, Gustavo; Steinmacher, Igor; Dias, Luiz Felipe; Gerosa, Marco (2018). "On the challenges of open-sourcing proprietary software projects". Empirical Software Engineering. 23 (6): 3221–3247. doi:10.1007/s10664-018-9609-6. ISSN 1382-3256. S2CID 254467440.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

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Manteghi, Maryna (2017). "Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing Mechanism: A Close Review of the Alternative Approach to Traditional Notions of Software Licensing". SSRN. SSRN 3082313. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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