Open city (English Wikipedia)

John W. Whitman (January 1998). "Manila: How Open Was This Open City?". Historynet. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

inquirer.net (Global: 348^th place; English: 163^rd place)

Romero, Segundo Eclar (3 September 2021). "'Open city'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2026.

Br, William (2 September 2009). "September 1939 Remembered". Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2016.

"Paris Declared Open City As Nazis Reach Suburbs". The Virgin Islands Daily News (2642): 1. 13 June 1940. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2020.

"Rome Declared Open City". The Morning Bulletin (24, 926): 1. 16 August 1943. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
"Hamburg Declared Open City; British Occupy It". The Morning Bulletin (25, 442): 1. 4 May 1945. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2017.

Katz, Robert (2007). "An Excerpt from The Battle for Rome: 'Open City'". theboot.it. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.

Br, William (2 September 2009). "September 1939 Remembered". Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
"Paris Declared Open City As Nazis Reach Suburbs". The Virgin Islands Daily News (2642): 1. 13 June 1940. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
John W. Whitman (January 1998). "Manila: How Open Was This Open City?". Historynet. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
"Japanese Bombs Fire Open City Of Manila; Civilian Toll Heavy; Invaders Gain In Luzon". The New York Times. XCI (30, 654): 1. 28 December 1941. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
"Rome Declared Open City". The Morning Bulletin (24, 926): 1. 16 August 1943. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Katz, Robert (2007). "An Excerpt from The Battle for Rome: 'Open City'". theboot.it. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
"World War II Chronology 1944". Archived from the original on 2 October 2006.
"Hamburg Declared Open City; British Occupy It". The Morning Bulletin (25, 442): 1. 4 May 1945. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Prime Minister of Japan. Is it possible for a city to declare itself an "defenseless"? (in Japanese)
Romero, Segundo Eclar (3 September 2021). "'Open city'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2026.