Otter (English Wikipedia)

"Otterhunting". Animal Cruelty Investigation Group/Animal Welfare Information Service. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

archive.today

"Spraint Analysis". archive.today. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2017.

britishpathe.com

"Otter Hunting AKA Otter Hunting Begins – British Pathé". britishpathe.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.

btinternet.co.uk

ottersite.btinternet.co.uk

"Spraint Analysis". archive.today. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2017.

doi.org

Koepfli KP, Deere KA, Slater GJ, et al. (2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biol. 6: 4–5. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614.
Geraads, Denis; Alemseged, Zeresenay; Bobe, René; Reed, Denné (2011). "Enhydriodon dikikae, sp. nov. (Carnivora: Mammalia), a gigantic otter from the Pliocene of Dikika, Lower Awash, Ethiopia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 447–453. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..447G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550356. S2CID 84797296.
Bininda-Emonds OR, Gittleman JL, Purvis A (1999). "Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)" (PDF). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 74 (2): 143–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.328.7194. doi:10.1017/S0006323199005307 (inactive 18 June 2025). PMID 10396181. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)
Pereira, E.; Salotti, M. (2000). "Cyrnolutra castiglionis, une nouvelle forme de loutre (Mustelidae, Lutrinae), dans un dépôt du Pléistocène moyen " Castiglione 3CG "(Oletta, Haute-Corse)". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 331 (1): 45–52. Bibcode:2000CRASE.331...45P. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(00)00212-3.
Mecozzi, B.; Iannucci, A.; et al. (2021). "Rediscovering Lutra lutra from Grotta Romanelli (southern Italy) in the framework of the puzzling evolutionary history of Eurasian otter". PalZ. 96: 161–174. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00553-y. hdl:2434/891052. S2CID 232224971.
Geraads, D.; Alemseged, Z.; et al. (2011). "Enhydriodon dikikae, sp. nov. (Carnivora: Mammalia), a gigantic otter from the Pliocene of Dikika, Lower Awash, Ethiopia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 447–453. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..447G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550356. S2CID 84797296.
Cherin, M.; Iurino, D. A.; Willemsen, G.; Carnevale, G. (2016). "A new otter from the Early Pleistocene of Pantalla (Italy), with remarks on the evolutionary history of Mediterranean Quaternary Lutrinae (Carnivora, Mustelidae)". Quaternary Science Reviews. 135: 92–102. Bibcode:2016QSRv..135...92C. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.008.
Morlo, M.; Nagel, D.; Bastl, K. (2020). "Evolution of the carnivoran (Carnivora, Mammalia) guild structure across the Middle/Upper Miocene boundary in Germany". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 553: 109801. Bibcode:2020PPP...55309801M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109801. S2CID 219451746.
Xiaoming Wang; et al. (2018). "A new otter of giant size, Siamogale melilutra sp. nov. (Lutrinae: Mustelidae: Carnivora), from the latest Miocene Shuitangba site in north-eastern Yunnan, south-western China, and a total-evidence phylogeny of lutrines". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16: 39–65. Bibcode:2018JSPal..16...39W. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1267666. S2CID 58892181. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
Kargopoulos, N.; Valenciano, A.; et al. (2021). "New early Late Miocene species of Vishnuonyx (Carnivora, Lutrinae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmeide, Bavaria, Germany". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (3): e1948858. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8858K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1948858. S2CID 240538139.
Salesa (2014). "A non-aquatic otter from the Late Miocene". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 169 (2): 448–482. doi:10.1111/zoj.12063.
Goldstein, Ellie J. C. (1 March 1992). "Bite Wounds and Infection". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (3): 633–640. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.3.633. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 1562653. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2022.

escholarship.org

Xiaoming Wang; et al. (2018). "A new otter of giant size, Siamogale melilutra sp. nov. (Lutrinae: Mustelidae: Carnivora), from the latest Miocene Shuitangba site in north-eastern Yunnan, south-western China, and a total-evidence phylogeny of lutrines". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16: 39–65. Bibcode:2018JSPal..16...39W. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1267666. S2CID 58892181. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2022.

etymonline.com

Harper, Douglas. "otter". Online Etymology Dictionary.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Mecozzi, B.; Iannucci, A.; et al. (2021). "Rediscovering Lutra lutra from Grotta Romanelli (southern Italy) in the framework of the puzzling evolutionary history of Eurasian otter". PalZ. 96: 161–174. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00553-y. hdl:2434/891052. S2CID 232224971.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Geraads, Denis; Alemseged, Zeresenay; Bobe, René; Reed, Denné (2011). "Enhydriodon dikikae, sp. nov. (Carnivora: Mammalia), a gigantic otter from the Pliocene of Dikika, Lower Awash, Ethiopia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 447–453. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..447G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550356. S2CID 84797296.
Pereira, E.; Salotti, M. (2000). "Cyrnolutra castiglionis, une nouvelle forme de loutre (Mustelidae, Lutrinae), dans un dépôt du Pléistocène moyen " Castiglione 3CG "(Oletta, Haute-Corse)". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 331 (1): 45–52. Bibcode:2000CRASE.331...45P. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(00)00212-3.
Geraads, D.; Alemseged, Z.; et al. (2011). "Enhydriodon dikikae, sp. nov. (Carnivora: Mammalia), a gigantic otter from the Pliocene of Dikika, Lower Awash, Ethiopia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 447–453. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..447G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550356. S2CID 84797296.
Cherin, M.; Iurino, D. A.; Willemsen, G.; Carnevale, G. (2016). "A new otter from the Early Pleistocene of Pantalla (Italy), with remarks on the evolutionary history of Mediterranean Quaternary Lutrinae (Carnivora, Mustelidae)". Quaternary Science Reviews. 135: 92–102. Bibcode:2016QSRv..135...92C. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.008.
Morlo, M.; Nagel, D.; Bastl, K. (2020). "Evolution of the carnivoran (Carnivora, Mammalia) guild structure across the Middle/Upper Miocene boundary in Germany". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 553: 109801. Bibcode:2020PPP...55309801M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109801. S2CID 219451746.
Xiaoming Wang; et al. (2018). "A new otter of giant size, Siamogale melilutra sp. nov. (Lutrinae: Mustelidae: Carnivora), from the latest Miocene Shuitangba site in north-eastern Yunnan, south-western China, and a total-evidence phylogeny of lutrines". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16: 39–65. Bibcode:2018JSPal..16...39W. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1267666. S2CID 58892181. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
Kargopoulos, N.; Valenciano, A.; et al. (2021). "New early Late Miocene species of Vishnuonyx (Carnivora, Lutrinae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmeide, Bavaria, Germany". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (3): e1948858. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8858K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1948858. S2CID 240538139.

iucnosgbull.org

Belanger, M (2011). "A review of violent or fatal otter attacks". IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 28 (1): 11–16.

jstor.org

A. Berta and G. S. Morgan (1985). "A new sea otter (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the late Miocene and early Pliocene (Hemphillian) of North America". Journal of Paleontology. 59 (4): 809–819. JSTOR 1304931.

mammal.org.uk

"Species: Otter". The Mammal Society. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.

mcla.edu

faculty.mcla.edu

"The Otter's Ransom". faculty.mcla.edu. Archived from the original on 9 September 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2007.

merriam-webster.com

"Otter". Merriam Webster's online dictionary. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 16 September 2009.

mocomi.com

Jataka Tales: The Otters and The Wolf https://mocomi.com/jataka-tales-the-otters-and-the-wolf/ Archived 30 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine

native-languages.org

"Native American Indian Otter Legends, Meaning and Symbolism from the Myths of Many Tribes". native-languages.org. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Koepfli KP, Deere KA, Slater GJ, et al. (2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biol. 6: 4–5. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614.
Bininda-Emonds OR, Gittleman JL, Purvis A (1999). "Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)" (PDF). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 74 (2): 143–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.328.7194. doi:10.1017/S0006323199005307 (inactive 18 June 2025). PMID 10396181. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)
Goldstein, Ellie J. C. (1 March 1992). "Bite Wounds and Infection". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (3): 633–640. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.3.633. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 1562653. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2022.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Koepfli KP, Deere KA, Slater GJ, et al. (2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biol. 6: 4–5. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614.

onekind.org

"Tool use in otters". OneKind. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.

otter-world.com

"Facts about otters". Otter World. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
"Otter hunting". Otter-World.com. 2009. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

otterspecialistgroup.org

Feeroz, M.M.; Begum, S.; Hasan, M. K. (2011). "Fishing with Otters: a Traditional Conservation Practice in Bangladesh". Proceedings of XIth International Otter Colloquium, IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 28A: 14–21. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2012.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Bininda-Emonds OR, Gittleman JL, Purvis A (1999). "Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)" (PDF). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 74 (2): 143–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.328.7194. doi:10.1017/S0006323199005307 (inactive 18 June 2025). PMID 10396181. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)
Masseti, M. (1995). "Quaternary biogeography of the Mustelidae family on the Mediterranean islands". Hystrix. 7 (1–2): 17–34. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.536.8847.

reuters.com

Lin, Chen (11 December 2021). "British man recounts attack by otters in Singapore gardens". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Geraads, Denis; Alemseged, Zeresenay; Bobe, René; Reed, Denné (2011). "Enhydriodon dikikae, sp. nov. (Carnivora: Mammalia), a gigantic otter from the Pliocene of Dikika, Lower Awash, Ethiopia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 447–453. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..447G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550356. S2CID 84797296.
Mecozzi, B.; Iannucci, A.; et al. (2021). "Rediscovering Lutra lutra from Grotta Romanelli (southern Italy) in the framework of the puzzling evolutionary history of Eurasian otter". PalZ. 96: 161–174. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00553-y. hdl:2434/891052. S2CID 232224971.
Geraads, D.; Alemseged, Z.; et al. (2011). "Enhydriodon dikikae, sp. nov. (Carnivora: Mammalia), a gigantic otter from the Pliocene of Dikika, Lower Awash, Ethiopia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 447–453. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..447G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550356. S2CID 84797296.
Morlo, M.; Nagel, D.; Bastl, K. (2020). "Evolution of the carnivoran (Carnivora, Mammalia) guild structure across the Middle/Upper Miocene boundary in Germany". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 553: 109801. Bibcode:2020PPP...55309801M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109801. S2CID 219451746.
Xiaoming Wang; et al. (2018). "A new otter of giant size, Siamogale melilutra sp. nov. (Lutrinae: Mustelidae: Carnivora), from the latest Miocene Shuitangba site in north-eastern Yunnan, south-western China, and a total-evidence phylogeny of lutrines". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16: 39–65. Bibcode:2018JSPal..16...39W. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1267666. S2CID 58892181. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
Kargopoulos, N.; Valenciano, A.; et al. (2021). "New early Late Miocene species of Vishnuonyx (Carnivora, Lutrinae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmeide, Bavaria, Germany". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (3): e1948858. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8858K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1948858. S2CID 240538139.

symbolismandmetaphor.com

"Otter Symbolism (6 Meanings) - As Spirit Animals & in Dreams". 12 December 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2023.

traffic.org

"Otters feel the heat in Southeast Asia". Traffic (conservation programme). 9 December 2009. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2014.

uni-oldenburg.de

molekularesystematik.uni-oldenburg.de

Bininda-Emonds OR, Gittleman JL, Purvis A (1999). "Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)" (PDF). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 74 (2): 143–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.328.7194. doi:10.1017/S0006323199005307 (inactive 18 June 2025). PMID 10396181. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)

uoa.gr

hellenjgeosci.geol.uoa.gr

Gerard F. Willemsen (2006). "Megalenhydris and its relationship to Lutra reconsidered" (PDF). Hellenic Journal of Geosciences. 41: 83–87. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2010.

web.archive.org

Switek, Brian. "The Bear Otter". Wired. Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
"Otter". Merriam Webster's online dictionary. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 16 September 2009.
"Species: Otter". The Mammal Society. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
"Facts about otters". Otter World. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
"Tool use in otters". OneKind. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
Bininda-Emonds OR, Gittleman JL, Purvis A (1999). "Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)" (PDF). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 74 (2): 143–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.328.7194. doi:10.1017/S0006323199005307 (inactive 18 June 2025). PMID 10396181. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)
Gerard F. Willemsen (2006). "Megalenhydris and its relationship to Lutra reconsidered" (PDF). Hellenic Journal of Geosciences. 41: 83–87. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2010.
Xiaoming Wang; et al. (2018). "A new otter of giant size, Siamogale melilutra sp. nov. (Lutrinae: Mustelidae: Carnivora), from the latest Miocene Shuitangba site in north-eastern Yunnan, south-western China, and a total-evidence phylogeny of lutrines". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16: 39–65. Bibcode:2018JSPal..16...39W. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1267666. S2CID 58892181. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
"Otter hunting". Otter-World.com. 2009. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
"Otter Hunting AKA Otter Hunting Begins – British Pathé". britishpathe.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
"Otterhunting". Animal Cruelty Investigation Group/Animal Welfare Information Service. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
"Otters feel the heat in Southeast Asia". Traffic (conservation programme). 9 December 2009. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
Feeroz, M.M.; Begum, S.; Hasan, M. K. (2011). "Fishing with Otters: a Traditional Conservation Practice in Bangladesh". Proceedings of XIth International Otter Colloquium, IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 28A: 14–21. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Goldstein, Ellie J. C. (1 March 1992). "Bite Wounds and Infection". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (3): 633–640. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.3.633. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 1562653. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Lin, Chen (11 December 2021). "British man recounts attack by otters in Singapore gardens". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
"The Otter's Ransom". faculty.mcla.edu. Archived from the original on 9 September 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
"Native American Indian Otter Legends, Meaning and Symbolism from the Myths of Many Tribes". native-languages.org. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Jataka Tales: The Otters and The Wolf https://mocomi.com/jataka-tales-the-otters-and-the-wolf/ Archived 30 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine

wired.com

Switek, Brian. "The Bear Otter". Wired. Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2017.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Goldstein, Ellie J. C. (1 March 1992). "Bite Wounds and Infection". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (3): 633–640. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.3.633. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 1562653. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2022.