Optical fiber (English Wikipedia)

Catania, B.; Michetti, L.; Tosco, F.; Occhini, E.; Silvestri, L. (September 1976). "First Italian Experiment with a Buried Optical Cable" (PDF). Proceedings of 2nd European Conference on Optical Communication (II ECOC). pp. 315–322. Retrieved 2022-08-18.

chromisfiber.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Manufacture of Perfluorinated Plastic Optical Fibers" (PDF). chromisfiber.com. 2004. Retrieved 2023-09-11.

ciena.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"JANET Delivers Europe's First 40 Gbps Wavelength Service". Ciena (Press release). 2007-07-09. Archived from the original on 2010-01-14. Retrieved 29 October 2009.

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Olzak, Tom (2007-05-03). "Protect your network against fiber hacks". Techrepublic. CNET. Archived from the original on 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

corning.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Corning Submarine Optical Fibers". Corning.com. Corning Incorporated. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
"Corning announces breakthrough optical fiber technology" (Press release). Corning Incorporated. 2007-07-23. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved 2013-09-09.

crystal-fiber.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The History of Crystal fiber A/S". Crystal Fiber A/S. Archived from the original on 2001-07-23. Retrieved 2008-10-22.

defensefeeds.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How Do Fiber Optic Drones Work? Everything You Need To Know". 2025-01-09. Archived from the original on 2025-05-04. Retrieved 2025-05-04.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Lee, Byoungho (2003). "Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors". Optical Fiber Technology. 9 (2): 57–79. Bibcode:2003OptFT...9...57L. doi:10.1016/s1068-5200(02)00527-8.
Hopkins, H. H.; Kapany, N. S. (1954). "A flexible fiberscope, using static scanning". Nature. 173 (4392): 39–41. Bibcode:1954Natur.173...39H. doi:10.1038/173039b0. S2CID 4275331.
Mears, R.J.; Reekie, L.; Poole, S.B.; Payne, D.N. (30 January 1986). "Low-threshold tunable CW and Q-switched fibre laser operating at 1.55 μm" (PDF). Electronics Letters. 22 (3): 159–160. Bibcode:1986ElL....22..159M. doi:10.1049/el:19860111.
Mears, R.J.; Reekie, L.; Jauncey, I.M.; Payne, D.N. (10 September 1987). "Low-noise erbium-doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54 μm" (PDF). Electronics Letters. 23 (19): 1026–1028. Bibcode:1987ElL....23.1026M. doi:10.1049/el:19870719.
Desurvire, E.; Simpson, J.; Becker, P.C. (1987). "High-gain erbium-doped traveling-wave fiber amplifier". Optics Letters. 12 (11): 888–890. Bibcode:1987OptL...12..888D. doi:10.1364/OL.12.000888. PMID 19741905.
Russell, Philip (2003). "Photonic Crystal Fibers". Science. 299 (5605): 358–62. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..358R. doi:10.1126/science.1079280. PMID 12532007. S2CID 136470113.
Knight, J. C.; Broeng, J.; Birks, T. A.; Russell, P. St. J. (1998). "Photonic Band Gap Guidance in Optical Fibers". Science. 282 (5393): 1476–1478. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1476K. doi:10.1126/science.282.5393.1476. PMID 9822375.
Hecht, Jeff (2011-04-29). "Ultrafast fibre optics set new speed record". New Scientist. Vol. 210, no. 2809. p. 24. Bibcode:2011NewSc.210R..24H. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(11)60912-3. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
Bozinovic, N.; Yue, Y.; Ren, Y.; Tur, M.; Kristensen, P.; Huang, H.; Willner, A. E.; Ramachandran, S. (2013). "Terabit-Scale Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing in Fibers" (PDF). Science. 340 (6140): 1545–1548. Bibcode:2013Sci...340.1545B. doi:10.1126/science.1237861. PMID 23812709. S2CID 206548907. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-20.
Kostovski, G.; Stoddart, P. R.; Mitchell, A (2014). "The optical fiber tip: An inherently light-coupled microscopic platform for micro- and nanotechnologies". Advanced Materials. 26 (23): 3798–820. Bibcode:2014AdM....26.3798K. doi:10.1002/adma.201304605. PMID 24599822. S2CID 32093488.
Gloge, D. (1 October 1971). "Weakly Guiding Fibers". Applied Optics. 10 (10): 2252–8. Bibcode:1971ApOpt..10.2252G. doi:10.1364/AO.10.002252. PMID 20111311. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
Khrapko, R.; Logunov, S. L.; Li, M.; Matthews, H. B.; Tandon, P.; Zhou, C. (2024-04-15). "Quasi Single-Mode Fiber With Record-Low Attenuation of 0.1400 dB/km". IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 36 (8): 539–542. Bibcode:2024IPTL...36..539K. doi:10.1109/LPT.2024.3372786. ISSN 1041-1135.
Smith, R. G. (1972). "Optical Power Handling Capacity of Low Loss Optical Fibers as Determined by Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering". Applied Optics. 11 (11): 2489–94. Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.2489S. doi:10.1364/AO.11.002489. PMID 20119362.
Skuja, L.; Hirano, M.; Hosono, H.; Kajihara, K. (2005). "Defects in oxide glasses". Physica Status Solidi C. 2 (1): 15–24. Bibcode:2005PSSCR...2...15S. doi:10.1002/pssc.200460102.
Kurkjian, Charles R.; Simpkins, Peter G.; Inniss, Daryl (1993). "Strength, Degradation, and Coating of Silica Lightguides". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 76 (5): 1106–1112. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03727.x.
Kurkjian, C (1988). "Mechanical stability of oxide glasses". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 102 (1–3): 71–81. Bibcode:1988JNCS..102...71K. doi:10.1016/0022-3093(88)90114-7.
Kurkjian, C. R.; Krause, J. T.; Matthewson, M. J. (1989). "Strength and fatigue of silica optical fibers". Journal of Lightwave Technology. 7 (9): 1360–1370. Bibcode:1989JLwT....7.1360K. doi:10.1109/50.50715.
Kurkjian, Charles R.; Gebizlioglu, Osman S.; Camlibel, Irfan (1999). "Strength variations in silica fibers". In Matthewson, M. John (ed.). Optical Fiber Reliability and Testing. Photonics '99. Proceedings of SPIE. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series. Vol. 3848. p. 77. Bibcode:1999SPIE.3848...77K. doi:10.1117/12.372757. S2CID 119534094.
Skontorp, Arne (2000). Gobin, Pierre F; Friend, Clifford M (eds.). Nonlinear mechanical properties of silica-based optical fibers. Fifth European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 4073. p. 278. Bibcode:2000SPIE.4073..278S. doi:10.1117/12.396408. S2CID 135912790.
Proctor, B. A.; Whitney, I.; Johnson, J. W. (1967). "The Strength of Fused Silica". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 297 (1451): 534–557. Bibcode:1967RSPSA.297..534P. doi:10.1098/rspa.1967.0085. S2CID 137896322.
Bartenev, G (1968). "The structure and strength of glass fibers". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1 (1): 69–90. Bibcode:1968JNCS....1...69B. doi:10.1016/0022-3093(68)90007-0.
Tran, D.; Sigel, G.; Bendow, B. (1984). "Heavy metal fluoride glasses and fibers: A review". Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2 (5): 566–586. Bibcode:1984JLwT....2..566T. doi:10.1109/JLT.1984.1073661.
Nee, Soe-Mie F.; Johnson, Linda F.; Moran, Mark B.; Pentony, Joni M.; Daigneault, Steven M.; Tran, Danh C.; Billman, Kenneth W.; Siahatgar, Sadegh (2000). "Optical and surface properties of oxyfluoride glass". Inorganic Optical Materials II. International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 4102. p. 122. Bibcode:2000SPIE.4102..122N. doi:10.1117/12.405276. S2CID 137381989.
Karabulut, M.; Melnik, E.; Stefan, R; Marasinghe, G. K.; Ray, C. S.; Kurkjian, C. R.; Day, D. E. (2001). "Mechanical and structural properties of phosphate glasses". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 288 (1–3): 8–17. Bibcode:2001JNCS..288....8K. doi:10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00615-9.
Kurkjian, C. (2000). "Mechanical properties of phosphate glasses". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 263–264 (1–2): 207–212. Bibcode:2000JNCS..263..207K. doi:10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00637-7.
Shiryaev, V.S.; Churbanov, M.F. (2013). "Trends and prospects for development of chalcogenide fibers for mid-infrared transmission". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 377: 225–230. Bibcode:2013JNCS..377..225S. doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.12.048.
Kouznetsov, D.; Moloney, J.V. (2003). "Highly efficient, high-gain, short-length, and power-scalable incoherent diode slab-pumped fiber amplifier/laser". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 39 (11): 1452–1461. Bibcode:2003IJQE...39.1452K. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.196.6031. doi:10.1109/JQE.2003.818311.
Khan, Zeeshan; Islam, Saeed; Shah, Rehan Ali; Khan, Muhammad Altaf; Bonyah, Ebenezer; Jan, Bilal; Khan, Aurangzeb (2017-01-01). "Double-layer optical fiber coating analysis in MHD flow of an elastico-viscous fluid using wet-on-wet coating process". Results in Physics. 7: 107–118. Bibcode:2017ResPh...7..107K. doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2016.11.062. ISSN 2211-3797.
Matthewson, M. (1994). "Optical Fiber Mechanical Testing Techniques" (PDF). Fiber Optics Reliability and Testing. Fiber Optics Reliability and Testing, September 8–9, 1993, Boston, Massachusetts. Critical Reviews of Optical Science and Technology. Vol. CR50. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. pp. 32–59. Bibcode:1993SPIE10272E..05M. doi:10.1117/12.181373. S2CID 136377895. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
Atkins, R. M.; Simpkins, P. G.; Yablon, A. D. (2003). "Track of a fiber fuse: a Rayleigh instability in optical waveguides". Optics Letters. 28 (12): 974–976. Bibcode:2003OptL...28..974A. doi:10.1364/OL.28.000974. PMID 12836750.
Popmintchev, Dimitar; Popmintchev, Tenio; Stoev, Ventzislav; Wang, Siyang; Zhang, Xiaoshi (2022). "Dataset for Analytical Lah–Laguerre optical formalism for perturbative chromatic dispersion". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19236792. Retrieved 2025-07-15.
Popmintchev, Dimitar; Zhang, Xin; Stoev, Ventsislav; Popmintchev, Tenio; Wang, Shaowei (2022). "Analytical Lah–Laguerre optical formalism for perturbative chromatic dispersion". Optics Express. 30 (22): 40779–40808. Bibcode:2022OExpr..3040779P. doi:10.1364/OE.457139. PMID 36299007.

dtu.dk (Global: low place; English: 8,755^th place)

fotonik.dtu.dk

"Petabit per second data transmission speeds from a single chip-scale light source - DTU Electro" (Press release). Technical University of Denmark. 31 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-01-12.

dtu.dk

Krull, Lotte (20 October 2022). "New data transmission record" (Press release). Technical University of Denmark. Retrieved 2024-06-17.

electronicproducts.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

www2.electronicproducts.com

"Photovoltaic feat advances power over optical fiber". Electronic Products. 2006-06-01. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2020-09-26.

espacenet.com (Global: 800^th place; English: 676^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

DE patent 1254513, Börner, Manfred, "Mehrstufiges Übertragungssystem für Pulscodemodulation dargestellte Nachrichten.", issued 1967-11-16, assigned to Telefunken Patentverwertungsgesellschaft m.b.H.
US patent 3845293, Börner, Manfred, "Electro-optical transmission system utilizing lasers"

forbes.com (Global: 54^th place; English: 48^th place)

Hambling, David. "Russian Fiber Optic Drone Beats Any Jammer (UPDATE: Ukraine Version)". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2025-05-04. Retrieved 2025-05-04.

furukawa.co.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

Seo, Koji; et al. (October 2003). "Evaluation of high-power endurance in optical fiber links" (PDF). Furukawa Review (24): 17–22. ISSN 1348-1797. Retrieved 2008-07-05.

ge.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"1971–1985 Continuing the Tradition". GE Innovation Timeline. General Electric Company. Retrieved 2012-09-28.

generalphotonics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Yao, S. (2003). "Polarization in Fiber Systems: Squeezing Out More Bandwidth" (PDF). The Photonics Handbook. Laurin Publishing. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2011.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Lee, Byoungho (2003). "Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors". Optical Fiber Technology. 9 (2): 57–79. Bibcode:2003OptFT...9...57L. doi:10.1016/s1068-5200(02)00527-8.
Hopkins, H. H.; Kapany, N. S. (1954). "A flexible fiberscope, using static scanning". Nature. 173 (4392): 39–41. Bibcode:1954Natur.173...39H. doi:10.1038/173039b0. S2CID 4275331.
Mears, R.J.; Reekie, L.; Poole, S.B.; Payne, D.N. (30 January 1986). "Low-threshold tunable CW and Q-switched fibre laser operating at 1.55 μm" (PDF). Electronics Letters. 22 (3): 159–160. Bibcode:1986ElL....22..159M. doi:10.1049/el:19860111.
Mears, R.J.; Reekie, L.; Jauncey, I.M.; Payne, D.N. (10 September 1987). "Low-noise erbium-doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54 μm" (PDF). Electronics Letters. 23 (19): 1026–1028. Bibcode:1987ElL....23.1026M. doi:10.1049/el:19870719.
Desurvire, E.; Simpson, J.; Becker, P.C. (1987). "High-gain erbium-doped traveling-wave fiber amplifier". Optics Letters. 12 (11): 888–890. Bibcode:1987OptL...12..888D. doi:10.1364/OL.12.000888. PMID 19741905.
Russell, Philip (2003). "Photonic Crystal Fibers". Science. 299 (5605): 358–62. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..358R. doi:10.1126/science.1079280. PMID 12532007. S2CID 136470113.
Knight, J. C.; Broeng, J.; Birks, T. A.; Russell, P. St. J. (1998). "Photonic Band Gap Guidance in Optical Fibers". Science. 282 (5393): 1476–1478. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1476K. doi:10.1126/science.282.5393.1476. PMID 9822375.
Hecht, Jeff (2011-04-29). "Ultrafast fibre optics set new speed record". New Scientist. Vol. 210, no. 2809. p. 24. Bibcode:2011NewSc.210R..24H. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(11)60912-3. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
Bozinovic, N.; Yue, Y.; Ren, Y.; Tur, M.; Kristensen, P.; Huang, H.; Willner, A. E.; Ramachandran, S. (2013). "Terabit-Scale Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing in Fibers" (PDF). Science. 340 (6140): 1545–1548. Bibcode:2013Sci...340.1545B. doi:10.1126/science.1237861. PMID 23812709. S2CID 206548907. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-20.
Kostovski, G.; Stoddart, P. R.; Mitchell, A (2014). "The optical fiber tip: An inherently light-coupled microscopic platform for micro- and nanotechnologies". Advanced Materials. 26 (23): 3798–820. Bibcode:2014AdM....26.3798K. doi:10.1002/adma.201304605. PMID 24599822. S2CID 32093488.
Gloge, D. (1 October 1971). "Weakly Guiding Fibers". Applied Optics. 10 (10): 2252–8. Bibcode:1971ApOpt..10.2252G. doi:10.1364/AO.10.002252. PMID 20111311. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
Khrapko, R.; Logunov, S. L.; Li, M.; Matthews, H. B.; Tandon, P.; Zhou, C. (2024-04-15). "Quasi Single-Mode Fiber With Record-Low Attenuation of 0.1400 dB/km". IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 36 (8): 539–542. Bibcode:2024IPTL...36..539K. doi:10.1109/LPT.2024.3372786. ISSN 1041-1135.
Smith, R. G. (1972). "Optical Power Handling Capacity of Low Loss Optical Fibers as Determined by Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering". Applied Optics. 11 (11): 2489–94. Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.2489S. doi:10.1364/AO.11.002489. PMID 20119362.
Skuja, L.; Hirano, M.; Hosono, H.; Kajihara, K. (2005). "Defects in oxide glasses". Physica Status Solidi C. 2 (1): 15–24. Bibcode:2005PSSCR...2...15S. doi:10.1002/pssc.200460102.
Glaesemann, G. S. (1999). "Advancements in Mechanical Strength and Reliability of Optical Fibers". Proc. SPIE. CR73: 1. Bibcode:1999SPIE.CR73....3G.
Kurkjian, C (1988). "Mechanical stability of oxide glasses". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 102 (1–3): 71–81. Bibcode:1988JNCS..102...71K. doi:10.1016/0022-3093(88)90114-7.
Kurkjian, C. R.; Krause, J. T.; Matthewson, M. J. (1989). "Strength and fatigue of silica optical fibers". Journal of Lightwave Technology. 7 (9): 1360–1370. Bibcode:1989JLwT....7.1360K. doi:10.1109/50.50715.
Kurkjian, Charles R.; Gebizlioglu, Osman S.; Camlibel, Irfan (1999). "Strength variations in silica fibers". In Matthewson, M. John (ed.). Optical Fiber Reliability and Testing. Photonics '99. Proceedings of SPIE. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series. Vol. 3848. p. 77. Bibcode:1999SPIE.3848...77K. doi:10.1117/12.372757. S2CID 119534094.
Skontorp, Arne (2000). Gobin, Pierre F; Friend, Clifford M (eds.). Nonlinear mechanical properties of silica-based optical fibers. Fifth European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 4073. p. 278. Bibcode:2000SPIE.4073..278S. doi:10.1117/12.396408. S2CID 135912790.
Proctor, B. A.; Whitney, I.; Johnson, J. W. (1967). "The Strength of Fused Silica". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 297 (1451): 534–557. Bibcode:1967RSPSA.297..534P. doi:10.1098/rspa.1967.0085. S2CID 137896322.
Bartenev, G (1968). "The structure and strength of glass fibers". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1 (1): 69–90. Bibcode:1968JNCS....1...69B. doi:10.1016/0022-3093(68)90007-0.
Tran, D.; Sigel, G.; Bendow, B. (1984). "Heavy metal fluoride glasses and fibers: A review". Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2 (5): 566–586. Bibcode:1984JLwT....2..566T. doi:10.1109/JLT.1984.1073661.
Nee, Soe-Mie F.; Johnson, Linda F.; Moran, Mark B.; Pentony, Joni M.; Daigneault, Steven M.; Tran, Danh C.; Billman, Kenneth W.; Siahatgar, Sadegh (2000). "Optical and surface properties of oxyfluoride glass". Inorganic Optical Materials II. International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 4102. p. 122. Bibcode:2000SPIE.4102..122N. doi:10.1117/12.405276. S2CID 137381989.
Karabulut, M.; Melnik, E.; Stefan, R; Marasinghe, G. K.; Ray, C. S.; Kurkjian, C. R.; Day, D. E. (2001). "Mechanical and structural properties of phosphate glasses". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 288 (1–3): 8–17. Bibcode:2001JNCS..288....8K. doi:10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00615-9.
Kurkjian, C. (2000). "Mechanical properties of phosphate glasses". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 263–264 (1–2): 207–212. Bibcode:2000JNCS..263..207K. doi:10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00637-7.
Shiryaev, V.S.; Churbanov, M.F. (2013). "Trends and prospects for development of chalcogenide fibers for mid-infrared transmission". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 377: 225–230. Bibcode:2013JNCS..377..225S. doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.12.048.
Kouznetsov, D.; Moloney, J.V. (2003). "Highly efficient, high-gain, short-length, and power-scalable incoherent diode slab-pumped fiber amplifier/laser". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 39 (11): 1452–1461. Bibcode:2003IJQE...39.1452K. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.196.6031. doi:10.1109/JQE.2003.818311.
Khan, Zeeshan; Islam, Saeed; Shah, Rehan Ali; Khan, Muhammad Altaf; Bonyah, Ebenezer; Jan, Bilal; Khan, Aurangzeb (2017-01-01). "Double-layer optical fiber coating analysis in MHD flow of an elastico-viscous fluid using wet-on-wet coating process". Results in Physics. 7: 107–118. Bibcode:2017ResPh...7..107K. doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2016.11.062. ISSN 2211-3797.
Matthewson, M. (1994). "Optical Fiber Mechanical Testing Techniques" (PDF). Fiber Optics Reliability and Testing. Fiber Optics Reliability and Testing, September 8–9, 1993, Boston, Massachusetts. Critical Reviews of Optical Science and Technology. Vol. CR50. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. pp. 32–59. Bibcode:1993SPIE10272E..05M. doi:10.1117/12.181373. S2CID 136377895. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
Atkins, R. M.; Simpkins, P. G.; Yablon, A. D. (2003). "Track of a fiber fuse: a Rayleigh instability in optical waveguides". Optics Letters. 28 (12): 974–976. Bibcode:2003OptL...28..974A. doi:10.1364/OL.28.000974. PMID 12836750.
Popmintchev, Dimitar; Zhang, Xin; Stoev, Ventsislav; Popmintchev, Tenio; Wang, Shaowei (2022). "Analytical Lah–Laguerre optical formalism for perturbative chromatic dispersion". Optics Express. 30 (22): 40779–40808. Bibcode:2022OExpr..3040779P. doi:10.1364/OE.457139. PMID 36299007.

humaneticsgroup.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

optek.humaneticsgroup.com

"Laser Lensing". OpTek Systems Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-07-17.

ieee.org (Global: 652^nd place; English: 515^th place)

spectrum.ieee.org

Anna Basanskaya (1 October 2005). "Electricity Over Glass". IEEE Spectrum.

lightwaveonline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Optical gels improve fiber-optic connectors and splices". Lightwave. 1999-10-01. Retrieved 2025-05-12.

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Pearsall, Thomas (2010). Photonics Essentials (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-162935-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-02-24.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

history.nasa.gov

Lunar Television Camera. Pre-installation Acceptance Test Plan. NASA. 12 March 1968

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

Hecht, Jeff (2011-04-29). "Ultrafast fibre optics set new speed record". New Scientist. Vol. 210, no. 2809. p. 24. Bibcode:2011NewSc.210R..24H. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(11)60912-3. Retrieved 2012-02-26.

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zone.ni.com

"Light collection and propagation". National Instruments' Developer Zone. National Instruments Corporation. Archived from the original on January 25, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-19.

nict.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"World Record Optical Fiber Transmission Capacity Doubles to 22.9 Petabits per Second | 2023". NICT - National Institute of Information and Communications Technology.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Desurvire, E.; Simpson, J.; Becker, P.C. (1987). "High-gain erbium-doped traveling-wave fiber amplifier". Optics Letters. 12 (11): 888–890. Bibcode:1987OptL...12..888D. doi:10.1364/OL.12.000888. PMID 19741905.
Russell, Philip (2003). "Photonic Crystal Fibers". Science. 299 (5605): 358–62. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..358R. doi:10.1126/science.1079280. PMID 12532007. S2CID 136470113.
Knight, J. C.; Broeng, J.; Birks, T. A.; Russell, P. St. J. (1998). "Photonic Band Gap Guidance in Optical Fibers". Science. 282 (5393): 1476–1478. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1476K. doi:10.1126/science.282.5393.1476. PMID 9822375.
Bozinovic, N.; Yue, Y.; Ren, Y.; Tur, M.; Kristensen, P.; Huang, H.; Willner, A. E.; Ramachandran, S. (2013). "Terabit-Scale Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing in Fibers" (PDF). Science. 340 (6140): 1545–1548. Bibcode:2013Sci...340.1545B. doi:10.1126/science.1237861. PMID 23812709. S2CID 206548907. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-20.
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