Operation Gladio (English Wikipedia)

Filippo D'Angelo (18 December 2015). "Gelli, Renzi e la P2 – Interviste a Claudio Martelli e Rino Formica". L'Avanti (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

archivio900.it

Gladio e caso Moro: Arconte su morte Ferraro, "La Nuova Sardegna" (in Italian)

austria-forum.org

https://austria-forum.org, Austria-Forum |. "Die Aktion Sacher deckte die Verschwörung auf". Austria-Forum (in German). Retrieved 24 February 2024. {{cite web}}: External link in |last= (help)

avantionline.it

Filippo D'Angelo (18 December 2015). "Gelli, Renzi e la P2 – Interviste a Claudio Martelli e Rino Formica". L'Avanti (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

azureedge.net

mijngelderlandmedia.azureedge.net

"Jongeren vinden wapenarsenaal van geheime dienst" (PDF). Mijngelderlandmedia.azureedge.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

books.google.com

Biddiscombe, Prof Perry (30 June 2004). The Last Nazis. The History Press. pp. 299–300. ISBN 978-0-7524-9642-9.
Deland, Mats (2007). Deland, Mats; Westin, Charles (eds.). Brunt! Nationalistisk & nazistisk mobilisering i vår närmaste omvärld under efterkrigstiden (in Swedish). Stockholm: Bokförlaget Atlas. ISBN 9789185677535. Fram till krigsslutet och något år därefter verkar hans aktiviteter huvudsakligen ha kanaliserats genom partiet och dess tidning Den svenske folksocialisten, som han redigerade.

cambridgeclarion.org

Norton-Taylor, Richard and David Gow. Secret Italian Unit," The Guardian, November 17, 1990
Pallister, David. "How M16 and SAS Join In," The Guardian, December 5, 1990
"NATO's secret network 'also operated in France'", The Guardian, November 14, 1990, p. 6
"Clarion: Nato network in France, Guardian 14 Nov 1990". Cambridge Clarion Group. 14 November 1990. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
Richard Norton-Taylor, "The Gladio File: did fear of communism throw West into the arms of terrorists?", in The Guardian, December 5, 1990
Norton-Taylor, Richard. UK trained secret Swiss force" in The Guardian, September 20, 1991, p. 7.

cia.gov

The Intelligence Officer's Bookshelf Hayden Peake, CIA, April 15, 2007

comiteri.be

Official site of the Belgian Permanent Committee for the Control of Intelligence Services Archived 2006-06-23 at the Wayback Machine See "history" section in the "Presentation" part.

danieleganser.ch

Ganser, Daniele. "The British Secret Service in Neutral Switzerland: An Unfinished Debate on NATO's Cold War Stay-behind Armies Archived 2010-07-13 at the Wayback Machine", published by the Intelligence and National Security review, vol.20, n°4, December 2005, pp. 553–580 ISSN 0268-4527 print 1743–9019 online.

doi.org

Del Pero, Mario (2001). "The United States and "Psychological Warfare" in Italy, 1948–1955". The Journal of American History. 87 (4): 1304–1334. doi:10.2307/2674730. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 2674730. PMID 17152679.
Ganser, Daniele (1 October 2006). "The CIA in Western Europe and the abuse of human rights". Intelligence and National Security. 21 (5): 760–781. doi:10.1080/02684520600957712. ISSN 0268-4527. S2CID 154898281.
Sinai, Tamir (8 December 2020). "Eyes on target: 'Stay-behind' forces during the Cold War". War in History. 28 (3): 681–700. doi:10.1177/0968344520914345. pp.8-10
Sinai, Tamir (8 December 2020). "Eyes on target: 'Stay-behind' forces during the Cold War". War in History. 28 (3): 681–700. doi:10.1177/0968344520914345. p.9
Cogan, Charles (2007). "'Stay-Behind' in France: Much ado about nothing?". Journal of Strategic Studies. 30 (6): 937–954. doi:10.1080/01402390701676493. S2CID 154529125.

elpais.com

Un informe oficial italiano implica en el crimen de Atocha al 'ultra' Cicuttini, relacionado con Gladio, El País, December 2, 1990 (in Spanish)
Suárez afirma que en su etapa de presidente nunca se habló de la red Gladio, El País, November 18, 1990 (in Spanish)
Calvo Sotelo asegura que España no fue informada, cuando entró en la OTAN, de la existencia de Gladio, El País, November 21, 1990 (in Spanish)
Italia vetó la entrada de España en Gladio, según un ex jefe del espionaje italiano, El País, November 17, 1990 (in Spanish)
Serra ordena indagar sobre la red Gladio en España, El País, November 16, 1990 (in Spanish)
La 'red Gladio' continúa operando, según el ex agente Alberto Volo, El País, August 19, 1991 (in Spanish)
El secretario de la OTAN elude precisar si España tuvo relación con la red Gladio, El País, November 24, 1990 (in Spanish)
Indicios de que la red Gladio utilizó una vieja estación de la NASA en Gran Canaria, El País, November 26, 1990 (in Spanish)
La red secreta de la OTAN operaba en España, según un ex agente belga, El País, November 14, 1990

ethz.ch

php.isn.ethz.ch

Chronology Archived 2008-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies, ETH Zurich
Chronology Archived 2008-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies, ETH Zurich
"Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies". Parallel History Project. October 2016.
"Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies". Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security (PHP). Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
Ganser, Daniele. "Terrorism in Western Europe: An Approach to NATO's Secret Stay-Behind Armies" (PDF). ISN. Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, South Orange NJ, Winter/Spring 2005, Vol. 6, No. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2023.

kms2.isn.ethz.ch

Colby, William. "A Scandinavian Spy," Chapter 3. (Former CIA director's memoirs.) Archived 2016-04-29 at the Wayback Machine

archiv.ethlife.ethz.ch

The Dark Side of the West, Conference "Nato Secret Armies and P-26," ETH Zurich, 2005. Published 10 February 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2007.

guardian.co.uk

Willan, Philip. "US 'supported anti-left terror in Italy'", The Guardian, June 24, 2000.

humanite.fr

Barbera, Myriam. "Gladio: et la France?," L'Humanité, November 10, 1990 (in French).

imdb.com

Gladio (TV Movie 1992) – IMDb, retrieved 29 October 2020

jstor.org

Del Pero, Mario (2001). "The United States and "Psychological Warfare" in Italy, 1948–1955". The Journal of American History. 87 (4): 1304–1334. doi:10.2307/2674730. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 2674730. PMID 17152679.

kro.nl

reporter.kro.nl

"Gladio". Brandpunt Reporter. 9 September 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2015.

lavocedellevoci.it

"Caso Moro. Morire di Gladio". La Voce della Campania (in Italian). January 2005. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009.

libcom.org

Ganser, Daniele (2004). NATO's Secret Armies: Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe (PDF). Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-8500-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2022.

mwcnews.net

Lendman, Stephen (September 2010). "NATO's Secret Armies". MCW News.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Del Pero, Mario (2001). "The United States and "Psychological Warfare" in Italy, 1948–1955". The Journal of American History. 87 (4): 1304–1334. doi:10.2307/2674730. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 2674730. PMID 17152679.

nu.nl

"MIVD verzwijgt wapenvondst in onderwereld" (in Dutch). Nu.nl. 9 September 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2015.

nytimes.com

Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special to The New York (16 November 1990). "Evolution in Europe; Italy Discloses Its Web Of Cold War Guerrillas". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 February 2015.

pqarchiver.com

pqasb.pqarchiver.com

Pedrick, Clare; Lardner, George Jr (14 November 1990). "CIA Organized Secret Army in Western Europe". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2008.

repubblica.it

"la Repubblica/fatti: Strage di Piazza Fontana spunta un agente Usa". Repubblica.it. Retrieved 28 October 2020.

roughdiplomacy.com

"Operazione Gladio". Rough Diplomacy. April 2018.

sabah.com.tr

arsiv.sabah.com.tr

"İtalyan Gladiosu'nu çözen savcı: En etkili Gladio sizde". SABAH (in Turkish). 28 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
Akbas, Tutkun (15 January 2008). "Türkeş'i CIA kurtardı". Sabah (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2008.) See also Video on YouTube

scotsguards.co.uk

"History". Scots Guards Association. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2014.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ganser, Daniele (1 October 2006). "The CIA in Western Europe and the abuse of human rights". Intelligence and National Security. 21 (5): 760–781. doi:10.1080/02684520600957712. ISSN 0268-4527. S2CID 154898281.
Cogan, Charles (2007). "'Stay-Behind' in France: Much ado about nothing?". Journal of Strategic Studies. 30 (6): 937–954. doi:10.1080/01402390701676493. S2CID 154529125.

shu.edu

blogs.shu.edu

Ganser, Daniele (2005). "Terrorism in Western Europe: An Approach to NATO's Secret Stay-Behind Armies" (PDF). Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations. 6 (1).

spiegel.de

"Schwarzer Schatten". Der Spiegel (in German) (50): 194b – 200a. 10 December 1990. Retrieved 28 October 2008.^{[verification needed]}

stargazete.com

Üstel, Aziz (14 July 2008). "Savcı, Ergenekon'u Kenan Evren'e sormalı asıl!". Star Gazete (in Turkish). Retrieved 21 October 2008. Türkiye'deki gizli ordunun adı kontr gerilladır.

state.gov

usinfo.state.gov

"Misinformation about 'Gladio/Stay Behind' Networks Resurfaces". USINFO. U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. 20 January 2006. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2023. During the Cold War, West European countries set up clandestine 'stay behind' networks, which were designed to form the nucleus of resistance movements if the Soviet Union invaded and occupied Western Europe. ... A thirty year-old Soviet forgery has been cited as one of the central pieces of 'evidence' for the false notion that West European 'stay-behind' networks engaged in terrorism, allegedly at U.S. instigation. This is not true ... .
"Misinformation about 'Gladio/Stay Behind' Networks Resurfaces". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008.

theguardian.com

Dan van der Vat. "Obituary: General Sir Anthony Farrar-Hockley," Guardian. 15 March 2006
Willan, Philip. "Paolo Emilio Taviani", The Guardian, June 21, 2001. (Obituary.)
"Three jailed for 1969 Milan bomb". The Guardian. 2 July 2001. Retrieved 28 October 2020.

thenation.com

Kwitny, Jonathan (6 April 1992). "The C.I.A.'s Secret Armies in Europe". The Nation. pp. 446–447. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Quoted in Ganser's "Terrorism in Western Europe".^{[dead link‍]}

variant.org.uk

Fernandes, Desmond; Ozden, Iskender (Spring 2001). "United States and NATO Inspired 'Psychological Warfare Operations' Against The 'Kurdish Communist Threat' in Turkey" (PDF). Variant. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2023.

washingtonpost.com

Pedrick, Clare (14 November 1990). "CIA Organized Secret Army in Western Europe". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
Lee, Christopher. CIA Ties With Ex-Nazis Shown, The Washington Post, June 7, 2006.

web.archive.org

Chronology Archived 2008-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies, ETH Zurich
"Misinformation about 'Gladio/Stay Behind' Networks Resurfaces". USINFO. U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. 20 January 2006. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2023. During the Cold War, West European countries set up clandestine 'stay behind' networks, which were designed to form the nucleus of resistance movements if the Soviet Union invaded and occupied Western Europe. ... A thirty year-old Soviet forgery has been cited as one of the central pieces of 'evidence' for the false notion that West European 'stay-behind' networks engaged in terrorism, allegedly at U.S. instigation. This is not true ... .
"History". Scots Guards Association. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
Chronology Archived 2008-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies, ETH Zurich
Pedrick, Clare; Lardner, George Jr (14 November 1990). "CIA Organized Secret Army in Western Europe". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2008.
"Caso Moro. Morire di Gladio". La Voce della Campania (in Italian). January 2005. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009.
Official site of the Belgian Permanent Committee for the Control of Intelligence Services Archived 2006-06-23 at the Wayback Machine See "history" section in the "Presentation" part.
Colby, William. "A Scandinavian Spy," Chapter 3. (Former CIA director's memoirs.) Archived 2016-04-29 at the Wayback Machine
Kwitny, Jonathan (6 April 1992). "The C.I.A.'s Secret Armies in Europe". The Nation. pp. 446–447. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Quoted in Ganser's "Terrorism in Western Europe".^{[dead link‍]}
Ganser, Daniele (2004). NATO's Secret Armies: Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe (PDF). Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-8500-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2022.
"Misinformation about 'Gladio/Stay Behind' Networks Resurfaces". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008.
"Jongeren vinden wapenarsenaal van geheime dienst" (PDF). Mijngelderlandmedia.azureedge.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
"Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies". Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security (PHP). Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
"İtalyan Gladiosu'nu çözen savcı: En etkili Gladio sizde". SABAH (in Turkish). 28 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
Fernandes, Desmond; Ozden, Iskender (Spring 2001). "United States and NATO Inspired 'Psychological Warfare Operations' Against The 'Kurdish Communist Threat' in Turkey" (PDF). Variant. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2023.
Gezer, Şenol (17 April 2006). "Oral Çelik: 'Ülkücüleri Naziler eğitti'". Bugün. Archived from the original on 17 April 2006.
Akbas, Tutkun (15 January 2008). "Türkeş'i CIA kurtardı". Sabah (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2008.) See also Video on YouTube
Ganser, Daniele. "Terrorism in Western Europe: An Approach to NATO's Secret Stay-Behind Armies" (PDF). ISN. Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, South Orange NJ, Winter/Spring 2005, Vol. 6, No. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2023.
"CARLISMO MONTEJURRA LIBERTAD Actos de Montejurra 2006". Montejurra-jurramendi.3a2.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2005.
Ganser, Daniele. "The British Secret Service in Neutral Switzerland: An Unfinished Debate on NATO's Cold War Stay-behind Armies Archived 2010-07-13 at the Wayback Machine", published by the Intelligence and National Security review, vol.20, n°4, December 2005, pp. 553–580 ISSN 0268-4527 print 1743–9019 online.
Peer Henrik Hansen, "Review of NATO's Secret Armies," Journal of Intelligence History, Summer 2005. Web Archive – archived website of August 26, 2007
State Department.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Parliament, European. "European Parliament resolution on Gladio". En.wikisource.org.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Pedrick, Clare (14 November 1990). "CIA Organized Secret Army in Western Europe". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
Del Pero, Mario (2001). "The United States and "Psychological Warfare" in Italy, 1948–1955". The Journal of American History. 87 (4): 1304–1334. doi:10.2307/2674730. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 2674730. PMID 17152679.
Ganser, Daniele (1 October 2006). "The CIA in Western Europe and the abuse of human rights". Intelligence and National Security. 21 (5): 760–781. doi:10.1080/02684520600957712. ISSN 0268-4527. S2CID 154898281.

worldcat.org

Ganser, Daniele. "The British Secret Service in Neutral Switzerland: An Unfinished Debate on NATO's Cold War Stay-behind Armies Archived 2010-07-13 at the Wayback Machine", published by the Intelligence and National Security review, vol.20, n°4, December 2005, pp. 553–580 ISSN 0268-4527 print 1743–9019 online.

xs4all.nl

Herman, Edward; Brodhead, Frank (May 1986). The Rise and Fall of the Bulgarian Connection. New York: Sheridan Square. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-940380-06-6.

youtube.com

Akbas, Tutkun (15 January 2008). "Türkeş'i CIA kurtardı". Sabah (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2008.) See also Video on YouTube