Daly 1986. The bomb yields are often reported as 21 kilotons, but the figure of 23 kilotons is used consistently throughout this article per Weisgall 1994, p. 186. Daly, Thomas N. (1986), "Crossroads at Bikini", Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute, vol. 112, no. 7, July 1986, Annapolis, Maryland, pp. 65–74, ISSN0041-798X Weisgall, Jonathan (1994), Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN978-1-55750-919-2
Two video frames taken from the 1988 Robert Stone documentary film Radio Bikini, at times 42:44 and 42:45. Eyewitness reports at Weisgall 1994, pp. 162–163. On August 2, 1946, the Preliminary Statement of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board said, "From some of the photographs, it appears that this column lifted the 26,000-ton battleship Arkansas for a brief interval before the vessel plunged to the bottom of the lagoon. Confirmation of this must await the analysis of high-speed photographs which are not yet available". Shurcliff 1947, p. 196. The video frames shown here were first made public in 1988 when Robert Stone got permission to use them in his documentary film. They are viewable on the Internet at sonicbomb.com, 39 seconds into the video, "Baker". Retrieved November 3, 2008.[permanent dead link] Weisgall, Jonathan (1994), Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN978-1-55750-919-2 Shurcliff, William A. (1947), Bombs at Bikini: The Official Report of Operation Crossroads, New York: William H. Wise and Co., OCLC1492066, retrieved December 14, 2009
The conversion ratio of fission to energy is one pound (0.45 kg) of fission per eight kilotons of energy. The 23-kiloton yield of the Baker device indicates that just under three pounds (1.4 kg) of plutonium-239 became fission products.Glasstone 1967, p. 481. Glasstone, Samuel (1967), Sourcebook on Atomic Energy (3rd ed.), Huntington, New York: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, Inc. (1979 reprint edition), ISBN978-0-88275-898-5
On December 17, 1945, Henry Newson, in a memo to Los Alamos director Norris Bradbury, had estimated that for Baker, "there will probably be enough plutonium near the surface to poison the combined forces of the United States at their highest wartime strength. The fission products will be worse." Weisgall 1994, p. 216. Weisgall, Jonathan (1994), Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN978-1-55750-919-2
Shurcliff, William A. (November 18, 1946). "Technical Report of Operation Crossroads"(PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. Joint Task Force One. pp. 280–281. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
Parsons, Rear Admiral. "Subject: site for atomic bomb experiments, May 12, 1948." Appendix to U.S. Commanding Lieutenant General J. E. Hull's memorandum to the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, "Subject: location of proving ground for atomic weapons." Quoted in: Radioactive Heaven and Earth: The health and environmental effects of nuclear weapons testing in, on, and above the earth: A report of the IPPNW International Commission to Investigate the Health and Environmental Effects of Nuclear Weapons Production and the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (1991) p. 70 ISBN0-945257-34-1. Accessed February 23, 2019
Interview with Rear Admiral Robert Conard, MC, USNR (Ret.) in Setauket, NY, November 9, 1993, conducted by Jan K. Herman, Historian, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery "Interview". Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Center. August 11, 2002. Archived from the original on June 18, 2009. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
Two video frames taken from the 1988 Robert Stone documentary film Radio Bikini, at times 42:44 and 42:45. Eyewitness reports at Weisgall 1994, pp. 162–163. On August 2, 1946, the Preliminary Statement of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board said, "From some of the photographs, it appears that this column lifted the 26,000-ton battleship Arkansas for a brief interval before the vessel plunged to the bottom of the lagoon. Confirmation of this must await the analysis of high-speed photographs which are not yet available". Shurcliff 1947, p. 196. The video frames shown here were first made public in 1988 when Robert Stone got permission to use them in his documentary film. They are viewable on the Internet at sonicbomb.com, 39 seconds into the video, "Baker". Retrieved November 3, 2008.[permanent dead link] Weisgall, Jonathan (1994), Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN978-1-55750-919-2 Shurcliff, William A. (1947), Bombs at Bikini: The Official Report of Operation Crossroads, New York: William H. Wise and Co., OCLC1492066, retrieved December 14, 2009
ssa.gov
The study did not publish life-span figures, but actuarial tables predict about 800 deaths per year for a group that size as they approach 70 years in age. Two hundred extra deaths would put the Operation Crossroads veterans about three months ahead of their peers on the mortality curve. Social Security Online, Actuarial Publications, Period Life Table "Table". www.socialsecurity.gov. April 22, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
Interview with Rear Admiral Robert Conard, MC, USNR (Ret.) in Setauket, NY, November 9, 1993, conducted by Jan K. Herman, Historian, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery "Interview". Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Center. August 11, 2002. Archived from the original on June 18, 2009. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
Christman 1998, pp. 3–5. Christman, Albert B. (1998), Target Hiroshima: Deak Parsons and the Creation of the Atomic Bomb, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN1-55750-120-3, OCLC38257982
Christman 1998, pp. 210–211. Christman, Albert B. (1998), Target Hiroshima: Deak Parsons and the Creation of the Atomic Bomb, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN1-55750-120-3, OCLC38257982
Daly 1986. The bomb yields are often reported as 21 kilotons, but the figure of 23 kilotons is used consistently throughout this article per Weisgall 1994, p. 186. Daly, Thomas N. (1986), "Crossroads at Bikini", Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute, vol. 112, no. 7, July 1986, Annapolis, Maryland, pp. 65–74, ISSN0041-798X Weisgall, Jonathan (1994), Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN978-1-55750-919-2
Bikini failed to meet one of the stipulated weather criteria: "predictable winds directionally uniform from sea level to 60,000 feet (18 km)." Daly 1986, p. 68. Daly, Thomas N. (1986), "Crossroads at Bikini", Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute, vol. 112, no. 7, July 1986, Annapolis, Maryland, pp. 65–74, ISSN0041-798X
Waters 1986, pp. 72–74. Waters, Odale D. Jr. (1986), "Crossroads: A Tin Can Perspective", Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute, vol. 112, no. 7, July 1986, Annapolis, Maryland, pp. 72–74, ISSN0041-798X
Campbell 2005, pp. 18, 186–189. Campbell, Richard H. (2005), The Silverplate Bombers: A History and Registry of the Enola Gay and Other B-29s Configured to Carry Atomic Bombs, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, ISBN0-7864-2139-8, OCLC58554961
Two video frames taken from the 1988 Robert Stone documentary film Radio Bikini, at times 42:44 and 42:45. Eyewitness reports at Weisgall 1994, pp. 162–163. On August 2, 1946, the Preliminary Statement of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board said, "From some of the photographs, it appears that this column lifted the 26,000-ton battleship Arkansas for a brief interval before the vessel plunged to the bottom of the lagoon. Confirmation of this must await the analysis of high-speed photographs which are not yet available". Shurcliff 1947, p. 196. The video frames shown here were first made public in 1988 when Robert Stone got permission to use them in his documentary film. They are viewable on the Internet at sonicbomb.com, 39 seconds into the video, "Baker". Retrieved November 3, 2008.[permanent dead link] Weisgall, Jonathan (1994), Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN978-1-55750-919-2 Shurcliff, William A. (1947), Bombs at Bikini: The Official Report of Operation Crossroads, New York: William H. Wise and Co., OCLC1492066, retrieved December 14, 2009
Hansen 1995, p. 154, Vol VII, Table A-1. Hansen, Chuck (1995), Volume VII: The Development of US Nuclear Weapons, Swords of Armageddon: US Nuclear Weapons Development since 1945, Sunnyvale, California: Chukelea Publications, ISBN978-0-9791915-1-0, OCLC231585284
