Otto von Bismarck (English Wikipedia)

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George Hesekiel: Das Buch vom Fürsten Bismarck. Bielefeld und Leipzig 1873, p. 55. Archived 7 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Lowe, Charles (2005). Prince Bismarck: An Historical Biography With Two Portraits. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 538–540. ISBN 978-1-4191-8003-3. Archived from the original on 25 October 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015. French he speaks with the purity and fluency almost of a native, and the same may be said of his English. [...] Not so fluent is the Chancellor's Italian as his French, but yet he can read the journals of Rome. [...] Once, too, he boasted that he was 'about the only man in the Foreign Office who understands Russian'—a language which he [...] acquired during his residence at St. Petersburg. [...] And not only did he master Russian, but he also learned Polish to a degree enabling him to make himself understood.
Field 1898, pp. 603–04. Field, W. G. (October 1898). "Bismarck's First School". The Journal of Education. 20: 603–604. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
Steinberg, Jonathan (2011). Bismarck: A Life. Oxford University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-19-978252-9. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
Howard 1991, p. 40. Howard, Michael (1991) [1961]. The Franco-Prussian War: The German invasion of France, 1870–1871 (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26671-0. Archived from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
Stern, Fritz (2013). Gold and Iron. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-307-82986-3. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
Shirley, Michael H.; Larson, Todd E. A., eds. (2016). Splendidly Victorian: Essays in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century British History in Honour of Walter L. Arnstein. Routledge. pp. 146ff. ISBN 978-1-317-24327-4. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
Mitchell, Allan (2018). The German Influence in France after 1870: The Formation of the French Republic. UNC Press Books. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-4696-2292-7. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
See also Ullrich, Volker (2015). Bismarck. Haus. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-910376-24-9. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2018. and Clark, Christopher M. (2006). Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947. Harvard University Press. p. 553. ISBN 978-0-674-02385-7.
Ludwig 1927a, p. 73. Ludwig, Emil (1927). Wilhelm Hohenzollern: The last of the Kaisers. Trans. Ethel Colburn Mayne. New York: Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 978-0-7661-4341-8.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Kersbergen, Kees van; Vis, Barbara (2013). Comparative Welfare State Politics: Development, Opportunities, and Reform. Cambridge UP. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-107-65247-7. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
Leichter, Howard M. (1979). A comparative approach to policy analysis: health care policy in four nations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-521-22648-6. The Sickness Insurance Law (1883). Eligibility. The Sickness Insurance Law came into effect in December 1884. It provided for compulsory participation by all industrial wage earners (i.e., manual labourers) in factories, ironworks, mines, shipbuilding yards, and similar workplaces.
Hennock, Ernest Peter (2007). The origin of the welfare state in England and Germany, 1850–1914: social policies compared. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-521-59212-3.
Rich, Norman (1965). Friedrich von Holstein: politics and diplomacy in the era of Bismarck and Wilhelm II. Vol. 1. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 279–283. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2020. shows that Friedrich von Holstein was a key player
Mqarcus, Benjamin et al. (eds.) (1910) "Bismarck=Schǎusen, Otto Eduard Leopold" Archived 17 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Appleton's new practical cyclopedia p. 281
Lerman, Katharine (2014). Bismarck. Routledge. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-317-90062-7. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Egerton, George W. (1994). Political Memoir: Essays on the Politics of Memory. Psychology Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7146-3471-5. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
Steinberg, 2011, pp. 184–185 online Archived 17 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine
"Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt, Dessau, 1867, p. 20, archived from the original on 7 June 2020, retrieved 7 June 2020{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German). Munich: Königl. Oberpostamt. 1867. p. 11. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
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Cibrario, Luigi (1869). Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri (in Italian). Eredi Botta. p. 121. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2019.

britannica.com

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cesifo-group.de

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Stone, James (1994). "Bismarck and the Containment of France, 1873–1877". Canadian Journal of History. 29 (2): 281–304. doi:10.3138/cjh.29.2.281. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014.
Stone, James (2015). "Bismarck and the Great Game: Germany and Anglo-Russian Rivalry in Central Asia, 1871–1890". Central European History. 48 (2): 151–175. doi:10.1017/s0008938915000321. S2CID 146241990.
Wehler 1970, pp. 119–55. Wehler, Hans-Ulrich (1970). "Bismarck's Imperialism 1862–1890". Past and Present (48): 119–155. doi:10.1093/past/48.1.119. JSTOR 650484.
Firth, S. G. (1972). "The New Guinea Company, 1885–1899: A case of unprofitable imperialism". Historical Studies. 15 (59): 361–377. doi:10.1080/10314617208595478.
Case, Holly (November 2016). "THE "SOCIAL QUESTION," 1820–1920*". Modern Intellectual History. 13 (3): 747–775. doi:10.1017/S1479244315000037. ISSN 1479-2443. S2CID 143077444.
Khoudour-Castéras, David (2008). "Welfare State and Labor Mobility: The Impact of Bismarck's Social Legislation on German Emigration Before World War I". Journal of Economic History. 68 (1): 211–243. doi:10.1017/s0022050708000077. S2CID 20716760.
Bauernschuster, Stefan; Driva, Anastasia; Hornung, Erik (2019). "Bismarck's Health Insurance and the Mortality Decline" (PDF). Journal of the European Economic Association. 18 (5): 2561–2607. doi:10.1093/jeea/jvz052. S2CID 8464915. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
Weitz, E. D. (2013). "Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011)". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 27 (1): 156–159. doi:10.1093/hgs/dct017.
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Henry A. Kissinger, "The White Revolutionary: Reflections on Bismarck" Daedalus 978#3 (1968) pp. 888-924 online Archived 24 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine

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See Stephen Tonge and Marjorie Bloy, "Bismarck's Foreign Policy 1871-1890" (2016) Archived 18 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine

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Wehler 1970, pp. 119–55. Wehler, Hans-Ulrich (1970). "Bismarck's Imperialism 1862–1890". Past and Present (48): 119–155. doi:10.1093/past/48.1.119. JSTOR 650484.

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Case, Holly (November 2016). "THE "SOCIAL QUESTION," 1820–1920*". Modern Intellectual History. 13 (3): 747–775. doi:10.1017/S1479244315000037. ISSN 1479-2443. S2CID 143077444.
Khoudour-Castéras, David (2008). "Welfare State and Labor Mobility: The Impact of Bismarck's Social Legislation on German Emigration Before World War I". Journal of Economic History. 68 (1): 211–243. doi:10.1017/s0022050708000077. S2CID 20716760.
Bauernschuster, Stefan; Driva, Anastasia; Hornung, Erik (2019). "Bismarck's Health Insurance and the Mortality Decline" (PDF). Journal of the European Economic Association. 18 (5): 2561–2607. doi:10.1093/jeea/jvz052. S2CID 8464915. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2019.

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Stone, James (1994). "Bismarck and the Containment of France, 1873–1877". Canadian Journal of History. 29 (2): 281–304. doi:10.3138/cjh.29.2.281. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014.

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Crankshaw 1981, pp. 294–296. Crankshaw, Edward (1981). Bismarck. The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-16982-5.;
- Quoted in Crankshaw 1981, pp. 308–09 Crankshaw, Edward (1981). Bismarck. The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-16982-5.;
  - Crankshaw 1981, p. 149. Crankshaw, Edward (1981). Bismarck. The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-16982-5.;
    - Crankshaw 1981, pp. 395–97. Crankshaw, Edward (1981). Bismarck. The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-16982-5.;

web.archive.org

George Hesekiel: Das Buch vom Fürsten Bismarck. Bielefeld und Leipzig 1873, p. 55. Archived 7 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Lowe, Charles (2005). Prince Bismarck: An Historical Biography With Two Portraits. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 538–540. ISBN 978-1-4191-8003-3. Archived from the original on 25 October 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015. French he speaks with the purity and fluency almost of a native, and the same may be said of his English. [...] Not so fluent is the Chancellor's Italian as his French, but yet he can read the journals of Rome. [...] Once, too, he boasted that he was 'about the only man in the Foreign Office who understands Russian'—a language which he [...] acquired during his residence at St. Petersburg. [...] And not only did he master Russian, but he also learned Polish to a degree enabling him to make himself understood.
Steinberg, Jonathan (2011). Bismarck: A Life. Oxford University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-19-978252-9. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
"1864". Oxford Public International Law. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
Staff (May 10, 1866) "Ueber das Attentat auf den Grafen Bismarck" Archived 27 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine Wiener Morgen-Post (Vienna) p. 1
"Bismarck". ssqq.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
Howard 1991, p. 40. Howard, Michael (1991) [1961]. The Franco-Prussian War: The German invasion of France, 1870–1871 (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26671-0. Archived from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
Cowen, Rob (31 January 2012). "Restored Edison Records Revive Giants of 19th-Century Germany". The New York Times. p. D3. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Crankshaw 1981, pp. 294–296. Crankshaw, Edward (1981). Bismarck. The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-16982-5.;
- Stern, Fritz (2013). Gold and Iron. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-307-82986-3. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
- Stone, James (1994). "Bismarck and the Containment of France, 1873–1877". Canadian Journal of History. 29 (2): 281–304. doi:10.3138/cjh.29.2.281. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014.
- Quoted in Crankshaw 1981, pp. 308–09 Crankshaw, Edward (1981). Bismarck. The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-16982-5.;
  - Crankshaw 1981, p. 149. Crankshaw, Edward (1981). Bismarck. The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-16982-5.;
    - Alfred Vagts, "Land and Sea Power in the Second German Reich." Journal of Military History 3.4 (1939): 210+ online Archived 16 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine
    - Mark Hewitson, "Germany and France before the First World War: A Reassessment of Wilhelmine Foreign Policy" English Historical Review (2000) 115#462 pp. 570-606 in JSTOR Archived 17 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine
    - W. N. Medlicott, "Bismarck and the Three Emperors' Alliance, 1881–1887", Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Vol. 27 (1945), pp. 61-83 online Archived 19 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
    - Shirley, Michael H.; Larson, Todd E. A., eds. (2016). Splendidly Victorian: Essays in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century British History in Honour of Walter L. Arnstein. Routledge. pp. 146ff. ISBN 978-1-317-24327-4. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
    - W. N. Medlicott, "Bismarck and the Three Emperors' Alliance, 1881-87", Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Vol. 27 (1945), pp. 61–83 online Archived 19 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
    - Mitchell, Allan (2018). The German Influence in France after 1870: The Formation of the French Republic. UNC Press Books. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-4696-2292-7. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
    - See also Ullrich, Volker (2015). Bismarck. Haus. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-910376-24-9. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2018. and Clark, Christopher M. (2006). Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947. Harvard University Press. p. 553. ISBN 978-0-674-02385-7.
    - Crankshaw 1981, pp. 395–97. Crankshaw, Edward (1981). Bismarck. The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-16982-5.;
      - Kersbergen, Kees van; Vis, Barbara (2013). Comparative Welfare State Politics: Development, Opportunities, and Reform. Cambridge UP. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-107-65247-7. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
      - Bauernschuster, Stefan; Driva, Anastasia; Hornung, Erik (2019). "Bismarck's Health Insurance and the Mortality Decline" (PDF). Journal of the European Economic Association. 18 (5): 2561–2607. doi:10.1093/jeea/jvz052. S2CID 8464915. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
      - E. P. Hennock, "Social Policy in the Bismarck Era: A Progress Report", German History, (June 2003) 21#2 pp. 229–238 online.
      - Rich, Norman (1965). Friedrich von Holstein: politics and diplomacy in the era of Bismarck and Wilhelm II. Vol. 1. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 279–283. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2020. shows that Friedrich von Holstein was a key player
      - Mqarcus, Benjamin et al. (eds.) (1910) "Bismarck=Schǎusen, Otto Eduard Leopold" Archived 17 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Appleton's new practical cyclopedia p. 281
      - Lerman, Katharine (2014). Bismarck. Routledge. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-317-90062-7. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
      - Egerton, George W. (1994). Political Memoir: Essays on the Politics of Memory. Psychology Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7146-3471-5. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
      - "Issues Relevant to U.S. Foreign Diplomacy: Unification of German States". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
      - See Stephen Tonge and Marjorie Bloy, "Bismarck's Foreign Policy 1871-1890" (2016) Archived 18 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine
      - Henry A. Kissinger, "The White Revolutionary: Reflections on Bismarck" Daedalus 978#3 (1968) pp. 888-924 online Archived 24 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine
      - Steinberg, 2011, pp. 184–185 online Archived 17 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine
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      - "Catalogue of place names in northern East Greenland". Geological Survey of Denmark. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
      - A Veteran Diplomat (27 September 1908). "The "Mediatized" – or the "High Nobility" of Europe; Consisting of Something Like Fifty families Which Enjoyed Petty Sovereignty Before the Holy Roman Empire's Overthrow, They Still Exercise Certain Special Privileges Mixed with Unusual Restrictions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
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      - Lehmann, Gustaf (1913). Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913 [The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite] (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn. p. 559. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
      - "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt, Dessau, 1867, p. 20, archived from the original on 7 June 2020, retrieved 7 June 2020{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

German: Otto, Fürst von Bismarck, Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Herzog zu Lauenburg, pronounced [ˈɔtoː fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] ^ⓘ

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da.wikipedia.org

Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1880) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1880 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1880] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019 – via da:DIS Danmark.

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Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bismarck Archipelago" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 9.

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Case, Holly (November 2016). "THE "SOCIAL QUESTION," 1820–1920*". Modern Intellectual History. 13 (3): 747–775. doi:10.1017/S1479244315000037. ISSN 1479-2443. S2CID 143077444.