Open fracture (English Wikipedia)

Vanderhave, Kelly (2015). "Orthopedic Surgery". In Doherty, Gerard M. (ed.). CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Surgery (14 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
Menkes, Jeffrey S. (2016). "Initial Evaluation and Management of Orthopedic Injuries". In Tintinalli, Judith E.; Stapczynski, J. Stephan; Ma, O. John; Yealy, Donald M. (eds.). Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (8 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved November 5, 2018.

nice.org.uk (Global: 3,258^th place; English: 2,666^th place)

"Overview | Fractures (complex): assessment and management | Guidance | NICE". www.nice.org.uk. February 17, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2023.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chan, James K.-K.; Aquilina, Alexander L.; Lewis, Sharon R.; Rodrigues, Jeremy N.; Griffin, Xavier L.; Nanchahal, Jagdeep (April 1, 2022). "Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (4) CD013555. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013555.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8973274. PMID 35363374.
Gustilo, Ramon B. (July 1, 1979). "Use of Antimicrobials in the Management of Open Fractures". Archives of Surgery. 114 (7): 805–808. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1979.01370310047010. ISSN 0004-0010. PMID 454175.
Chan, James K-K; Aquilina, Alexander L; Lewis, Sharon R; Rodrigues, Jeremy N; Griffin, Xavier L; Nanchahal, Jagdeep (April 1, 2022). Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group (ed.). "Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (4) CD013555. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013555.pub2. PMC 8973274. PMID 35363374.
Mohamad J, Halawi; Michael P, Morwood (April 8, 2015). "Acute Management of Open Fractures: An Evidence-Based Review". Orthopaedics. 38 (11): 1026–1033. doi:10.3928/01477447-20151020-12. PMID 26558667. S2CID 21482036.
William W, Cross; Marc F, Swiontkowski (October 2008). "Treatment principles in the management of open fractures". Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 42 (4): 377–386. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.43373 (inactive July 12, 2025). PMC 2740354. PMID 19753224.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Halawi, Mohamad J.; Morwood, Michael P. (November 2015). "Acute Management of Open Fractures: An Evidence-Based Review". Orthopedics. 38 (11): e1025–1033. doi:10.3928/01477447-20151020-12. ISSN 1938-2367. PMID 26558667. S2CID 21482036.
Rodríguez-Merchán, Emerito Carlos (January 14, 2021). "A Review of Recent Developments in the Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Healing". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (2): 767. doi:10.3390/ijms22020767. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 7828700. PMID 33466612.
Paul, H Kim; Seth, S Leopold (May 9, 2012). "Gustilo-Anderson Classification". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 470 (11): 3270–3274. doi:10.1007/s11999-012-2376-6. PMC 3462875. PMID 22569719.
National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK) (2016). Fractures (Complex): Assessment and Management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Clinical Guidelines. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). PMID 26913311.
Morgenstern, M.; Vallejo, A.; McNally, M. A.; Moriarty, T. F.; Ferguson, J. Y.; Nijs, S.; Metsemakers, W. J. (2018). "The effect of local antibiotic prophylaxis when treating open limb fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Bone & Joint Research. 7 (7): 447–456. doi:10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2018-0043.R1. ISSN 2046-3758. PMC 6076360. PMID 30123494.
Chang, Yaping; Kennedy, Sean Alexander; Bhandari, Mohit; Lopes, Luciane Cruz; Bergamaschi, Cristiane de Cássia; Carolina de Oliveira E Silva, Maria; Bhatnagar, Neera; Mousavi, S. Mohsen; Khurshid, Saqib (June 9, 2015). "Effects of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients with Open Fracture of the Extremities: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials". JBJS Reviews. 3 (6): 1. doi:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.N.00088. ISSN 2329-9185. PMID 27490013. S2CID 7011075.
Olufemi, Olukemi Temiloluwa; Adeyeye, Adeolu Ikechukwu (2017). "Irrigation solutions in open fractures of the lower extremities: evaluation of isotonic saline and distilled water". SICOT-J. 3: 7. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2016031. ISSN 2426-8887. PMC 5278649. PMID 28134091.
O'Brien, C.L; Menon, M; Jomha, N.M (2014). "Controversies in the Management of Open Fractures". The Open Orthopaedics Journal. 8 (20): 178–184. doi:10.2174/1874325001408010178. PMC 4110387. PMID 25067972.
Davies, James; Roberts, Tobias; Limb, Richard; Mather, David; Thornton, Daniel; Wade, Ryckie G. (February 17, 2020). "Time to surgery for open hand injuries and the risk of surgical site infection: a prospective multicentre cohort study" (PDF). Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 45 (6): 622–628. doi:10.1177/1753193420905205. ISSN 1753-1934. PMID 32065001. S2CID 211136445.
Shao, Yinchu; Zou, Hongxing; Chen, Shaobo; Shan, Jichun (August 23, 2014). "Meta-analysis of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing for open tibial fractures". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 9 74. doi:10.1186/s13018-014-0074-7. ISSN 1749-799X. PMC 4145248. PMID 25149501.
Fu, Qiang; Zhu, Lei; Lu, Jiajia; Ma, Jun; Chen, Aimin (August 24, 2018). "External Fixation versus Unreamed Tibial Intramedullary Nailing for Open Tibial Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 12753. Bibcode:2018NatSR...812753F. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30716-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6109134. PMID 30143702.
Manway, Jeffrey; Highlander, Peter (November 14, 2014). "Open Fractures of the Foot and Ankle". Foot & Ankle Specialist. 8 (1): 59–64. doi:10.1177/1938640014557072. ISSN 1938-6400. PMID 25398852. S2CID 8695455.
Schlatterer, Daniel R.; Hirschfeld, Adam G.; Webb, Lawrence X. (January 17, 2015). "Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Grade IIIB Tibial Fractures: Fewer Infections and Fewer Flap Procedures?". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 473 (5): 1802–1811. doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4140-1. ISSN 0009-921X. PMC 4385370. PMID 25595096.
Iheozor-Ejiofor, Zipporah; Newton, Katy; Dumville, Jo C; Costa, Matthew L; Norman, Gill; Bruce, Julie (July 3, 2018). "Negative pressure wound therapy for open traumatic wounds". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (7) CD012522. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012522.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 6513538. PMID 29969521.
Okike, Kanu; Bhattacharyya, Timothy (December 2006). "Trends in the Management of Open Fractures: A Critical Analysis". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 88 (12): 2739–2748. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00146. ISSN 0021-9355. PMID 17142427.
Okike, Kanu; Bhattacharyya, Timothy (December 2006). "Trends in the Management of Open Fractures: A Critical Analysis". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 88 (12): 2739–2748. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00146. ISSN 0021-9355. PMID 17142427.
Sop, Jessica L.; Sop, Aaron (2022), "Open Fracture Management", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 28846249, retrieved November 10, 2022
Kortram, Kirsten; Bezstarosti, Hans; Metsemakers, Willem-Jan; Raschke, Michael J.; Van Lieshout, Esther M.M.; Verhofstad, Michael H.J. (October 2017). "Risk factors for infectious complications after open fractures; a systematic review and meta-analysis". International Orthopaedics. 41 (10): 1965–1982. doi:10.1007/s00264-017-3556-5. hdl:1765/101009. ISSN 0341-2695. PMID 28744800. S2CID 23589948.
Dreyfus, Jill G.; Yu, Holly; Begier, Elizabeth; Gayle, Julie; Olsen, Margaret A. (January 2022). "Incidence and burden of Staphylococcus aureus infection after orthopedic surgeries". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 43 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1017/ice.2021.65. ISSN 0899-823X. PMID 34034839. S2CID 235199988.
Blomstedt, Patric (December 2014). "Orthopedic surgery in ancient Egypt". Acta Orthopaedica. 85 (6): 670–676. doi:10.3109/17453674.2014.950468. ISSN 1745-3674. PMC 4259025. PMID 25140982.
Buckwalter, Joseph A. (2000). "Advancing the Science and Art of Orthopaedics: Lessons from History". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 82 (12): 1782–1800. doi:10.2106/00004623-200012000-00012. PMID 11130651.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chan, James K.-K.; Aquilina, Alexander L.; Lewis, Sharon R.; Rodrigues, Jeremy N.; Griffin, Xavier L.; Nanchahal, Jagdeep (April 1, 2022). "Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (4) CD013555. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013555.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8973274. PMID 35363374.
Chan, James K-K; Aquilina, Alexander L; Lewis, Sharon R; Rodrigues, Jeremy N; Griffin, Xavier L; Nanchahal, Jagdeep (April 1, 2022). Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group (ed.). "Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (4) CD013555. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013555.pub2. PMC 8973274. PMID 35363374.
William W, Cross; Marc F, Swiontkowski (October 2008). "Treatment principles in the management of open fractures". Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 42 (4): 377–386. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.43373 (inactive July 12, 2025). PMC 2740354. PMID 19753224.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Rodríguez-Merchán, Emerito Carlos (January 14, 2021). "A Review of Recent Developments in the Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Healing". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (2): 767. doi:10.3390/ijms22020767. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 7828700. PMID 33466612.
Paul, H Kim; Seth, S Leopold (May 9, 2012). "Gustilo-Anderson Classification". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 470 (11): 3270–3274. doi:10.1007/s11999-012-2376-6. PMC 3462875. PMID 22569719.
National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK) (2016). Fractures (Complex): Assessment and Management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Clinical Guidelines. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). PMID 26913311.
Morgenstern, M.; Vallejo, A.; McNally, M. A.; Moriarty, T. F.; Ferguson, J. Y.; Nijs, S.; Metsemakers, W. J. (2018). "The effect of local antibiotic prophylaxis when treating open limb fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Bone & Joint Research. 7 (7): 447–456. doi:10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2018-0043.R1. ISSN 2046-3758. PMC 6076360. PMID 30123494.
Olufemi, Olukemi Temiloluwa; Adeyeye, Adeolu Ikechukwu (2017). "Irrigation solutions in open fractures of the lower extremities: evaluation of isotonic saline and distilled water". SICOT-J. 3: 7. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2016031. ISSN 2426-8887. PMC 5278649. PMID 28134091.
O'Brien, C.L; Menon, M; Jomha, N.M (2014). "Controversies in the Management of Open Fractures". The Open Orthopaedics Journal. 8 (20): 178–184. doi:10.2174/1874325001408010178. PMC 4110387. PMID 25067972.
Shao, Yinchu; Zou, Hongxing; Chen, Shaobo; Shan, Jichun (August 23, 2014). "Meta-analysis of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing for open tibial fractures". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 9 74. doi:10.1186/s13018-014-0074-7. ISSN 1749-799X. PMC 4145248. PMID 25149501.
Fu, Qiang; Zhu, Lei; Lu, Jiajia; Ma, Jun; Chen, Aimin (August 24, 2018). "External Fixation versus Unreamed Tibial Intramedullary Nailing for Open Tibial Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 12753. Bibcode:2018NatSR...812753F. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30716-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6109134. PMID 30143702.
Schlatterer, Daniel R.; Hirschfeld, Adam G.; Webb, Lawrence X. (January 17, 2015). "Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Grade IIIB Tibial Fractures: Fewer Infections and Fewer Flap Procedures?". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 473 (5): 1802–1811. doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4140-1. ISSN 0009-921X. PMC 4385370. PMID 25595096.
Iheozor-Ejiofor, Zipporah; Newton, Katy; Dumville, Jo C; Costa, Matthew L; Norman, Gill; Bruce, Julie (July 3, 2018). "Negative pressure wound therapy for open traumatic wounds". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (7) CD012522. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012522.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 6513538. PMID 29969521.
Sop, Jessica L.; Sop, Aaron (2022), "Open Fracture Management", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 28846249, retrieved November 10, 2022
Blomstedt, Patric (December 2014). "Orthopedic surgery in ancient Egypt". Acta Orthopaedica. 85 (6): 670–676. doi:10.3109/17453674.2014.950468. ISSN 1745-3674. PMC 4259025. PMID 25140982.

orthoinfo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Open Fractures - OrthoInfo - AAOS". www.orthoinfo.org. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
"Open Fractures - OrthoInfo - AAOS". www.orthoinfo.org. Retrieved March 26, 2023.

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

academic.oup.com

Eccles, Simon; Handley, Bob; Khan, Umraz; McFadyen, Iain; Nanchahal, Jagdeep; Nayagam, Selvadurai, eds. (August 1, 2020). "Patient Experience of Open Fracture and Practical Psychological Support". Standards for the Management of Open Fractures. Oxford University PressOxford. pp. 159–168. doi:10.1093/med/9780198849360.003.0017. ISBN 978-0-19-884936-0.

ovid.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ovidsp.tx.ovid.com

"Ovid: Externer Link". ovidsp.tx.ovid.com. Retrieved November 10, 2017.^{[permanent dead link]}

pcori.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Comparing Two Antiseptic Skin Solutions for Patients Receiving Surgery for Fractures: Clinician Evidence Update". www.pcori.org. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). September 19, 2025. Retrieved October 31, 2025.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

Ali, Parveen; Santy-Tomlinson, Julie; Watson, Roger (November 1, 2014). "Assessment and diagnosis of acute limb compartment syndrome: A literature review". International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. 18 (4): 180–190. doi:10.1016/j.ijotn.2014.01.002. ISSN 1878-1241.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Mohamad J, Halawi; Michael P, Morwood (April 8, 2015). "Acute Management of Open Fractures: An Evidence-Based Review". Orthopaedics. 38 (11): 1026–1033. doi:10.3928/01477447-20151020-12. PMID 26558667. S2CID 21482036.
Halawi, Mohamad J.; Morwood, Michael P. (November 2015). "Acute Management of Open Fractures: An Evidence-Based Review". Orthopedics. 38 (11): e1025–1033. doi:10.3928/01477447-20151020-12. ISSN 1938-2367. PMID 26558667. S2CID 21482036.
Chang, Yaping; Kennedy, Sean Alexander; Bhandari, Mohit; Lopes, Luciane Cruz; Bergamaschi, Cristiane de Cássia; Carolina de Oliveira E Silva, Maria; Bhatnagar, Neera; Mousavi, S. Mohsen; Khurshid, Saqib (June 9, 2015). "Effects of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients with Open Fracture of the Extremities: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials". JBJS Reviews. 3 (6): 1. doi:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.N.00088. ISSN 2329-9185. PMID 27490013. S2CID 7011075.
Davies, James; Roberts, Tobias; Limb, Richard; Mather, David; Thornton, Daniel; Wade, Ryckie G. (February 17, 2020). "Time to surgery for open hand injuries and the risk of surgical site infection: a prospective multicentre cohort study" (PDF). Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 45 (6): 622–628. doi:10.1177/1753193420905205. ISSN 1753-1934. PMID 32065001. S2CID 211136445.
Manway, Jeffrey; Highlander, Peter (November 14, 2014). "Open Fractures of the Foot and Ankle". Foot & Ankle Specialist. 8 (1): 59–64. doi:10.1177/1938640014557072. ISSN 1938-6400. PMID 25398852. S2CID 8695455.
Kortram, Kirsten; Bezstarosti, Hans; Metsemakers, Willem-Jan; Raschke, Michael J.; Van Lieshout, Esther M.M.; Verhofstad, Michael H.J. (October 2017). "Risk factors for infectious complications after open fractures; a systematic review and meta-analysis". International Orthopaedics. 41 (10): 1965–1982. doi:10.1007/s00264-017-3556-5. hdl:1765/101009. ISSN 0341-2695. PMID 28744800. S2CID 23589948.
Dreyfus, Jill G.; Yu, Holly; Begier, Elizabeth; Gayle, Julie; Olsen, Margaret A. (January 2022). "Incidence and burden of Staphylococcus aureus infection after orthopedic surgeries". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 43 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1017/ice.2021.65. ISSN 0899-823X. PMID 34034839. S2CID 235199988.

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

link.springer.com

Kortram, Kirsten; Bezstarosti, Hans; Metsemakers, Willem-Jan; Raschke, Michael J.; Van Lieshout, Esther M.M.; Verhofstad, Michael H.J. (October 2017). "Risk factors for infectious complications after open fractures; a systematic review and meta-analysis". International Orthopaedics. 41 (10): 1965–1982. doi:10.1007/s00264-017-3556-5. hdl:1765/101009. ISSN 0341-2695. PMID 28744800. S2CID 23589948.

whiterose.ac.uk (Global: 4,124^th place; English: 2,320^th place)

eprints.whiterose.ac.uk

Davies, James; Roberts, Tobias; Limb, Richard; Mather, David; Thornton, Daniel; Wade, Ryckie G. (February 17, 2020). "Time to surgery for open hand injuries and the risk of surgical site infection: a prospective multicentre cohort study" (PDF). Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 45 (6): 622–628. doi:10.1177/1753193420905205. ISSN 1753-1934. PMID 32065001. S2CID 211136445.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Chan, James K.-K.; Aquilina, Alexander L.; Lewis, Sharon R.; Rodrigues, Jeremy N.; Griffin, Xavier L.; Nanchahal, Jagdeep (April 1, 2022). "Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (4) CD013555. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013555.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8973274. PMID 35363374.
Gustilo, Ramon B. (July 1, 1979). "Use of Antimicrobials in the Management of Open Fractures". Archives of Surgery. 114 (7): 805–808. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1979.01370310047010. ISSN 0004-0010. PMID 454175.
Halawi, Mohamad J.; Morwood, Michael P. (November 2015). "Acute Management of Open Fractures: An Evidence-Based Review". Orthopedics. 38 (11): e1025–1033. doi:10.3928/01477447-20151020-12. ISSN 1938-2367. PMID 26558667. S2CID 21482036.
Rodríguez-Merchán, Emerito Carlos (January 14, 2021). "A Review of Recent Developments in the Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Healing". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (2): 767. doi:10.3390/ijms22020767. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 7828700. PMID 33466612.
Morgenstern, M.; Vallejo, A.; McNally, M. A.; Moriarty, T. F.; Ferguson, J. Y.; Nijs, S.; Metsemakers, W. J. (2018). "The effect of local antibiotic prophylaxis when treating open limb fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Bone & Joint Research. 7 (7): 447–456. doi:10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2018-0043.R1. ISSN 2046-3758. PMC 6076360. PMID 30123494.
Chang, Yaping; Kennedy, Sean Alexander; Bhandari, Mohit; Lopes, Luciane Cruz; Bergamaschi, Cristiane de Cássia; Carolina de Oliveira E Silva, Maria; Bhatnagar, Neera; Mousavi, S. Mohsen; Khurshid, Saqib (June 9, 2015). "Effects of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients with Open Fracture of the Extremities: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials". JBJS Reviews. 3 (6): 1. doi:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.N.00088. ISSN 2329-9185. PMID 27490013. S2CID 7011075.
Olufemi, Olukemi Temiloluwa; Adeyeye, Adeolu Ikechukwu (2017). "Irrigation solutions in open fractures of the lower extremities: evaluation of isotonic saline and distilled water". SICOT-J. 3: 7. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2016031. ISSN 2426-8887. PMC 5278649. PMID 28134091.
Davies, James; Roberts, Tobias; Limb, Richard; Mather, David; Thornton, Daniel; Wade, Ryckie G. (February 17, 2020). "Time to surgery for open hand injuries and the risk of surgical site infection: a prospective multicentre cohort study" (PDF). Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 45 (6): 622–628. doi:10.1177/1753193420905205. ISSN 1753-1934. PMID 32065001. S2CID 211136445.
Shao, Yinchu; Zou, Hongxing; Chen, Shaobo; Shan, Jichun (August 23, 2014). "Meta-analysis of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing for open tibial fractures". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 9 74. doi:10.1186/s13018-014-0074-7. ISSN 1749-799X. PMC 4145248. PMID 25149501.
Fu, Qiang; Zhu, Lei; Lu, Jiajia; Ma, Jun; Chen, Aimin (August 24, 2018). "External Fixation versus Unreamed Tibial Intramedullary Nailing for Open Tibial Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 12753. Bibcode:2018NatSR...812753F. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30716-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6109134. PMID 30143702.
Manway, Jeffrey; Highlander, Peter (November 14, 2014). "Open Fractures of the Foot and Ankle". Foot & Ankle Specialist. 8 (1): 59–64. doi:10.1177/1938640014557072. ISSN 1938-6400. PMID 25398852. S2CID 8695455.
Schlatterer, Daniel R.; Hirschfeld, Adam G.; Webb, Lawrence X. (January 17, 2015). "Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Grade IIIB Tibial Fractures: Fewer Infections and Fewer Flap Procedures?". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 473 (5): 1802–1811. doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4140-1. ISSN 0009-921X. PMC 4385370. PMID 25595096.
Iheozor-Ejiofor, Zipporah; Newton, Katy; Dumville, Jo C; Costa, Matthew L; Norman, Gill; Bruce, Julie (July 3, 2018). "Negative pressure wound therapy for open traumatic wounds". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (7) CD012522. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012522.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 6513538. PMID 29969521.
Okike, Kanu; Bhattacharyya, Timothy (December 2006). "Trends in the Management of Open Fractures: A Critical Analysis". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 88 (12): 2739–2748. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00146. ISSN 0021-9355. PMID 17142427.
Okike, Kanu; Bhattacharyya, Timothy (December 2006). "Trends in the Management of Open Fractures: A Critical Analysis". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 88 (12): 2739–2748. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00146. ISSN 0021-9355. PMID 17142427.
Ali, Parveen; Santy-Tomlinson, Julie; Watson, Roger (November 1, 2014). "Assessment and diagnosis of acute limb compartment syndrome: A literature review". International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. 18 (4): 180–190. doi:10.1016/j.ijotn.2014.01.002. ISSN 1878-1241.
Kortram, Kirsten; Bezstarosti, Hans; Metsemakers, Willem-Jan; Raschke, Michael J.; Van Lieshout, Esther M.M.; Verhofstad, Michael H.J. (October 2017). "Risk factors for infectious complications after open fractures; a systematic review and meta-analysis". International Orthopaedics. 41 (10): 1965–1982. doi:10.1007/s00264-017-3556-5. hdl:1765/101009. ISSN 0341-2695. PMID 28744800. S2CID 23589948.
Dreyfus, Jill G.; Yu, Holly; Begier, Elizabeth; Gayle, Julie; Olsen, Margaret A. (January 2022). "Incidence and burden of Staphylococcus aureus infection after orthopedic surgeries". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 43 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1017/ice.2021.65. ISSN 0899-823X. PMID 34034839. S2CID 235199988.
Blomstedt, Patric (December 2014). "Orthopedic surgery in ancient Egypt". Acta Orthopaedica. 85 (6): 670–676. doi:10.3109/17453674.2014.950468. ISSN 1745-3674. PMC 4259025. PMID 25140982.

Open fracture (English Wikipedia)

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mhmedical.com (Global: 6,846th place; English: 4,957th place)

accessmedicine.mhmedical.com

nice.org.uk (Global: 3,258th place; English: 2,666th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

orthoinfo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

oup.com (Global: 485th place; English: 440th place)

academic.oup.com

ovid.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ovidsp.tx.ovid.com

pcori.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149th place; English: 178th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

springer.com (Global: 274th place; English: 309th place)

link.springer.com

whiterose.ac.uk (Global: 4,124th place; English: 2,320th place)

eprints.whiterose.ac.uk

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

aaos.org (Global: 7,491^st place; English: 4,817^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

lww.com (Global: 2,769^th place; English: 3,314^th place)

mhmedical.com (Global: 6,846^th place; English: 4,957^th place)

nice.org.uk (Global: 3,258^th place; English: 2,666^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

whiterose.ac.uk (Global: 4,124^th place; English: 2,320^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)