Opium production in Afghanistan (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Opium production in Afghanistan" in English language version.

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23web.archive.org

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afintl.com

"No Evidence of Reduction in Drug Production in Afghanistan, Says Iranian Official". Afghanistan International. Retrieved May 14, 2024.

aljazeera.com

"Afghan opium poppy cultivation plunges by 95 percent under Taliban: UN". Al Jazeera. Retrieved November 7, 2023.

america.gov

Julie Hyman, Michael Buchanan (June 20, 2008). "Afghan Justice, Agriculture Sectors Grow, Confront Opium Trade: Baz Mohammad case illustrates U.S.-Afghan cooperation". State Department. Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2008.

army.mil

strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil

Glaze, John A. (October 2007). "Opium and Afghanistan: Reassessing U.S. Counternarcotics Strategy" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

bbc.co.uk

""Afghan President Karzai criticises US-Russia drugs raid", October 31, 2010, BBC News". BBC. October 31, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
David Loyn – BBC News, Helmand (foot of the page, last 2 paragraphs) Archived November 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine published by BBC News 20 July 2015 [Retrieved 2015-08-02]

news.bbc.co.uk

Wingfield-Hayes, Rupert (April 3, 2010). "The heroin epidemic advancing on Russia". BBC News.

bbc.com

"Meth and heroin fuel Afghanistan drugs boom". BBC News. December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
Rowlatt, Justin (July 27, 2020). "What the heroin industry can teach us about solar power" – via www.bbc.co.uk.

bearcave.com

DeRienzo, Paul (November 9, 1991). "Interview with Alfred McCoy".

books.google.com

Pharr, Jasper (January 25, 2016). Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Terrorist on U.S. Soil. Dorrance Publishing Company, Incorporated. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-4809-6646-8. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
Afghanistan Immigration Policy, Laws and Regulations Handbook: Strategic Information and Regulations. Lulu.com. April 4, 2013. ISBN 9781438782003.

carnegieendowment.org

Mukhopadhyay, Dipali (August 2009). "Warlords As Bureaucrats: The Afghan Experience" (PDF). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved September 27, 2010.

cfr.org

Wayne McLaughin, Kevin (September 14, 2006). "Afghanistan's Role in Iran's Drug Problem". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on March 19, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

chelseagreen.com

Killing the Cranes, Edward Girardet, Chelsea Green Archived August 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine publisher. Opium/Pakistan – p 133

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

"U.S.: Taliban continue to profit from drug trade". CNN. October 3, 2001. Retrieved November 12, 2016.

csdp.org

"Afghanistan Update: Heroin Production On The Rise Again In Afghanistan". Common Sense for Drug Policy. November 19, 2007. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Costa, Antonio Maria (April 25, 2007). "An opium market mystery". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2008.

csmonitor.com

"Afghanistan riddled with drug ties". Christian Science Monitor. May 13, 2005. Retrieved September 27, 2007.

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Parenti, Christian (2015). "Flower of War: An Environmental History of Opium Poppy in Afghanistan". SAIS Review of International Affairs. 35 (1): 183–200. doi:10.1353/sais.2015.0000. ISSN 1945-4724. S2CID 152685552.

doi.org

Parenti, Christian (2015). "Flower of War: An Environmental History of Opium Poppy in Afghanistan". SAIS Review of International Affairs. 35 (1): 183–200. doi:10.1353/sais.2015.0000. ISSN 1945-4724. S2CID 152685552.

europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu

"Monitoring the supply of heroin to Europe" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
Mansfield D. Emerging evidence of Afghanistan’s role as a producer and supplier of ephedrine and methamphetamine. EMCDDA, November 2020

irinnews.org

"UN Office for the Coordination of Human Affairs website – Bitter-Sweet Harvest: Afghanistan's New War" (PDF). Irinnews.org. August 2, 2004. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
""AFGHANISTAN: IRIN Focus on drug addiction", "UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs", May 28, 2001". Irinnews.org. May 28, 2001. Retrieved November 30, 2011.

kabulnow.com

Ehsan, Kazim (October 13, 2023). "Taliban's Pablo Escobar: Who is Haji Bashir Noorzai?". KabulNow. Retrieved May 14, 2024.

msn.com

msnbc.msn.com

"msnbc.msn.com". Archived from the original on June 27, 2006. Retrieved September 27, 2007.

npr.org

David Greene (host, Morning Edition), Hayatullah Hayat (Governor of Helmand Province, Afghanistan), Tom Bowman (reporter), Dianne Feinstein (U.S. Senator, Chair of the Caucus on International Narcotics Control) (July 6, 2016). Afghan Governor Wants Government To Control Poppy Crop (Radio broadcast). NPR. Event occurs at 0:10. Retrieved July 6, 2016. Afghanistan's poppy production… accounts for more than 91 percent of the world's heroin.
David Greene (host, Morning Edition), Hayatullah Hayat (Governor of Helmand Province, Afghanistan), Tom Bowman (reporter), Dianne Feinstein (U.S. Senator from California, Chair of the Caucus on International Narcotics Control) (July 6, 2016). Afghan Governor Wants Government To Control Poppy Crop (Radio broadcast). NPR. Event occurs at 0:20. Retrieved July 6, 2016. Now the new governor of the top poppy growing area has a new idea: have the Afghan government control the poppy harvest by licensing farmers and processing the poppies for medical morphine to be used in hospitals. Governor Hayatullah Hayat of Helmand Province told NPR this could relieve a worldwide demand for morphine. Proponents believe legalization could help solve the problem of illicit opium production in Afghanistan and lower the price of prescription drugs worldwide, thus making healthcare more affordable for those requiring those drugs.

nytimes.com

Padshah, Safiullah; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (April 3, 2022). "Taliban Outlaw Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
Rod Norland, "Production of Opium by Afghans Is Up Again" Archived October 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times, April 15, 2013
Schweich, Thomas (July 27, 2008). ""Is Afghanistan a Narco-State?" by Thomas Schweich, July 27, 2008, New York Times". The New York Times. Afghanistan. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
Schwirtz, Michael (October 29, 2010). ""Russia Joins Drug Raid in Afghanistan, Marking Advance in Relations With U.S." by Michael Schwirtz, October 29, 2010, The New York Times". The New York Times. Afghanistan;Russia;United States. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
"US Tells Afghans to Grow Grapes Not Opium Poppy". The New York Times.

query.nytimes.com

MacFarquahar, Neil (August 18, 2001). "Iran Shifts War Against Drugs, Admitting It Has Huge Problem". New York Times.

pbs.org

"Afghanistan: The Forgotten War". Now on PBS. Retrieved July 21, 2008.

reformdrugpolicy.com

Where have all the flowers gone?: evaluation of the Taliban crackdown against opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan Archived April 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

reuters.com

"Profits and poppy: Afghanistan's illegal drug trade a boon for Taliban". Reuters. August 16, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
Brunnstrom, David (March 24, 2010). ""NATO rejects Russian call for Afghan poppy spraying" by David Brunnstrom, March 24, 2010, Reuters". Reuters. Retrieved November 30, 2011.

rferl.org

Synovitz, Ron (June 2, 2006). "Afghanistan: Saffron Could Help Wean Farmers Off Opium Poppies". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved November 30, 2011.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Parenti, Christian (2015). "Flower of War: An Environmental History of Opium Poppy in Afghanistan". SAIS Review of International Affairs. 35 (1): 183–200. doi:10.1353/sais.2015.0000. ISSN 1945-4724. S2CID 152685552.

senliscouncil.net

[1] Archived July 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
See Fischer, B J. Rehm, and T Culbert, "Opium based medicines: a mapping of global supply, demand and needs" in Spivack D. (ed.) Feasibility Study on Opium Licensing in Afghanistan, Kabul, 2005. p. 85–86.[2] Archived February 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

sigar.mil

"Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction Quarterly Report to the United States Congress" (PDF). October 30, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2020.

state.gov

usinfo.state.gov

""Combating Synthetic Drugs, A Global Challenge: U.S. and International Responses", by Thomas A. Schweich, Joseph T. Rannazzisi, James O'Gara, U.S. State Department". Archived from the original on July 27, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2008.

telegraph.co.uk

Farmer, Ben; Townsley, Simon (June 17, 2022). "Inside the Taliban's new drugs hell". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved October 10, 2022.

theguardian.com

Declan Walsh (August 30, 2007). "UN horrified by surge in opium trade in Helmand". Guardian. London. Retrieved July 17, 2012.

tolonews.com

"Poppy Cultivation in South of Afghanistan Down by 80%: Report". ToloNews. June 7, 2023. p. 1. Retrieved June 8, 2023.

un.org

"Press conference on Afghanistan opium survey 2004" (Press release). United Nations. November 18, 2004. Retrieved January 14, 2006.
"UN agency foresees increased collaboration with Iran in fight against drugs". United Nations. July 21, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.

news.un.org

"Opium cultivation declines by 95 per cent in Afghanistan: UN survey | UN News". news.un.org. November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2023.

unhcr.org

Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld – Afghanistan – Opium Survey 2011".

unodc.org

"UNODC 2010 world drug report, page 43" (PDF). Retrieved November 30, 2011.
UNITED NATIONS Office on Drugs and Crime. "Afghanistan Opium Survey 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 28, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Opium Amounts to Half of Afghanistan's GDP in 2007, Reports UNODC" (Press release). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. November 16, 2007. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
"The opium economy in afghanistan" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2003: 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 8, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"unodc.org". Archived from the original on May 18, 2007. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
"Afghanistan Opium Survey 2014" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 5, 2016.
"Opium cultivation in Afghanistan - Latest findings and emerging threats" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). November 1, 2022.
"West and Central Asia". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. UNODC. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
"Afghan Opiate Trade". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. UNODC. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
Impacts of Drug Use on Users and their Families in Afghanistan (PDF) (Report). UNODC. 2014. p. 21. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
Impacts of Drug Use on Users and their Families in Afghanistan (PDF) (Report). UNODC. 2014. p. 27. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
Impacts of Drug Use on Users and their Families in Afghanistan (PDF) (Report). UNODC. 2014. p. 39. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
Impacts of Drug Use on Users and their Families in Afghanistan (PDF) (Report). UNODC. 2014. pp. 33, 40. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
Impacts of Drug Use on Users and their Families in Afghanistan (PDF) (Report). UNODC. 2014. pp. 83–84. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
Byrd, William A.; Buddenberg, Doris. "1: Introduction and Overview". Afghanistan's Drug Industry Book: Structure, Functioning, Dynamics and Implications for Counter-Narcotics Policy (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
Byrd, William A.; Jonglez, Olivier. "5: Prices and Market Interactions in the Opium Economy". Afghanistan's Drug Industry Book: Structure, Functioning, Dynamics and Implications for Counter-Narcotics Policy (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
"WORLD DRUG REPORT 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 26, 2016.

wdr.unodc.org

"World Drug Survey 2019" (PDF).

watsoninstitute.org

Samii, A. William (Winter–Spring 2003). "Drug Abuse: Iran's "Thorniest Problem"" (PDF). Brown Journal of World Affairs. IX (2). Watson Institute, Brown University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2008.

web.archive.org

UNITED NATIONS Office on Drugs and Crime. "Afghanistan Opium Survey 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 28, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Opium Amounts to Half of Afghanistan's GDP in 2007, Reports UNODC" (Press release). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. November 16, 2007. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
"The opium economy in afghanistan" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2003: 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 8, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Killing the Cranes, Edward Girardet, Chelsea Green Archived August 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine publisher. Opium/Pakistan – p 133
Where have all the flowers gone?: evaluation of the Taliban crackdown against opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan Archived April 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
PRICES AND MARKET INTERACTIONS IN THE OPIUM ECONOMY Archived June 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, William A. Byrd and Olivier Jonglez, World Bank (analysis of prices)
"msnbc.msn.com". Archived from the original on June 27, 2006. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
"unodc.org". Archived from the original on May 18, 2007. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
Rod Norland, "Production of Opium by Afghans Is Up Again" Archived October 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times, April 15, 2013
""Combating Synthetic Drugs, A Global Challenge: U.S. and International Responses", by Thomas A. Schweich, Joseph T. Rannazzisi, James O'Gara, U.S. State Department". Archived from the original on July 27, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
"Leading News Resource of Pakistan". Daily Times. Archived from the original on May 16, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Afghanistan Opium Survey 2014" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 5, 2016.
David Loyn – BBC News, Helmand (foot of the page, last 2 paragraphs) Archived November 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine published by BBC News 20 July 2015 [Retrieved 2015-08-02]
"Monitoring the supply of heroin to Europe" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
[1] Archived July 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
See Fischer, B J. Rehm, and T Culbert, "Opium based medicines: a mapping of global supply, demand and needs" in Spivack D. (ed.) Feasibility Study on Opium Licensing in Afghanistan, Kabul, 2005. p. 85–86.[2] Archived February 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
"Afghanistan Update: Heroin Production On The Rise Again In Afghanistan". Common Sense for Drug Policy. November 19, 2007. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Costa, Antonio Maria (April 25, 2007). "An opium market mystery". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
Maimbo, Samuel Munzele (June 2003). "The Money Exchange Dealers of Kabul: A Study of the Hawala System in Afghanistan" (PDF). Finance and Private Sector Unit, South Asia Region, World Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"WORLD DRUG REPORT 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 26, 2016.
Wayne McLaughin, Kevin (September 14, 2006). "Afghanistan's Role in Iran's Drug Problem". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on March 19, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Samii, A. William (Winter–Spring 2003). "Drug Abuse: Iran's "Thorniest Problem"" (PDF). Brown Journal of World Affairs. IX (2). Watson Institute, Brown University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
Julie Hyman, Michael Buchanan (June 20, 2008). "Afghan Justice, Agriculture Sectors Grow, Confront Opium Trade: Baz Mohammad case illustrates U.S.-Afghan cooperation". State Department. Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2008.

worldbank.org

siteresources.worldbank.org

PRICES AND MARKET INTERACTIONS IN THE OPIUM ECONOMY Archived June 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, William A. Byrd and Olivier Jonglez, World Bank (analysis of prices)

www1.worldbank.org

Maimbo, Samuel Munzele (June 2003). "The Money Exchange Dealers of Kabul: A Study of the Hawala System in Afghanistan" (PDF). Finance and Private Sector Unit, South Asia Region, World Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Padshah, Safiullah; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (April 3, 2022). "Taliban Outlaw Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
Malkasian, Carter (2021). The American war in Afghanistan : a history. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-755077-9. OCLC 1240264784.
Parenti, Christian (2015). "Flower of War: An Environmental History of Opium Poppy in Afghanistan". SAIS Review of International Affairs. 35 (1): 183–200. doi:10.1353/sais.2015.0000. ISSN 1945-4724. S2CID 152685552.
Farmer, Ben; Townsley, Simon (June 17, 2022). "Inside the Taliban's new drugs hell". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved October 10, 2022.

worldcat.org

Malkasian, Carter (2021). The American war in Afghanistan : a history. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-755077-9. OCLC 1240264784.