Opera (English Wikipedia)

Parker 1994, ch. 1; articles on Peri and Monteverdi in The Viking Opera Guide. Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
- Parker 1994, ch. 1–3. Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
  - Parker 1994, ch. 5, 8,9; Viking Opera Guide entry on Verdi. Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
    - Man and Music: the Classical Era ed. Neal Zaslaw (Macmillan, 1989), pp. 242–247, 258–260; Parker 1994, pp. 58–63, 98–103. Articles on Hasse, Graun and Hiller in Viking Opera Guide. Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
      - General outline for this section from Parker 1994, chapters 1–3, 6, 8 and 9, and The Oxford Companion to Music; more specific references from the individual composer entries in The Viking Opera Guide. Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
        Tyrrell, John. "7. Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian Opera to 1900". In Parker (1994).
        Grout, Donald Jay; Williams, Hermine Weigel (2003). A Short History of Opera. Columbia University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-231-11958-0. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
        General outline for this section from Parker 1994, chapters 1–4, 8 and 9; and The Oxford Companion to Music (10th ed., 1968); more specific references from the individual composer entries in The Viking Opera Guide. Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
        Tyrrell, John. "7. Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian Opera to 1900". In Parker (1994).
        Parker 1994, ch. 1, 3, 9. The Viking Opera Guide articles on Blow, Purcell and Britten. Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
        Tyrrell, John. "7. Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian Opera to 1900". In Parker (1994).
        Taruskin, Richard: "Russia" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992); Parker 1994, ch. 7–9 Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
        Tyrrell, John. "7. Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian Opera to 1900". In Parker (1994).
        Parker 1994, ch. 8; The Viking Opera Guide articles on Schoenberg, Berg and Stravinsky; Malcolm MacDonald, Schoenberg (Dent, 1976); Francis Routh, Stravinsky (Dent, 1975). Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
        Tyrrell, John. "7. Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian Opera to 1900". In Parker (1994).
        General reference for this section: Parker 1994, ch. 9 Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
        Tyrrell, John. "7. Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian Opera to 1900". In Parker (1994).
        Parker 1994, ch. 11. Parker, Roger, ed. (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0 – via Internet Archive.
        Tyrrell, John. "7. Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian Opera to 1900". In Parker (1994).

artscouncil.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Arts Council England's analysis of its investment in large-scale opera and ballet". Arts Council England. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

Willey, David (27 October 2005). "Italy facing opera funding crisis". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2010.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Thomas, Downing A (15 June 1995). Music and the Origins of Language: Theories from the French Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-521-47307-1.
Heyer, John Hajdu (7 December 2000). Lully Studies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62183-0 – via Google Books.
Lippman, Edward A. (26 November 1992). A History of Western Musical Aesthetics. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-7951-3 – via Google Books.
Abazov, Rafis (2007). Culture and Customs of the Central Asian Republics Archived 3 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 144–145. Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-33656-3
Igmen, Ali F. (2012). Speaking Soviet with an Accent. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-8229-7809-1.
Chris Walton, "Neo-classical opera" in Cooke 2005, p. 108 Cooke, Mervyn (2005). The Cambridge Companion to Twentieth-Century Opera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78009-8. See also Google Books partial preview.
Burrows, Donald (2012). Handel. Oxford University Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-19-973736-9. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
Partii, Heidi (2014). "Supporting Collaboration in Changing Cultural Landscapes", pp. 208–209 in Margaret S Barrett (ed.) Collaborative Creative Thought and Practice in Music. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 1-4724-1584-1

classicfm.com (Global: 4,006^th place; English: 2,582^nd place)

"Minimalist music: where to start". Classic FM. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
Classic FM (26 August 2009). "Download Glyndebourne" Archived 23 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 May 2016.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hayes, Jeremy; Brown, Bruce Alan; Loppert, Max; Dean, Winton (2022). "Gluck, Christoph Willibald Ritter von". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O007318. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
Scott, Derek B. (1998). "Orientalism and Musical Style". The Musical Quarterly. 82 (2): 323. doi:10.1093/mq/82.2.309. JSTOR 742411.

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

"Special report: Hands in their pockets". The Economist. 16 August 2001. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018.

emergingpictures.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

opera.emergingpictures.com

Emerging Pictures Archived 30 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine

ibdb.com (Global: 337^th place; English: 280^th place)

La bohème 8 December 2002 – 29 June 2003 at the Internet Broadway Database

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

Clark, Nick (15 February 2015). "English National Opera's public funding may be withdrawn" The Independent. Archived 29 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 5 May 2015.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Scott, Derek B. (1998). "Orientalism and Musical Style". The Musical Quarterly. 82 (2): 323. doi:10.1093/mq/82.2.309. JSTOR 742411.

kcl.ac.uk (Global: 3,833^rd place; English: 2,331^st place)

"King's College London – Seminar 1". www.kcl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2014.

larousse.fr (Global: 1,330^th place; English: 6,429^th place)

"Melchior baron de Grimm". Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne (in French). Archived from the original on 7 April 2014.

livedesignonline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Harada, Kai (1 March 2001). "Opera's Dirty Little Secret". Live Design. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012.

metopera.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Metropolitan Opera Archived 5 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine high-definition live broadcast page

metoperafamily.org (Global: low place; English: 9,201^st place)

"On Air & On Line". The Metropolitan Opera. 2007. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2021.

musicals101.com (Global: low place; English: 8,645^th place)

Kenrick, John. A History of The Musical: European Operetta 1850–1880 Archived 5 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Musicals101.com

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

"For Opera Powerhouse Dolora Zajick, 'Singing Is Connected To The Body'" (Fresh Air, NPR, 19 March 2014). Archived 26 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

George Loomis (12 June 2012). "A Dutch Take on a Cultural Icon". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
Grey, Tobias (19 February 2018). "An Unlikely Youth Revolution at the Paris Opera". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021.
Tommasini, Anthony (6 August 2020). "Classical Music Attracts Older Audiences. Good". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
Tommasini, Anthony (6 July 2008). "So That's What the Fat Lady Sang". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
Tommasini, Anthony. "Opera in Translation Refuses to Give Up the Ghost" Archived 7 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine (The New York Times, 25 May 2001)
Tommasini, Anthony. "A Mini-Magic Flute? Mozart Would Approve" Archived 6 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine (The New York Times, 4 July 2005)
O'Connor, John J. (1 January 1993). "TV Weekend; A Tosca Performed on Actual Location". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2025.

artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com

Wakin, Daniel J. (17 February 2011). "Met Backtracks on Drop in Average Audience Age". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021.

oed.com (Global: 360^th place; English: 231^st place)

Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed., s.v. "opera Archived 3 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine".

operasoutheast.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Opera South East's past productions back to 1980... OSE has always sung its operatic productions in English, fully staged and with orchestra (the acclaimed Sussex Concert Orchestra)." Archived 18 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine (Opera South East website's history of ProAm past productions)

osborne-conant.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Osborne, William (11 March 2004). "Marketplace of Ideas: But First, The Bill A Personal Commentary on American and European Cultural Funding". William Osborne and Abbie Conant. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

rhinegold.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rhinegold Publishing (28 April 2013). "With new pricing and more streaming the Glyndebourne Festival is making its shows available to an ever wider audience" Archived 24 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 May 2016.

richardstrauss.at (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Strauss and Wagner – Various articles – Richard Strauss". www.richardstrauss.at. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.

seenandheard-international.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

de Acha, Rafael. "Don Carlo or Don Carlos? In Italian or in French?" (Seen and Heard International, 24 September 2013). Archived 21 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.

theaustralian.com.au (Global: 965^th place; English: 579^th place)

Lyndon Terracini (11 April 2011). "Whose language is opera: the audience's or the composer's?". The Australian. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2018.

thebiggerpicture.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Bigger Picture". Thebiggerpicture.us. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2010.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Clements, Andrew (17 December 2003). "Sweeney Todd, Royal Opera House, London". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2016.

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 241^st place; English: 193^rd place)

entertainment.timesonline.co.uk

Owen, Richard (26 May 2010). "Is it curtains for Italy's opera houses?". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2010.

unt.edu (Global: 1,336^th place; English: 769^th place)

digital.library.unt.edu

Morgan, Ann Shands (August 1968). Elements of Verismo in Selected Operas of Giuseppe Verdi (Master of Music thesis). Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Libraries. Retrieved 31 October 2023.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed., s.v. "opera Archived 3 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine".
"Melchior baron de Grimm". Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne (in French). Archived from the original on 7 April 2014.
"King's College London – Seminar 1". www.kcl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
"Strauss and Wagner – Various articles – Richard Strauss". www.richardstrauss.at. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
Kenrick, John. A History of The Musical: European Operetta 1850–1880 Archived 5 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Musicals101.com
From Webrarian.com's Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Ivanhoe site.
Abazov, Rafis (2007). Culture and Customs of the Central Asian Republics Archived 3 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 144–145. Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-33656-3
"Minimalist music: where to start". Classic FM. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
Wakin, Daniel J. (17 February 2011). "Met Backtracks on Drop in Average Audience Age". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021.
Grey, Tobias (19 February 2018). "An Unlikely Youth Revolution at the Paris Opera". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021.
Tommasini, Anthony (6 August 2020). "Classical Music Attracts Older Audiences. Good". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
"On Air & On Line". The Metropolitan Opera. 2007. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
Clements, Andrew (17 December 2003). "Sweeney Todd, Royal Opera House, London". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Harada, Kai (1 March 2001). "Opera's Dirty Little Secret". Live Design. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012.
Burrows, Donald (2012). Handel. Oxford University Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-19-973736-9. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
de Acha, Rafael. "Don Carlo or Don Carlos? In Italian or in French?" (Seen and Heard International, 24 September 2013). Archived 21 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Lyndon Terracini (11 April 2011). "Whose language is opera: the audience's or the composer's?". The Australian. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
"For Opera Powerhouse Dolora Zajick, 'Singing Is Connected To The Body'" (Fresh Air, NPR, 19 March 2014). Archived 26 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Tommasini, Anthony (6 July 2008). "So That's What the Fat Lady Sang". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
"Opera South East's past productions back to 1980... OSE has always sung its operatic productions in English, fully staged and with orchestra (the acclaimed Sussex Concert Orchestra)." Archived 18 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine (Opera South East website's history of ProAm past productions)
Tommasini, Anthony. "Opera in Translation Refuses to Give Up the Ghost" Archived 7 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine (The New York Times, 25 May 2001)
Tommasini, Anthony. "A Mini-Magic Flute? Mozart Would Approve" Archived 6 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine (The New York Times, 4 July 2005)
"Special report: Hands in their pockets". The Economist. 16 August 2001. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018.
Owen, Richard (26 May 2010). "Is it curtains for Italy's opera houses?". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
Willey, David (27 October 2005). "Italy facing opera funding crisis". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
"Arts Council England's analysis of its investment in large-scale opera and ballet". Arts Council England. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
Clark, Nick (15 February 2015). "English National Opera's public funding may be withdrawn" The Independent. Archived 29 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
Osborne, William (11 March 2004). "Marketplace of Ideas: But First, The Bill A Personal Commentary on American and European Cultural Funding". William Osborne and Abbie Conant. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Obituary: Gian Carlo Menotti, The Daily Telegraph, 2 February 2007. Accessed 11 December 2008
O'Connor, John J. (1 January 1993). "TV Weekend; A Tosca Performed on Actual Location". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
Metropolitan Opera Archived 5 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine high-definition live broadcast page
"The Bigger Picture". Thebiggerpicture.us. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
Emerging Pictures Archived 30 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Classic FM (26 August 2009). "Download Glyndebourne" Archived 23 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
Rhinegold Publishing (28 April 2013). "With new pricing and more streaming the Glyndebourne Festival is making its shows available to an ever wider audience" Archived 24 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 May 2016.

webrarian.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

From Webrarian.com's Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Ivanhoe site.

Opera (English Wikipedia)

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economist.com (Global: 254th place; English: 236th place)

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opera.emergingpictures.com

ibdb.com (Global: 337th place; English: 280th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 36th place; English: 33rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

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livedesignonline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

metopera.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

metoperafamily.org (Global: low place; English: 9,201st place)

musicals101.com (Global: low place; English: 8,645th place)

npr.org (Global: 92nd place; English: 72nd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

nytimes.com

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operasoutheast.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

ibdb.com (Global: 337^th place; English: 280^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

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theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

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