An alternative, description account is defended in Jaquet, François (2019). "Is Speciesism Wrong by Definition?". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 32 (3): 447–458. doi:10.1007/s10806-019-09784-1. S2CID195236790.
Horta, Oscar (1 February 2013), "Animals, Moral Status of", in Lafollette, Hugh (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Ethics, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, pp. wbiee156, doi:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee156, ISBN978-1-4051-8641-4
An alternative, description account is defended in Jaquet, François (2019). "Is Speciesism Wrong by Definition?". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 32 (3): 447–458. doi:10.1007/s10806-019-09784-1. S2CID195236790.