Optimism (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Optimism" in English language version.

Last modified: 10:08:46, 20 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

3525doi.org

2^nd place

3218nih.gov

5^th place

2315archive.org

6^th place

75web.archive.org

1^st place

66apa.org

1,327^th place

1,093^rd place

64semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

44worldcat.org

4^th place

44sciencedirect.com

137^th place

146^th place

42springer.com

182^nd place

172^nd place

22tandfonline.com

286^th place

209^th place

22psychologytoday.com

2,259^th place

1,691^st place

21mayoclinic.org

2,191^st place

1,798^th place

21positivepsychologynews.com

low place

11merriam-webster.com

425^th place

373^rd place

11oxforddictionaries.com

1,689^th place

1,562^nd place

11youtube.com

13^th place

14^th place

11wiley.com

150^th place

174^th place

11science.org

1,007^th place

665^th place

11adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

11thehill.com

469^th place

252^nd place

11futuremedicine.com

low place

11hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

11loveequals.net

low place

11cnn.com

36^th place

26^th place

11jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

11ericsteinhart.com

low place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

House, J.; Landis, K.; Umberson, D (1988-07-29). "Social relationships and health". Science. 241 (4865): 540–545. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..540H. doi:10.1126/science.3399889. PMID 3399889.

apa.org (Global: 1,327^th place; English: 1,093^rd place)

psycnet.apa.org

Hooker, Karen; Monahan, Deborah; Shifren, Kim; Hutchinson, Cheryl (1992). "Mental and physical health of spouse caregivers: The role of personality". Psychology and Aging. 7 (3): 367–375. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.3.367. PMID 1388857.
Robinson-Whelen, Susan; Kim, Cheongtag; MacCallum, Robert C.; Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K. (1997). "Distinguishing optimism from pessimism in older adults: Is it more important to be optimistic or not to be pessimistic?". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 73 (6): 1345–1353. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1345. PMID 9418282.
Peterson, C. (2000). "The Future of Optimism". American Psychologist. 55 (1): 44–55. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.44. PMID 11392864. S2CID 22373177.
Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. (1985). "Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies". Health Psychology. 4 (3): 219–247. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219. PMID 4029106.
Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S.; Bridges, Michael W. (December 1994). "Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 67 (6): 1063–1078. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063. PMID 7815302.
- Scheier, Michael F.; Matthews, Karen A.; Owens, Jane F.; et al. (1989). "Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: The beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57 (6): 1024–1040. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1024. PMID 2614656.
archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)
- Weiten, Wayne; Lloyd, Margaret (2005). Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century. Belmont, Calif.: Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 96. ISBN 978-0-534-60859-0.
- Vaughan, Susan C. (2000). Half Empty, Half Full: Understanding the Psychological Roots of Optimism. New York: Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-100401-3.
- Breckler, Steven J.; Olson, James; Wiggins, Elizabeth (2006). Social Psychology Alive. Belmont, Calif.: Thomson Learning. pp. 190. ISBN 0-534-57834-9.
- Carver, C. S.; Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57204-0.
- Gillham, Jane E.; Shatté, Andrew J.; Reivich, Karen J.; Seligman, Martin E. P. (2001). "Optimism, Pessimism, and Explanatory Style". In Chang, Edward C. (ed.). Optimism and Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. pp. 53–75. ISBN 978-1-55798-691-7.
- Popper, Micha; Mayseless, Ofra (2013). "Internal World of Transformational Leaders". In Avolio, Bruce; Yammarino, Francis (eds.). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-78190-599-9.
- Abela, John R.Z.; Auerbach, Randy P.; Seligman, Martin E.P. (2008). "Dispositional Pessimism Across the Lifespan". In Dobson, Keith; Dozois, David (eds.). Risk Factors in Depression. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-08-045078-0.
- Breckler, Steven; Olson, James; Wiggins, Elizabeth (2005). Social Psychology Alive. Belmont, Calif.: Thomson Wadsworth. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-534-57834-3.
- Affleck, Glenn; Tennen, Howard; Apter, Andrea (2001). "Optimism, Pessimism, and Daily Life With Chronic Illness". In Chang, E. (ed.). Optimism & Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. pp. 147–168. ISBN 978-1-55798-691-7.
- Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S.; Bridges, Michael W. (2001). "Optimism, Pessimism, and Psychological Well-Being". In Chang, E. (ed.). Optimism & Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. pp. 189–216. ISBN 978-1-55798-691-7.
- Rockwell, Sylvia (2006). You Can't Make Me!: From Chaos to Cooperation in the Elementary Classroom. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4129-1661-5.
- Rand, Kevin L.; Shea, Amanda M. (2013). "Optimism Within the Context of Disability". In Wehmeyer, Michael L. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and Disability. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-539878-6.
- Craig, Edward (2005). The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Oxon: Routledge. p. 1052. ISBN 978-1-134-34409-3.
- Zack, Naomi (2009). The Handy Philosophy Answer Book. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-57859-277-7.
- Ben-Shahar, Tal (11 March 2009). The Pursuit of Perfect: How to Stop Chasing Perfection and Start Living a Richer, Happier Life. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-07-160882-4. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)
- Smith, Jen Rose (17 September 2020). "When does a good attitude become toxic positivity?". CNN. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)
- Bates, Timothy C. (25 February 2015). "The glass is half full and half empty: A population-representative twin study testing if optimism and pessimism are distinct systems". The Journal of Positive Psychology. 10 (6): 533–542. doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1015155. PMC 4637169. PMID 26561494.
- Sharot, Tali (December 2011). "The optimism bias". Current Biology. 21 (23): R941–R945. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.030. PMID 22153158.
- Scheier, M. F.; Carver, C. S. (1987). "Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health". Journal of Personality. 55 (2): 169–210. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x. PMID 3497256.
- House, J.; Landis, K.; Umberson, D (1988-07-29). "Social relationships and health". Science. 241 (4865): 540–545. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..540H. doi:10.1126/science.3399889. PMID 3399889.
- Lorant, Vincent; Croux, Christophe; Weich, Scott; Deliège, Denise; Mackenbach, Johan; Ansseau, Marc (2007-04-01). "Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 190 (4): 293–298. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020040. ISSN 0007-1250. PMID 17401034.
- Hooker, Karen; Monahan, Deborah; Shifren, Kim; Hutchinson, Cheryl (1992). "Mental and physical health of spouse caregivers: The role of personality". Psychology and Aging. 7 (3): 367–375. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.3.367. PMID 1388857.
- Herzberg, Philipp Yorck; Glaesmer, Heide; Hoyer, Jürgen (2006). "Separating optimism and pessimism: A robust psychometric analysis of the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R)". Psychological Assessment. 18 (4): 433–438. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.4.433. PMID 17154764. S2CID 14674536.
- Robinson-Whelen, Susan; Kim, Cheongtag; MacCallum, Robert C.; Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K. (1997). "Distinguishing optimism from pessimism in older adults: Is it more important to be optimistic or not to be pessimistic?". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 73 (6): 1345–1353. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1345. PMID 9418282.
- Liu, Caimei; Bates, Timothy C. (2014-08-01). "The structure of attributional style: Cognitive styles and optimism–pessimism bias in the Attributional Style Questionnaire". Personality and Individual Differences. 66: 79–85. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.022.
- Peterson, C. (2000). "The Future of Optimism". American Psychologist. 55 (1): 44–55. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.44. PMID 11392864. S2CID 22373177.
- - Abramson, L.; Dykman, B.; Needles, D. (1991). "Attributional Style and Theory: Let No One Tear Them Asunder". Psychological Inquiry. 2 (1): 11–13. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0201_2.
  - Schulman, P.; Keith, D.; Seligman, M. (1993). "Is Optimism Heritable? A Study of Twins". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 31 (6): 569–574. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90108-7. PMID 8347115.
  - Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. (1985). "Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies". Health Psychology. 4 (3): 219–247. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219. PMID 4029106.
  - Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S.; Bridges, Michael W. (December 1994). "Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 67 (6): 1063–1078. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063. PMID 7815302.
  - Peterson, Christopher; Semmel, Amy; von Baeyer, Carl; Abramson, Lyn Y.; Metalsky, Gerald I.; Seligman, Martin E. P. (September 1982). "The Attributional Style Questionnaire". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 6 (3): 287–299. doi:10.1007/BF01173577. S2CID 30737751.
  - Peterson, Christopher; Park, Nansook; Kim, Eric S. (February 2012). "Can optimism decrease the risk of illness and disease among the elderly?". Aging Health. 8 (1): 5–8. doi:10.2217/ahe.11.81.
  - Scheier, Michael F.; Matthews, Karen A.; Owens, Jane F.; et al. (1989). "Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: The beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57 (6): 1024–1040. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1024. PMID 2614656.
    Kim, Eric S.; Park, Nansook; Peterson, Christopher (October 2011). "Dispositional Optimism Protects Older Adults From Stroke: The Health And Retirement Study". Stroke. 42 (10): 2855–2859. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.613448. PMID 21778446.
    Giltay, Erik J.; Zitman, Frans G.; Kromhout, Daan (March 2006). "Dispositional optimism and the risk of depressive symptoms during 15 years of follow-up: The Zutphen Elderly Study". Journal of Affective Disorders. 91 (1): 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.027. PMID 16443281.
    Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. (April 1992). "Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 16 (2): 201–228. doi:10.1007/BF01173489. S2CID 6849439.
    Wilson, Micah K.; Boag, Russell James; Strickland, Luke (2019-12-01). "All models are wrong, some are useful, but are they reproducible? Commentary on Lee et al. (2019)". Computational Brain & Behavior. 2 (3): 239–241. doi:10.1007/s42113-019-00054-x. hdl:20.500.11937/77774. ISSN 2522-087X.
    López, J.; Romero-Moreno, R.; Márquez-González, M.; Losada, A. (2015-04-01). "Anger and Health in Dementia Caregivers: Exploring the Mediation Effect of Optimism". Stress and Health. 31 (2): 158–165. doi:10.1002/smi.2539. ISSN 1532-2998. PMID 24123699.
    Alarcon, Gene M.; Bowling, Nathan A.; Khazon, Steven (May 2013). "Great expectations: A meta-analytic examination of optimism and hope". Personality and Individual Differences. 54 (7): 821–827. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.004.
    Giltay, Erik J.; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Zitman, Frans G.; Buijsse, Brian; Kromhout, Daan (November 2007). "Lifestyle and dietary correlates of dispositional optimism in men: The Zutphen Elderly Study". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 63 (5): 483–490. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.014. PMID 17980220.
    Parker, W. D.; Adkins, K. K. (1994), "Perfectionism and the gifted", Roeper Review, 17 (3): 173–176, doi:10.1080/02783199509553653
    ericsteinhart.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Steinhart, Eric (2010). "Platonic Atheism" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
    futuremedicine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Peterson, Christopher; Park, Nansook; Kim, Eric S. (February 2012). "Can optimism decrease the risk of illness and disease among the elderly?". Aging Health. 8 (1): 5–8. doi:10.2217/ahe.11.81.
    hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)
    Wilson, Micah K.; Boag, Russell James; Strickland, Luke (2019-12-01). "All models are wrong, some are useful, but are they reproducible? Commentary on Lee et al. (2019)". Computational Brain & Behavior. 2 (3): 239–241. doi:10.1007/s42113-019-00054-x. hdl:20.500.11937/77774. ISSN 2522-087X.
    jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)
    Rescher, Nicholas (June 2000). "Optimalism and axiological metaphysics". The Review of Metaphysics. 53 (4): 807–35. ISSN 0034-6632. JSTOR 20131443.
    loveequals.net (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Singh, Sarbjit (May 2019). "How Optimism Affects Happiness". Love Equals.
    mayoclinic.org (Global: 2,191^st place; English: 1,798^th place)
    "Positive thinking: Stop negative self-talk to reduce stress". Mayo Clinic. March 4, 2014. Archived from the original on September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
    merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)
    "optimism". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
    nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)
    pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    Bates, Timothy C. (25 February 2015). "The glass is half full and half empty: A population-representative twin study testing if optimism and pessimism are distinct systems". The Journal of Positive Psychology. 10 (6): 533–542. doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1015155. PMC 4637169. PMID 26561494.
    Sharot, Tali (December 2011). "The optimism bias". Current Biology. 21 (23): R941–R945. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.030. PMID 22153158.
    Scheier, M. F.; Carver, C. S. (1987). "Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health". Journal of Personality. 55 (2): 169–210. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x. PMID 3497256.
    House, J.; Landis, K.; Umberson, D (1988-07-29). "Social relationships and health". Science. 241 (4865): 540–545. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..540H. doi:10.1126/science.3399889. PMID 3399889.
    Lorant, Vincent; Croux, Christophe; Weich, Scott; Deliège, Denise; Mackenbach, Johan; Ansseau, Marc (2007-04-01). "Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 190 (4): 293–298. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020040. ISSN 0007-1250. PMID 17401034.
    Hooker, Karen; Monahan, Deborah; Shifren, Kim; Hutchinson, Cheryl (1992). "Mental and physical health of spouse caregivers: The role of personality". Psychology and Aging. 7 (3): 367–375. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.3.367. PMID 1388857.
    Herzberg, Philipp Yorck; Glaesmer, Heide; Hoyer, Jürgen (2006). "Separating optimism and pessimism: A robust psychometric analysis of the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R)". Psychological Assessment. 18 (4): 433–438. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.4.433. PMID 17154764. S2CID 14674536.
    Robinson-Whelen, Susan; Kim, Cheongtag; MacCallum, Robert C.; Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K. (1997). "Distinguishing optimism from pessimism in older adults: Is it more important to be optimistic or not to be pessimistic?". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 73 (6): 1345–1353. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1345. PMID 9418282.
    Peterson, C. (2000). "The Future of Optimism". American Psychologist. 55 (1): 44–55. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.44. PMID 11392864. S2CID 22373177.
    Schulman, P.; Keith, D.; Seligman, M. (1993). "Is Optimism Heritable? A Study of Twins". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 31 (6): 569–574. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90108-7. PMID 8347115.
    Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. (1985). "Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies". Health Psychology. 4 (3): 219–247. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219. PMID 4029106.
    Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S.; Bridges, Michael W. (December 1994). "Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 67 (6): 1063–1078. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063. PMID 7815302.
    Scheier, Michael F.; Matthews, Karen A.; Owens, Jane F.; et al. (1989). "Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: The beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57 (6): 1024–1040. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1024. PMID 2614656.
    Kim, Eric S.; Park, Nansook; Peterson, Christopher (October 2011). "Dispositional Optimism Protects Older Adults From Stroke: The Health And Retirement Study". Stroke. 42 (10): 2855–2859. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.613448. PMID 21778446.
    Giltay, Erik J.; Zitman, Frans G.; Kromhout, Daan (March 2006). "Dispositional optimism and the risk of depressive symptoms during 15 years of follow-up: The Zutphen Elderly Study". Journal of Affective Disorders. 91 (1): 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.027. PMID 16443281.
    López, J.; Romero-Moreno, R.; Márquez-González, M.; Losada, A. (2015-04-01). "Anger and Health in Dementia Caregivers: Exploring the Mediation Effect of Optimism". Stress and Health. 31 (2): 158–165. doi:10.1002/smi.2539. ISSN 1532-2998. PMID 24123699.
    Giltay, Erik J.; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Zitman, Frans G.; Buijsse, Brian; Kromhout, Daan (November 2007). "Lifestyle and dietary correlates of dispositional optimism in men: The Zutphen Elderly Study". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 63 (5): 483–490. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.014. PMID 17980220.
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    Bates, Timothy C. (25 February 2015). "The glass is half full and half empty: A population-representative twin study testing if optimism and pessimism are distinct systems". The Journal of Positive Psychology. 10 (6): 533–542. doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1015155. PMC 4637169. PMID 26561494.
    oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689^th place; English: 1,562^nd place)
    "Definition of optimism in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06.
    positivepsychologynews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Horne, Amanda (2009-09-03). "Positive Psychology News Daily". Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
    psychologytoday.com (Global: 2,259^th place; English: 1,691^st place)
    Bergland, Christopher (2013-07-24). "Optimism Stabilizes Cortisol Levels and Lowers Stress". Psychology Today: The Athlete's Way.
    "Perfectionism: Impossible Dream", Psychology Today, May 1995, retrieved 2011-07-26{{citation}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
    science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)
    House, J.; Landis, K.; Umberson, D (1988-07-29). "Social relationships and health". Science. 241 (4865): 540–545. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..540H. doi:10.1126/science.3399889. PMID 3399889.
    sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)
    Liu, Caimei; Bates, Timothy C. (2014-08-01). "The structure of attributional style: Cognitive styles and optimism–pessimism bias in the Attributional Style Questionnaire". Personality and Individual Differences. 66: 79–85. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.022.
    Giltay, Erik J.; Zitman, Frans G.; Kromhout, Daan (March 2006). "Dispositional optimism and the risk of depressive symptoms during 15 years of follow-up: The Zutphen Elderly Study". Journal of Affective Disorders. 91 (1): 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.027. PMID 16443281.
    Alarcon, Gene M.; Bowling, Nathan A.; Khazon, Steven (May 2013). "Great expectations: A meta-analytic examination of optimism and hope". Personality and Individual Differences. 54 (7): 821–827. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.004.
    Giltay, Erik J.; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Zitman, Frans G.; Buijsse, Brian; Kromhout, Daan (November 2007). "Lifestyle and dietary correlates of dispositional optimism in men: The Zutphen Elderly Study". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 63 (5): 483–490. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.014. PMID 17980220.
    semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)
    api.semanticscholar.org
    Herzberg, Philipp Yorck; Glaesmer, Heide; Hoyer, Jürgen (2006). "Separating optimism and pessimism: A robust psychometric analysis of the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R)". Psychological Assessment. 18 (4): 433–438. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.4.433. PMID 17154764. S2CID 14674536.
    Peterson, C. (2000). "The Future of Optimism". American Psychologist. 55 (1): 44–55. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.44. PMID 11392864. S2CID 22373177.
    Peterson, Christopher; Semmel, Amy; von Baeyer, Carl; Abramson, Lyn Y.; Metalsky, Gerald I.; Seligman, Martin E. P. (September 1982). "The Attributional Style Questionnaire". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 6 (3): 287–299. doi:10.1007/BF01173577. S2CID 30737751.
    Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. (April 1992). "Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 16 (2): 201–228. doi:10.1007/BF01173489. S2CID 6849439.
    springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)
    link.springer.com
    Peterson, Christopher; Semmel, Amy; von Baeyer, Carl; Abramson, Lyn Y.; Metalsky, Gerald I.; Seligman, Martin E. P. (September 1982). "The Attributional Style Questionnaire". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 6 (3): 287–299. doi:10.1007/BF01173577. S2CID 30737751.
    Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. (April 1992). "Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 16 (2): 201–228. doi:10.1007/BF01173489. S2CID 6849439.
    tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)
    Abramson, L.; Dykman, B.; Needles, D. (1991). "Attributional Style and Theory: Let No One Tear Them Asunder". Psychological Inquiry. 2 (1): 11–13. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0201_2.
    Parker, W. D.; Adkins, K. K. (1994), "Perfectionism and the gifted", Roeper Review, 17 (3): 173–176, doi:10.1080/02783199509553653
    thehill.com (Global: 469^th place; English: 252^nd place)
    Abbott, Eileen (14 November 2019). "Optimists live longer. Here's why". Changing America. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
    web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)
    "optimism". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
    "Definition of optimism in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06.
    "Positive thinking: Stop negative self-talk to reduce stress". Mayo Clinic. March 4, 2014. Archived from the original on September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
    Steinhart, Eric (2010). "Platonic Atheism" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
    Horne, Amanda (2009-09-03). "Positive Psychology News Daily". Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
    wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)
    onlinelibrary.wiley.com
    Scheier, M. F.; Carver, C. S. (1987). "Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health". Journal of Personality. 55 (2): 169–210. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x. PMID 3497256.
    worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)
    search.worldcat.org
    Lorant, Vincent; Croux, Christophe; Weich, Scott; Deliège, Denise; Mackenbach, Johan; Ansseau, Marc (2007-04-01). "Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 190 (4): 293–298. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020040. ISSN 0007-1250. PMID 17401034.
    Wilson, Micah K.; Boag, Russell James; Strickland, Luke (2019-12-01). "All models are wrong, some are useful, but are they reproducible? Commentary on Lee et al. (2019)". Computational Brain & Behavior. 2 (3): 239–241. doi:10.1007/s42113-019-00054-x. hdl:20.500.11937/77774. ISSN 2522-087X.
    López, J.; Romero-Moreno, R.; Márquez-González, M.; Losada, A. (2015-04-01). "Anger and Health in Dementia Caregivers: Exploring the Mediation Effect of Optimism". Stress and Health. 31 (2): 158–165. doi:10.1002/smi.2539. ISSN 1532-2998. PMID 24123699.
    Rescher, Nicholas (June 2000). "Optimalism and axiological metaphysics". The Review of Metaphysics. 53 (4): 807–35. ISSN 0034-6632. JSTOR 20131443.
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Optimism (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

apa.org (Global: 1,327th place; English: 1,093rd place)

psycnet.apa.org

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ericsteinhart.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

futuremedicine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

loveequals.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

mayoclinic.org (Global: 2,191st place; English: 1,798th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425th place; English: 373rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689th place; English: 1,562nd place)

positivepsychologynews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

psychologytoday.com (Global: 2,259th place; English: 1,691st place)

science.org (Global: 1,007th place; English: 665th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; English: 146th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; English: 172nd place)

link.springer.com

tandfonline.com (Global: 286th place; English: 209th place)

thehill.com (Global: 469th place; English: 252nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wiley.com (Global: 150th place; English: 174th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

youtube.com (Global: 13th place; English: 14th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

apa.org (Global: 1,327^th place; English: 1,093^rd place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

mayoclinic.org (Global: 2,191^st place; English: 1,798^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689^th place; English: 1,562^nd place)

psychologytoday.com (Global: 2,259^th place; English: 1,691^st place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

thehill.com (Global: 469^th place; English: 252^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)