Origin of speech (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Origin of speech" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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33doi.org

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32nih.gov

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14semanticscholar.org

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10harvard.edu

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4worldcat.org

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2web.archive.org

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1archive.org

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1nature.com

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1univ-paris8.fr

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1brown.edu

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1npr.org

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1berkeley.edu

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1nytimes.com

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1jstor.org

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1yale.edu

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1archives-ouvertes.fr

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1arxiv.org

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archive.org

Goodall, Jane (1986). The chimpanzees of Gombe : patterns of behavior. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-11649-8. OCLC 12550961.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Moulin-Frier, C.; Laurent, R.; Bessière, P.; Schwartz, J. L.; Diard, J. (September 2012). "Adverse conditions improve distinguishability of auditory, motor, and perceptuo-motor theories of speech perception: An exploratory Bayesian modeling study" (PDF). Language and Cognitive Processes. 27 (7–8): 1240–1263. doi:10.1080/01690965.2011.645313. S2CID 55504109.

arxiv.org

Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves (April 2005). "The self-organization of speech sounds". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 233 (3): 435–449. arXiv:cs/0502086. Bibcode:2005JThBi.233..435O. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.10.025. PMID 15652151. S2CID 3252482.

berkeley.edu

linguistics.berkeley.edu

John J. Ohala, 2000. The irrelevance of the lowered larynx in modern Man for the development of speech. Paris, ENST: The Evolution of Language, pp. 171-172.

brown.edu

cog.brown.edu

Lieberman, Philip (2007). "The Evolution of Human Speech: Its Anatomical and Neural Bases" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 48 (1): 39–66. doi:10.1086/509092. S2CID 28651524. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-11. Retrieved 2012-07-22.

doi.org

Riede, T.; Bronson, E.; Hatzikirou, H.; Zuberbühler, K. (Jan 2005). "Vocal production mechanisms in a non-human primate: morphological data and a model" (PDF). J Hum Evol. 48 (1): 85–96. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.10.002. PMID 15656937.
Riede, T.; Bronson, E.; Hatzikirou, H.; Zuberbühler, K. (February 2006). "Multiple discontinuities in nonhuman vocal tracts – A reply". Journal of Human Evolution. 50 (2): 222–225. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.10.005.
Fitch, W.Tecumseh (July 2000). "The evolution of speech: a comparative review". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 4 (7): 258–267. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.22.3754. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01494-7. PMID 10859570. S2CID 14706592.
Hickok, G.; Bellugi, U.; Klima, ES. (Jun 1996). "The neurobiology of sign language and its implications for the neural basis of language". Nature. 381 (6584): 699–702. Bibcode:1996Natur.381..699H. doi:10.1038/381699a0. PMID 8649515. S2CID 27480040.
Hauser, M. D.; Chomsky, N; Fitch, WT (22 November 2002). "The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve?". Science. 298 (5598): 1569–1579. doi:10.1126/science.298.5598.1569. PMID 12446899.
Burling, R (1993). "Primate calls, human language, and nonverbal communication". Current Anthropology. 34: 25–53. doi:10.1086/204132. S2CID 147082731.
Joordens, Josephine C. A. (3 December 2014). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
Verhaegen, M.; Munro, S. (January 2004). "Possible preadaptations to speech. A preliminary comparative". Human Evolution. 19 (1): 53–70. doi:10.1007/BF02438909. S2CID 86519517. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
Lieberman, Philip; Crelin, Edmund S.; Klatt, Dennis H. (June 1972). "Phonetic Ability and Related Anatomy of the Newborn and Adult Human, Neanderthal Man, and the Chimpanzee". American Anthropologist. 74 (3): 287–307. doi:10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00020.
MacLarnon AM, Hewitt GP (July 1999). "The evolution of human speech: the role of enhanced breathing control". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 109 (3): 341–63. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<341::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 10407464.
MacLarnon, Ann; Hewitt, Gwen (2004). "Increased breathing control: Another factor in the evolution of human language". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 13 (5): 181–197. doi:10.1002/evan.20032. S2CID 84625135.
Fitch, W.T. (2000). "The phonetic potential of nonhuman vocal tracts: comparative cineradiographic observations of vocalizing animals". Phonetica. 57 (2–4): 205–18. doi:10.1159/000028474. PMID 10992141. S2CID 202652500.
Fitch, W.T.; Reby, D. (Aug 2001). "The descended larynx is not uniquely human". Proc Biol Sci. 268 (1477): 1669–75. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1704. PMC 1088793. PMID 11506679.
Weissengruber, G.E.; Forstenpointner, G.; Peters, G.; Kübber-Heiss, A.; Fitch, W.T. (Sep 2002). "Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyxjubatus) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus)". J Anat. 201 (3): 195–209. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x. PMC 1570911. PMID 12363272.
Lieberman, Philip (2007). "The Evolution of Human Speech: Its Anatomical and Neural Bases" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 48 (1): 39–66. doi:10.1086/509092. S2CID 28651524. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-11. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
Nishimura, T.; Mikami, A.; Suzuki, J.; Matsuzawa, T. (Sep 2006). "Descent of the hyoid in chimpanzees: evolution of face flattening and speech". J Hum Evol. 51 (3): 244–54. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.03.005. PMID 16730049.
Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.
Nishimura, T.; Mikami, A.; Suzuki, J.; Matsuzawa, T. (Jun 2003). "Descent of the larynx in chimpanzee infants". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (12): 6930–3. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6930N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1231107100. PMC 165807. PMID 12775758.
Boë, L.J.; et al. (2002). "The potential of Neandertal vowel space was as large as that of modern humans". Journal of Phonetics. 30 (3): 465–484. doi:10.1006/jpho.2002.0170.
Arensburg, B.; Schepartz, LA.; Tillier, AM.; Vandermeersch, B.; Rak, Y. (Oct 1990). "A reappraisal of the anatomical basis for speech in Middle Palaeolithic hominids". Am J Phys Anthropol. 83 (2): 137–146. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330830202. PMID 2248373.
Arensburg B, Tillier AM, Vandermeersch B, Duday H, Schepartz LA, Rak Y (April 1989). "A Middle Palaeolithic human hyoid bone". Nature. 338 (6218): 758–60. Bibcode:1989Natur.338..758A. doi:10.1038/338758a0. PMID 2716823. S2CID 4309147.
Martínez I.; Rosa M.; Arsuaga J.L.; Jarabo P.; Quam R.; Lorenzo C.; Gracia A.; Carretero J.M.; Bermúdez de Castro J.M.; Carbonell E. (July 2004). "Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (27): 9976–81. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.9976M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403595101. PMC 454200. PMID 15213327.
Kay, R. F.; Cartmill, M.; Balow, M. (1998). "The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 95 (9): 5417–5419. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.5417K. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5417. PMC 20276. PMID 9560291.
DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, W. H.; Turner, S. P. (1999). "Hypoglossal canal size and hominid speech". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 96 (4): 1800–1804. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.1800D. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1800. PMC 15600. PMID 9990105.
Jungers, W. L.; Pokempner, A. A.; Kay, R. F.; Cartmill, M. (2003). "Hypoglossal canal size in living hominoids and the evolution of human speech". Human Biology. 75 (4): 473–484. doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0057. PMID 14655872. S2CID 30777048.
Steels, L (1995). "A self-organizing spatial vocabulary". Artificial Life. 2 (3): 319–332. doi:10.1162/artl.1995.2.319. hdl:10261/127969. PMID 8925502.
de Boer, Bart (October 2000). "Self-organization in vowel systems". Journal of Phonetics. 28 (4): 441–465. doi:10.1006/jpho.2000.0125.
Moulin-Frier, C.; Laurent, R.; Bessière, P.; Schwartz, J. L.; Diard, J. (September 2012). "Adverse conditions improve distinguishability of auditory, motor, and perceptuo-motor theories of speech perception: An exploratory Bayesian modeling study" (PDF). Language and Cognitive Processes. 27 (7–8): 1240–1263. doi:10.1080/01690965.2011.645313. S2CID 55504109.
Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves (April 2005). "The self-organization of speech sounds". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 233 (3): 435–449. arXiv:cs/0502086. Bibcode:2005JThBi.233..435O. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.10.025. PMID 15652151. S2CID 3252482.
Newman, A. J.; et al. (2002). "A Critical Period for Right Hemisphere Recruitment in American Sign Language Processing". Nature Neuroscience. 5 (1): 76–80. doi:10.1038/nn775. PMID 11753419. S2CID 2745545.
Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.
Hunley, K.; Bowern, C.; Healy, M. (1 February 2012). "Rejection of a serial founder effects model of genetic and linguistic coevolution". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1736): 2281–2288. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2296. PMC 3321699. PMID 22298843.
Bowern, Claire (January 2011). "Out of Africa? The logic of phoneme inventories and founder effects". Linguistic Typology. 15 (2). doi:10.1515/lity.2011.015. hdl:1885/28291. S2CID 120276963.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Steels, L (1995). "A self-organizing spatial vocabulary". Artificial Life. 2 (3): 319–332. doi:10.1162/artl.1995.2.319. hdl:10261/127969. PMID 8925502.
Bowern, Claire (January 2011). "Out of Africa? The logic of phoneme inventories and founder effects". Linguistic Typology. 15 (2). doi:10.1515/lity.2011.015. hdl:1885/28291. S2CID 120276963.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hickok, G.; Bellugi, U.; Klima, ES. (Jun 1996). "The neurobiology of sign language and its implications for the neural basis of language". Nature. 381 (6584): 699–702. Bibcode:1996Natur.381..699H. doi:10.1038/381699a0. PMID 8649515. S2CID 27480040.
Joordens, Josephine C. A. (3 December 2014). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.
Nishimura, T.; Mikami, A.; Suzuki, J.; Matsuzawa, T. (Jun 2003). "Descent of the larynx in chimpanzee infants". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (12): 6930–3. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6930N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1231107100. PMC 165807. PMID 12775758.
Arensburg B, Tillier AM, Vandermeersch B, Duday H, Schepartz LA, Rak Y (April 1989). "A Middle Palaeolithic human hyoid bone". Nature. 338 (6218): 758–60. Bibcode:1989Natur.338..758A. doi:10.1038/338758a0. PMID 2716823. S2CID 4309147.
Martínez I.; Rosa M.; Arsuaga J.L.; Jarabo P.; Quam R.; Lorenzo C.; Gracia A.; Carretero J.M.; Bermúdez de Castro J.M.; Carbonell E. (July 2004). "Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (27): 9976–81. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.9976M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403595101. PMC 454200. PMID 15213327.
Kay, R. F.; Cartmill, M.; Balow, M. (1998). "The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 95 (9): 5417–5419. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.5417K. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5417. PMC 20276. PMID 9560291.
DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, W. H.; Turner, S. P. (1999). "Hypoglossal canal size and hominid speech". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 96 (4): 1800–1804. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.1800D. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1800. PMC 15600. PMID 9990105.
Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves (April 2005). "The self-organization of speech sounds". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 233 (3): 435–449. arXiv:cs/0502086. Bibcode:2005JThBi.233..435O. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.10.025. PMID 15652151. S2CID 3252482.
Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.

jstor.org

Lieberman, Philip; Crelin, Edmund S. (Spring 1971). "On the Speech of Neanderthal Man" (PDF). Linguistic Inquiry. 2 (2): 203–222. JSTOR 4177625. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2019-09-03.

nature.com

Joordens, Josephine C. A. (3 December 2014). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751. Retrieved 11 June 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Riede, T.; Bronson, E.; Hatzikirou, H.; Zuberbühler, K. (Jan 2005). "Vocal production mechanisms in a non-human primate: morphological data and a model" (PDF). J Hum Evol. 48 (1): 85–96. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.10.002. PMID 15656937.
Fitch, W.Tecumseh (July 2000). "The evolution of speech: a comparative review". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 4 (7): 258–267. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.22.3754. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01494-7. PMID 10859570. S2CID 14706592.
Hickok, G.; Bellugi, U.; Klima, ES. (Jun 1996). "The neurobiology of sign language and its implications for the neural basis of language". Nature. 381 (6584): 699–702. Bibcode:1996Natur.381..699H. doi:10.1038/381699a0. PMID 8649515. S2CID 27480040.
Hauser, M. D.; Chomsky, N; Fitch, WT (22 November 2002). "The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve?". Science. 298 (5598): 1569–1579. doi:10.1126/science.298.5598.1569. PMID 12446899.
Joordens, Josephine C. A. (3 December 2014). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
MacLarnon AM, Hewitt GP (July 1999). "The evolution of human speech: the role of enhanced breathing control". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 109 (3): 341–63. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<341::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 10407464.
Fitch, W.T. (2000). "The phonetic potential of nonhuman vocal tracts: comparative cineradiographic observations of vocalizing animals". Phonetica. 57 (2–4): 205–18. doi:10.1159/000028474. PMID 10992141. S2CID 202652500.
Fitch, W.T.; Reby, D. (Aug 2001). "The descended larynx is not uniquely human". Proc Biol Sci. 268 (1477): 1669–75. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1704. PMC 1088793. PMID 11506679.
Weissengruber, G.E.; Forstenpointner, G.; Peters, G.; Kübber-Heiss, A.; Fitch, W.T. (Sep 2002). "Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyxjubatus) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus)". J Anat. 201 (3): 195–209. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x. PMC 1570911. PMID 12363272.
Nishimura, T.; Mikami, A.; Suzuki, J.; Matsuzawa, T. (Sep 2006). "Descent of the hyoid in chimpanzees: evolution of face flattening and speech". J Hum Evol. 51 (3): 244–54. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.03.005. PMID 16730049.
Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.
Nishimura, T.; Mikami, A.; Suzuki, J.; Matsuzawa, T. (Jun 2003). "Descent of the larynx in chimpanzee infants". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (12): 6930–3. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6930N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1231107100. PMC 165807. PMID 12775758.
Arensburg, B.; Schepartz, LA.; Tillier, AM.; Vandermeersch, B.; Rak, Y. (Oct 1990). "A reappraisal of the anatomical basis for speech in Middle Palaeolithic hominids". Am J Phys Anthropol. 83 (2): 137–146. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330830202. PMID 2248373.
Arensburg B, Tillier AM, Vandermeersch B, Duday H, Schepartz LA, Rak Y (April 1989). "A Middle Palaeolithic human hyoid bone". Nature. 338 (6218): 758–60. Bibcode:1989Natur.338..758A. doi:10.1038/338758a0. PMID 2716823. S2CID 4309147.
Martínez I.; Rosa M.; Arsuaga J.L.; Jarabo P.; Quam R.; Lorenzo C.; Gracia A.; Carretero J.M.; Bermúdez de Castro J.M.; Carbonell E. (July 2004). "Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (27): 9976–81. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.9976M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403595101. PMC 454200. PMID 15213327.
Kay, R. F.; Cartmill, M.; Balow, M. (1998). "The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 95 (9): 5417–5419. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.5417K. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5417. PMC 20276. PMID 9560291.
DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, W. H.; Turner, S. P. (1999). "Hypoglossal canal size and hominid speech". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 96 (4): 1800–1804. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.1800D. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1800. PMC 15600. PMID 9990105.
Jungers, W. L.; Pokempner, A. A.; Kay, R. F.; Cartmill, M. (2003). "Hypoglossal canal size in living hominoids and the evolution of human speech". Human Biology. 75 (4): 473–484. doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0057. PMID 14655872. S2CID 30777048.
Steels, L (1995). "A self-organizing spatial vocabulary". Artificial Life. 2 (3): 319–332. doi:10.1162/artl.1995.2.319. hdl:10261/127969. PMID 8925502.
Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves (April 2005). "The self-organization of speech sounds". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 233 (3): 435–449. arXiv:cs/0502086. Bibcode:2005JThBi.233..435O. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.10.025. PMID 15652151. S2CID 3252482.
Newman, A. J.; et al. (2002). "A Critical Period for Right Hemisphere Recruitment in American Sign Language Processing". Nature Neuroscience. 5 (1): 76–80. doi:10.1038/nn775. PMID 11753419. S2CID 2745545.
Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.
Hunley, K.; Bowern, C.; Healy, M. (1 February 2012). "Rejection of a serial founder effects model of genetic and linguistic coevolution". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1736): 2281–2288. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2296. PMC 3321699. PMID 22298843.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fitch, W.T.; Reby, D. (Aug 2001). "The descended larynx is not uniquely human". Proc Biol Sci. 268 (1477): 1669–75. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1704. PMC 1088793. PMID 11506679.
Weissengruber, G.E.; Forstenpointner, G.; Peters, G.; Kübber-Heiss, A.; Fitch, W.T. (Sep 2002). "Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyxjubatus) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus)". J Anat. 201 (3): 195–209. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x. PMC 1570911. PMID 12363272.
Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.
Nishimura, T.; Mikami, A.; Suzuki, J.; Matsuzawa, T. (Jun 2003). "Descent of the larynx in chimpanzee infants". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (12): 6930–3. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6930N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1231107100. PMC 165807. PMID 12775758.
Martínez I.; Rosa M.; Arsuaga J.L.; Jarabo P.; Quam R.; Lorenzo C.; Gracia A.; Carretero J.M.; Bermúdez de Castro J.M.; Carbonell E. (July 2004). "Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (27): 9976–81. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.9976M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403595101. PMC 454200. PMID 15213327.
Kay, R. F.; Cartmill, M.; Balow, M. (1998). "The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 95 (9): 5417–5419. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.5417K. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5417. PMC 20276. PMID 9560291.
DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, W. H.; Turner, S. P. (1999). "Hypoglossal canal size and hominid speech". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 96 (4): 1800–1804. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.1800D. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1800. PMC 15600. PMID 9990105.
Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.
Hunley, K.; Bowern, C.; Healy, M. (1 February 2012). "Rejection of a serial founder effects model of genetic and linguistic coevolution". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1736): 2281–2288. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2296. PMC 3321699. PMID 22298843.

npr.org

Jon Hamilton (14 March 2017). "Orangutan's Vocal Feats Hint At Deeper Roots of Human Speech". NPR.

ntu.edu.sg

blogs.ntu.edu.sg

"Gestural Theory | Gestures, Speech and Sign Language in Language Evolution". blogs.ntu.edu.sg. Retrieved 2019-03-25.

nytimes.com

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psu.edu

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