Bander van Duren wrongly states that they were introduced in 1977: Bander van Duren (1987). The Cross on the Sword. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe Limited. p. 156. ISBN978-0-905715-32-2.
Gautier, Léon (1891). Chivalry. Translated by Frith, Henry. Glasgow: G. Routledge and Sons. p. 223. ISBN9780517686355. Retrieved 21 June 2019. Every knight has the power to create knights
Acta Apostolicae Sedis, 20 April 1915, extending and clarifying the Apostolic Constitution Militantis Ecclesiae of Innocent X, 19 December 1644, cited in "A Decree on Ecclesiastical Heraldry". The Ecclesiastical Review. 53: 75 (Latin), 82–83 (English). July 1915. Retrieved 13 December 2019.