Oppositional defiant disorder (English Wikipedia)

Selph, Shelley S.; Skelly, Andrea C.; Dana, Tracy; Brodt, Erika; Atchison, Chandler; Riopelle, Dakota; Stabler-Morris, Shay; Schmidt, Linda; Ahmed, Azrah (2025-04-10). Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (Report). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. doi:10.23970/ahrqepcsrdisruptive.

archive.org

"Diagnostic Criteria 313.81 (F91.3)". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.

berghahnjournals.com

Restrepo, Isabella C. (2019-12-01). "Pathologizing Latinas: Racialized Girlhood, Behavioral Diagnosis, and California's Foster Care System". Girlhood Studies. 12 (3): 1–17. doi:10.3167/ghs.2019.120303. ISSN 1938-8322. S2CID 210478952.

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Ehmke R (2019). "What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder?". Child Mind Institute.

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Craighead WE, Nemeroff CB, eds. (2004). "Oppositional defiant disorder". The concise Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

doi.org

Golubchik, Pavel, Shalev, Lilach, Tsamir, Dina, Manor, Iris, Weizman, Abraham. "High pretreatment cognitive impulsivity predicts response of oppositional symptoms to methylphenidate in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder". International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2019;34(3):138–142. doi:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000252.
Ghosh, Abhishek; Ray, Anirban; Basu, Aniruddha (2017). "Oppositional defiant disorder: current insight". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 10: 353–367. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S120582. ISSN 1179-1578. PMC 5716335. PMID 29238235.
Pardini DA, Frick PJ, Moffitt TE (November 2010). "Building an evidence base for DSM-5 conceptualizations of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: introduction to the special section". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 119 (4): 683–8. doi:10.1037/a0021441. PMC 3826598. PMID 21090874.
Dickstein DP (May 2010). "Oppositional defiant disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 49 (5): 435–6. doi:10.1097/00004583-201005000-00001. PMID 20431460.
Crowe SL, Blair RJ (2008). "The development of antisocial behavior: what can we learn from functional neuroimaging studies?". Development and Psychopathology. 20 (4): 1145–59. doi:10.1017/S0954579408000540. PMID 18838035. S2CID 10049329.
Nock MK, Kazdin AE, Hiripi E, Kessler RC (July 2007). "Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 48 (7): 703–713. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.476.4197. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01733.x. PMID 17593151.
Rowe R, Costello EJ, Angold A, Copeland WE, Maughan B (November 2010). "Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 119 (4): 726–738. doi:10.1037/a0020798. PMC 3057683. PMID 21090876.
Demmer DH, Hooley M, Sheen J, McGillivray JA, Lum JA (February 2017). "Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder During Middle Childhood: a Meta-Analysis". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 45 (2): 313–325. doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0170-8. PMID 27282758. S2CID 5457668.
Demmer, David H.; Hooley, Merrilyn; Sheen, Jade; McGillivray, Jane A.; Lum, Jarrad A. G. (February 2017). "Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder During Middle Childhood: a Meta-Analysis". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 45 (2): 313–325. doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0170-8. ISSN 1573-2835. PMID 27282758. S2CID 5457668.
Burnette, Mandi L. (August 2013). "Gender and the Development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Contributions of Physical Abuse and Early Family Environment". Child Maltreatment. 18 (3): 195–204. doi:10.1177/1077559513478144. ISSN 1077-5595. PMID 23420295. S2CID 46731025.
Loeber R, Burke JD, Lahey BB, Winters A, Zera M (December 2000). "Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: A review of the past 10 years, part I" (PDF). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 39 (12): 1468–1484. doi:10.1097/00004583-200012000-00007. PMID 11128323. S2CID 33898115. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-22.
Granero, Roser; Louwaars, Leonie; Ezpeleta, Lourdes (2015-09-24). "Socioeconomic status and oppositional defiant disorder in preschoolers: parenting practices and executive functioning as mediating variables". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 1412. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01412. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4585310. PMID 26441784.
Fadus, Matthew C.; Ginsburg, Kenneth R.; Sobowale, Kunmi; Halliday-Boykins, Colleen A.; Bryant, Brittany E.; Gray, Kevin M.; Squeglia, Lindsay M. (2020-02-01). "Unconscious Bias and the Diagnosis of Disruptive Behavior Disorders and ADHD in African American and Hispanic Youth". Academic Psychiatry. 44 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1007/s40596-019-01127-6. ISSN 1545-7230. PMC 7018590. PMID 31713075.
Lehmann, Stine; Havik, Odd E.; Havik, Toril; Heiervang, Einar R. (2013-11-21). "Mental disorders in foster children: a study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors". Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 7 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-7-39. ISSN 1753-2000. PMC 3922948. PMID 24256809.
Restrepo, Isabella C. (2019-12-01). "Pathologizing Latinas: Racialized Girlhood, Behavioral Diagnosis, and California's Foster Care System". Girlhood Studies. 12 (3): 1–17. doi:10.3167/ghs.2019.120303. ISSN 1938-8322. S2CID 210478952.
Gump BB, Dykas MJ, MacKenzie JA, Dumas AK, Hruska B, Ewart CK, et al. (October 2017). "Background lead and mercury exposures: Psychological and behavioral problems in children". Environmental Research. 158: 576–582. Bibcode:2017ER....158..576G. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.033. PMC 5562507. PMID 28715786.
Bada HS, Das A, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Lester B, LaGasse L, et al. (February 2007). "Impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior problems through school age". Pediatrics. 119 (2): e348-59. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1404. PMID 17272597. S2CID 24104255.
Linares TJ, Singer LT, Kirchner HL, Short EJ, Min MO, Hussey P, Minnes S (January 2006). "Mental health outcomes of cocaine-exposed children at 6 years of age". Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 31 (1): 85–97. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj020. PMC 2617793. PMID 15802608.
Russell AA, Johnson CL, Hammad A, Ristau KI, Zawadzki S, Villar LD, Coker KL (6 February 2015). "Prenatal and Neighborhood Correlates of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)". Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 32 (4): 375–381. doi:10.1007/s10560-015-0379-3. S2CID 145811128.
Spears GV, Stein JA, Koniak-Griffin D (June 2010). "Latent growth trajectories of substance use among pregnant and parenting adolescents". Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 24 (2): 322–32. doi:10.1037/a0018518. PMC 3008750. PMID 20565158.
Eskander, Noha (2020). "The Psychosocial Outcome of Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Cureus. 12 (8): e9521. doi:10.7759/cureus.9521. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 7465825. PMID 32905151.
Eiden RD, Coles CD, Schuetze P, Colder CR (March 2014). "Externalizing behavior problems among polydrug cocaine-exposed children: Indirect pathways via maternal harshness and self-regulation in early childhood". Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 28 (1): 139–53. doi:10.1037/a0032632. PMC 4174429. PMID 23647157.
Vanfossen B, Brown CH, Kellam S, Sokoloff N, Doering S (March 2010). "Neighborhood context and the development of aggression in boys and girls". Journal of Community Psychology. 38 (3): 329–349. doi:10.1002/jcop.20367. PMC 2915468. PMID 20689683.
White R, Renk K (1 February 2011). "Externalizing Behavior Problems During Adolescence: An Ecological Perspective". Journal of Child and Family Studies. 21 (1): 158–171. doi:10.1007/s10826-011-9459-y. S2CID 144507607.
Steiner H, Remsing L, et al. (The Work Group on Quality Issues) (January 2007). "Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 46 (1): 126–141. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000246060.62706.af. PMID 17195736.
Hood BS, Elrod MG, DeWine DB (2015-06-01). "Treatment of Childhood Oppositional Defiant Disorder". Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics. 1 (2): 155–167. doi:10.1007/s40746-015-0015-7. S2CID 145002993.
Ghosh A, Ray A, Basu A (2017-11-29). "Oppositional defiant disorder: current insight". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 10: 353–367. doi:10.2147/prbm.s120582. PMC 5716335. PMID 29238235.
Selph, Shelley S.; Skelly, Andrea C.; Dana, Tracy; Brodt, Erika; Atchison, Chandler; Riopelle, Dakota; Stabler-Morris, Shay; Schmidt, Linda; Ahmed, Azrah (2025-04-10). Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (Report). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. doi:10.23970/ahrqepcsrdisruptive.
Burke JD, Loeber R, Birmaher B (November 2002). "Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part II" (PDF). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 41 (11): 1275–93. doi:10.1097/00004583-200211000-00009. PMID 12410070. S2CID 6249949. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-19.
Nock MK, Kazdin AE, Hiripi E, Kessler RC (July 2007). "Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 48 (7): 703–13. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.476.4197. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01733.x. PMID 17593151.
Maughan B, Rowe R, Messer J, Goodman R, Meltzer H (March 2004). "Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 45 (3): 609–21. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00250.x. PMID 15055379.
Rutter, M.; Shaffer, D. (1980). "DSM-III. A step forward or back in terms of the classification of child psychiatric disorders?". Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. 19 (3): 371–394. doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61060-8. ISSN 0002-7138. PMID 7410749.
Beltrán, Sourik; Sit, Lydia; Ginsburg, Kenneth R. (2021-11-01). "A Call to Revise the Diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder—Diagnoses Are for Helping, Not Harming". JAMA Psychiatry. 78 (11): 1181–1182. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2127. ISSN 2168-622X. PMID 34379091. S2CID 236978057.
Barnhart, Marisa (2018-01-02). "Oppositional Defiant Disorder: The Psy Apparatuses and Youth Resistance". Journal of Progressive Human Services. 29 (1): 6–27. doi:10.1080/10428232.2017.1394788. ISSN 1042-8232. S2CID 148628227.
Morgan, Paul L.; Staff, Jeremy; Hillemeier, Marianne M.; Farkas, George; Maczuga, Steven (July 2013). "Racial and ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis from kindergarten to eighth grade". Pediatrics. 132 (1): 85–93. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2390. ISSN 1098-4275. PMC 3691530. PMID 23796743.
Ellis, Mary (2017-03-01). "Nancy A. Heitzeg: The School-to-Prison Pipeline: Education, Discipline, and Racialized Double Standards". Adolescent Research Review. 2 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1007/s40894-016-0033-0. ISSN 2363-8354.

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Myers, Dr Bob (2014). "Drapetomania": Rebellion, Defiance and Free Black Insanity in the Antebellum United States (Thesis). UCLA.

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Gump BB, Dykas MJ, MacKenzie JA, Dumas AK, Hruska B, Ewart CK, et al. (October 2017). "Background lead and mercury exposures: Psychological and behavioral problems in children". Environmental Research. 158: 576–582. Bibcode:2017ER....158..576G. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.033. PMC 5562507. PMID 28715786.

hopkinsmedicine.org

"Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Children". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 2021-05-26.

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Rutter, M.; Shaffer, D. (1980). "DSM-III. A step forward or back in terms of the classification of child psychiatric disorders?". Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. 19 (3): 371–394. doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61060-8. ISSN 0002-7138. PMID 7410749.

jamanetwork.com

Beltrán, Sourik; Sit, Lydia; Ginsburg, Kenneth R. (2021-11-01). "A Call to Revise the Diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder—Diagnoses Are for Helping, Not Harming". JAMA Psychiatry. 78 (11): 1181–1182. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2127. ISSN 2168-622X. PMID 34379091. S2CID 236978057.

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"FAQs on Oppositional Defiant Disorder". Manhattan Psychology Group. Retrieved 2015-01-28.

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"The Process and Implications of Diagnosing Oppositional Defiant Disorder in African American Males - The Professional Counselor". 2016-07-20. Retrieved 2023-07-17.

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"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Racial Bias". Insights of a Neurodivergent Clinician. Retrieved 2023-07-17.

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Russell AA, Johnson CL, Hammad A, Ristau KI, Zawadzki S, Villar LD, Coker KL (6 February 2015). "Prenatal and Neighborhood Correlates of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)". Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 32 (4): 375–381. doi:10.1007/s10560-015-0379-3. S2CID 145811128.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ghosh, Abhishek; Ray, Anirban; Basu, Aniruddha (2017). "Oppositional defiant disorder: current insight". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 10: 353–367. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S120582. ISSN 1179-1578. PMC 5716335. PMID 29238235.
Pardini DA, Frick PJ, Moffitt TE (November 2010). "Building an evidence base for DSM-5 conceptualizations of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: introduction to the special section". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 119 (4): 683–8. doi:10.1037/a0021441. PMC 3826598. PMID 21090874.
Dickstein DP (May 2010). "Oppositional defiant disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 49 (5): 435–6. doi:10.1097/00004583-201005000-00001. PMID 20431460.
Crowe SL, Blair RJ (2008). "The development of antisocial behavior: what can we learn from functional neuroimaging studies?". Development and Psychopathology. 20 (4): 1145–59. doi:10.1017/S0954579408000540. PMID 18838035. S2CID 10049329.
Fraser A, Wray J (June 2008). "Oppositional defiant disorder". Australian Family Physician. 37 (6): 402–405. PMID 18523691.
Nock MK, Kazdin AE, Hiripi E, Kessler RC (July 2007). "Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 48 (7): 703–713. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.476.4197. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01733.x. PMID 17593151.
Rowe R, Costello EJ, Angold A, Copeland WE, Maughan B (November 2010). "Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 119 (4): 726–738. doi:10.1037/a0020798. PMC 3057683. PMID 21090876.
Demmer DH, Hooley M, Sheen J, McGillivray JA, Lum JA (February 2017). "Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder During Middle Childhood: a Meta-Analysis". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 45 (2): 313–325. doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0170-8. PMID 27282758. S2CID 5457668.
Demmer, David H.; Hooley, Merrilyn; Sheen, Jade; McGillivray, Jane A.; Lum, Jarrad A. G. (February 2017). "Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder During Middle Childhood: a Meta-Analysis". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 45 (2): 313–325. doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0170-8. ISSN 1573-2835. PMID 27282758. S2CID 5457668.
Burnette, Mandi L. (August 2013). "Gender and the Development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Contributions of Physical Abuse and Early Family Environment". Child Maltreatment. 18 (3): 195–204. doi:10.1177/1077559513478144. ISSN 1077-5595. PMID 23420295. S2CID 46731025.
Loeber R, Burke JD, Lahey BB, Winters A, Zera M (December 2000). "Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: A review of the past 10 years, part I" (PDF). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 39 (12): 1468–1484. doi:10.1097/00004583-200012000-00007. PMID 11128323. S2CID 33898115. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-22.
Granero, Roser; Louwaars, Leonie; Ezpeleta, Lourdes (2015-09-24). "Socioeconomic status and oppositional defiant disorder in preschoolers: parenting practices and executive functioning as mediating variables". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 1412. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01412. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4585310. PMID 26441784.
Fadus, Matthew C.; Ginsburg, Kenneth R.; Sobowale, Kunmi; Halliday-Boykins, Colleen A.; Bryant, Brittany E.; Gray, Kevin M.; Squeglia, Lindsay M. (2020-02-01). "Unconscious Bias and the Diagnosis of Disruptive Behavior Disorders and ADHD in African American and Hispanic Youth". Academic Psychiatry. 44 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1007/s40596-019-01127-6. ISSN 1545-7230. PMC 7018590. PMID 31713075.
Lehmann, Stine; Havik, Odd E.; Havik, Toril; Heiervang, Einar R. (2013-11-21). "Mental disorders in foster children: a study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors". Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 7 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-7-39. ISSN 1753-2000. PMC 3922948. PMID 24256809.
Gump BB, Dykas MJ, MacKenzie JA, Dumas AK, Hruska B, Ewart CK, et al. (October 2017). "Background lead and mercury exposures: Psychological and behavioral problems in children". Environmental Research. 158: 576–582. Bibcode:2017ER....158..576G. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.033. PMC 5562507. PMID 28715786.
Bada HS, Das A, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Lester B, LaGasse L, et al. (February 2007). "Impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior problems through school age". Pediatrics. 119 (2): e348-59. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1404. PMID 17272597. S2CID 24104255.
Linares TJ, Singer LT, Kirchner HL, Short EJ, Min MO, Hussey P, Minnes S (January 2006). "Mental health outcomes of cocaine-exposed children at 6 years of age". Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 31 (1): 85–97. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj020. PMC 2617793. PMID 15802608.
Spears GV, Stein JA, Koniak-Griffin D (June 2010). "Latent growth trajectories of substance use among pregnant and parenting adolescents". Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 24 (2): 322–32. doi:10.1037/a0018518. PMC 3008750. PMID 20565158.
Liu J, Zhu Y, Wu YZ (July 2008). "[Features of functional MRI in children with oppositional defiant disorder]". Zhong Nan da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences. 33 (7): 571–5. PMID 18667767.
Eskander, Noha (2020). "The Psychosocial Outcome of Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Cureus. 12 (8): e9521. doi:10.7759/cureus.9521. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 7465825. PMID 32905151.
Eiden RD, Coles CD, Schuetze P, Colder CR (March 2014). "Externalizing behavior problems among polydrug cocaine-exposed children: Indirect pathways via maternal harshness and self-regulation in early childhood". Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 28 (1): 139–53. doi:10.1037/a0032632. PMC 4174429. PMID 23647157.
Vanfossen B, Brown CH, Kellam S, Sokoloff N, Doering S (March 2010). "Neighborhood context and the development of aggression in boys and girls". Journal of Community Psychology. 38 (3): 329–349. doi:10.1002/jcop.20367. PMC 2915468. PMID 20689683.
Steiner H, Remsing L, et al. (The Work Group on Quality Issues) (January 2007). "Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 46 (1): 126–141. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000246060.62706.af. PMID 17195736.
Ghosh A, Ray A, Basu A (2017-11-29). "Oppositional defiant disorder: current insight". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 10: 353–367. doi:10.2147/prbm.s120582. PMC 5716335. PMID 29238235.
Burke JD, Loeber R, Birmaher B (November 2002). "Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part II" (PDF). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 41 (11): 1275–93. doi:10.1097/00004583-200211000-00009. PMID 12410070. S2CID 6249949. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-19.
Nock MK, Kazdin AE, Hiripi E, Kessler RC (July 2007). "Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 48 (7): 703–13. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.476.4197. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01733.x. PMID 17593151.
Maughan B, Rowe R, Messer J, Goodman R, Meltzer H (March 2004). "Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 45 (3): 609–21. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00250.x. PMID 15055379.
Rutter, M.; Shaffer, D. (1980). "DSM-III. A step forward or back in terms of the classification of child psychiatric disorders?". Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. 19 (3): 371–394. doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61060-8. ISSN 0002-7138. PMID 7410749.
Beltrán, Sourik; Sit, Lydia; Ginsburg, Kenneth R. (2021-11-01). "A Call to Revise the Diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder—Diagnoses Are for Helping, Not Harming". JAMA Psychiatry. 78 (11): 1181–1182. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2127. ISSN 2168-622X. PMID 34379091. S2CID 236978057.
Morgan, Paul L.; Staff, Jeremy; Hillemeier, Marianne M.; Farkas, George; Maczuga, Steven (July 2013). "Racial and ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis from kindergarten to eighth grade". Pediatrics. 132 (1): 85–93. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2390. ISSN 1098-4275. PMC 3691530. PMID 23796743.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ghosh, Abhishek; Ray, Anirban; Basu, Aniruddha (2017). "Oppositional defiant disorder: current insight". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 10: 353–367. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S120582. ISSN 1179-1578. PMC 5716335. PMID 29238235.
Pardini DA, Frick PJ, Moffitt TE (November 2010). "Building an evidence base for DSM-5 conceptualizations of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: introduction to the special section". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 119 (4): 683–8. doi:10.1037/a0021441. PMC 3826598. PMID 21090874.
Rowe R, Costello EJ, Angold A, Copeland WE, Maughan B (November 2010). "Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 119 (4): 726–738. doi:10.1037/a0020798. PMC 3057683. PMID 21090876.
Granero, Roser; Louwaars, Leonie; Ezpeleta, Lourdes (2015-09-24). "Socioeconomic status and oppositional defiant disorder in preschoolers: parenting practices and executive functioning as mediating variables". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 1412. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01412. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4585310. PMID 26441784.
Fadus, Matthew C.; Ginsburg, Kenneth R.; Sobowale, Kunmi; Halliday-Boykins, Colleen A.; Bryant, Brittany E.; Gray, Kevin M.; Squeglia, Lindsay M. (2020-02-01). "Unconscious Bias and the Diagnosis of Disruptive Behavior Disorders and ADHD in African American and Hispanic Youth". Academic Psychiatry. 44 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1007/s40596-019-01127-6. ISSN 1545-7230. PMC 7018590. PMID 31713075.
Lehmann, Stine; Havik, Odd E.; Havik, Toril; Heiervang, Einar R. (2013-11-21). "Mental disorders in foster children: a study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors". Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 7 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-7-39. ISSN 1753-2000. PMC 3922948. PMID 24256809.
Kaneshiro N. "Oppositional Defiant Disorder". A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. US: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
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