Oulu (English Wikipedia)

BBC, "The cycle-mad city in Finland that doesn't stop for snow", (Video, 2 min.)
Laurel Ives. (20 December 2023). "How Oulu became the winter cycling capital of the world". BBC website Retrieved 25 December 2023.

books.google.com

Learn Finnish – Level 5: Advanced: Volume 1: Lessons 1–25 (in Finnish). Innovative Language Learning.

bursa.bel.tr

"Kardeş Şehirler". Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez. Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Archived from the original on 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2013-07-27.

doria.fi

"Suomen tilastollinen vuosikirja 1940" (PDF) (in Finnish). Tilastollinen päätoimisto. 1941. Retrieved 5 January 2024.

euronews.com

Sara Lilja Steensig (January 25, 2021). "Meet the bike-loving Finnish city that keeps pedalling even in the snow". Euronews. Retrieved December 21, 2023.Anders Swanson (12 February 2016). "Ice cycles: the northerly world cities leading the winter bicycle revolution". The Guardian. Retrieved December 21, 2023.

finland.fi

"Finnish industry: Constantly adapting to a changing world". This is Finland. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

finna.fi

Fält, Olavi K.; Juvani, Pertti; Kenttä, Risto; Julku, Kyösti; Paavola, Kirsti; Vahtola, Jouko; Satokangas, Reija; Mäkelä, Riitta; Siuruainen, Eino, eds. (1987). Valkean kaupungin vaiheet: Oulun historiaa. Studia historica septentrionalia. Rovaniemi: Pohjois-Suomen historiallinen yhdistys. ISBN 978-951-95473-4-3.
Virkkunen, A. H., ed. (1953). Oulun kaupungin historia. 1: kaupungin alkuajoilta Isonvihan loppuun (2. p ed.). Oulu: Kirjola.
Korhonen, Markus H.; Niskala, Kaarina; Siliämaa, Marianne (2006). J. V. Snellman - pienenä Oulussa, suurena historiassa: Johan Vilhelm Snellman 12.5.1806 - 4.7.1881. Oulun kaupunki. Oulu: Oulun kaupungin opetusvirasto, Snellman-työryhmä. ISBN 978-952-5465-24-2.

geoview.info

fi.geoview.info

Kempeleenlahti Bay, Oulu, Finland

helsinki.fi

helda.helsinki.fi

"DSpace" (PDF). helda.helsinki.fi. Retrieved 2025-05-04.

helsinkitimes.fi

"What makes Oulu a high tech hub in the north?". Helsinki Times. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
Aleksi Teivainen (6 December 2018). "Police: 10 people suspected of sex crimes against minors in Oulu". Helsinki Times. Retrieved 31 January 2019. Prime Minister Juha Sipilä (Centre) on Wednesday issued an official statement on the much-discussed case, saying the events have shocked many, for a good reason. "Sex crimes against children are inhumane acts of incomprehensible evil," he stated

highnorthnews.com

Oulu in Northern Finland selected as European Capital of Culture for 2026 – High North News

ilmatieteenlaitos.fi

"FMI normals 1991–2020". FMI. Retrieved 14 October 2021.

insideclimatenews.org

Hockenos, Paul (2020-02-24). "Solar Power Just Miles from the Arctic Circle? In Icy Nordic Climes, It's Become the Norm". InsideClimate News. Retrieved 2020-02-26.

is.fi

IS: Vieraille lauttamatka on osa Hailuodon idylliä (in Finnish)

kapsi.fi

suja.kapsi.fi

"FMI open data". FMI. Retrieved 7 September 2019.

kotus.fi

kaino.kotus.fi

"Oulu-nimen etymologia". Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus. Retrieved 2011-09-16.

maanmittauslaitos.fi

"Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.

merriam-webster.com

"Oulu". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

mtvuutiset.fi

Lestadiolaiset pitävät Pohjois-Pohjanmaan väkiluvun kasvussa – MTVuutiset (in Finnish)

oamk.fi

"Bachelor of Engineering, Information Technology – OAMK". Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2021-07-01.

opintopolku.fi

Tietotekniikka, Tietotekniikan tutkinto-ohjelma, tekniikan kandidaatti ja diplomi-insinööri (3v + 2v) – Opintopolku Archived 2015-08-11 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)

ouka.fi

"Aikajana | Kaupungin historia | Oulun kaupunki". www.ouka.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-06-09.
"Oulun historia". Oulu 1700-luku. Archived from the original on 11 February 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
Kempeleenlahden suojelualue (in Finnish)
"Uusi Oulu" [New Oulu] (in Finnish). Oulu: City of Oulu. 9 September 2011. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
"Ystävyyskaupungit (Twin Cities)". Oulun kaupunki (City of Oulu) (in Finnish). Retrieved 2013-07-27.
"Partneri- ja kummikaupungit (Partnership and twinning cities)". Oulun kaupunki (City of Oulu) (in Finnish). Retrieved 2013-07-27.

oulu.ouka.fi

"Oolannin sota Oulussa". Niilo Naakan tarinat (in Finnish). Pohjois-Pohjanmaan museo. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
"Business and industry" (PDF). Information about Oulu. Oulu: City of Oulu. 2012-01-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-26. Retrieved 27 June 2012.

oulu2026.eu

"Oulu: the world's tar capital". Oulu Culture Foundation. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

oulunliikekeskus.fi

"Oulun Liikekeskus – Parking". Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-09.

pl.tl

dlprezes.pl.tl

"World Championship". Metal Speedway. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

sito.fi

"Kivisydän parking facility in Oulu". Oulunliikekeskus.fi. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 24 December 2017.

speedway.org

"World Championship". Speedway.org. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

speedwaysanomat.fi

"Track locations". Speedway Sanomat. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

spsu.fi

"Språkstrategi – Svenska Privatskolan i Uleåborg" (in Swedish). Retrieved 2020-08-22.

stat.fi

"Finland's preliminary population figure was 5,640,437 at the end of March 2025". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2025-04-25. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2025-04-25.
"Number of foreign-language speakers exceeded 600,000 during 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2025-04-04. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
"Number of foreign-language speakers grew by nearly 38,000 persons". Statistics Finland. 31 May 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
"Number of foreign-language speakers exceeded 600,000 during 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2025-04-04. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
"Persons with foreign background". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2023.

pxnet2.stat.fi

"Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.

pxdata.stat.fi

Key figures on population by region, 1990-2023 Statistics Finland

taloustutkimus.fi

"Kuntien imagotutkimus 2007" (in Finnish). July 11, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2020.^{[permanent dead link]}

tengrinews.kz

en.tengrinews.kz

"Astana and Finnish Oulu become twin-cities". Tengrinews.kz. 19 April 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2017.

theguardian.com

Sara Lilja Steensig (January 25, 2021). "Meet the bike-loving Finnish city that keeps pedalling even in the snow". Euronews. Retrieved December 21, 2023.Anders Swanson (12 February 2016). "Ice cycles: the northerly world cities leading the winter bicycle revolution". The Guardian. Retrieved December 21, 2023.

tilastokeskus.fi

Tarkoma, Jari (2008-01-15). "Taajamissa asuu 84 prosenttia väestöstä". Tiedote (in Finnish). Statistics Finland (Tilastokeskus). Retrieved 11 February 2013.

timeanddate.com

"Sunrise and sunset times in Oulu". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2022-03-12.

topuniversities.com

"QS World University Rankings for Computer Science and Information Systems 2022".

umanitoba.ca

mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca

Jeffrey Pratte, "Mainstreaming Bicycling in Winter Cities: The case of Oulu, Finland", Masters thesis, University of Manitoba (Canada), 2011. P. 99-100

vero.fi

"Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

vimeo.com

Anders Swanson, "Winter Cycling for Everyone", (Video, 21:30 min.), Vimeo, 2013

visitfinland.com

fcb.visitfinland.com

"Discover Oulu". Finland Convention Bureau. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

visitoulu.fi

"Oulu – Capital of Northern Scandinavia". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2021-06-03.

weather2travel.com

"Oulu climate guide". Weather 2 Travel. Retrieved 13 May 2022.

weatherbase.com

"Oulu, Finland Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2019-03-03.

web.archive.org

"Oulu – Capital of Northern Scandinavia". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
"Bachelor of Engineering, Information Technology – OAMK". Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
Oulu Innovation Alliance
Tietotekniikka, Tietotekniikan tutkinto-ohjelma, tekniikan kandidaatti ja diplomi-insinööri (3v + 2v) – Opintopolku Archived 2015-08-11 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
"Oulun historia". Oulu 1700-luku. Archived from the original on 11 February 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
"Uusi Oulu" [New Oulu] (in Finnish). Oulu: City of Oulu. 9 September 2011. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
"Persons with foreign background". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
"Business and industry" (PDF). Information about Oulu. Oulu: City of Oulu. 2012-01-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-26. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
"Oulun Liikekeskus – Parking". Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
"Kivisydän parking facility in Oulu". Oulunliikekeskus.fi. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
"Vennskapsbyer" (in Norwegian). Alta kommune. Archived from the original on 2016-09-02. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
"Kardeş Şehirler". Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez. Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Archived from the original on 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2013-07-27.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

"Finland's preliminary population figure was 5,640,437 at the end of March 2025". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2025-04-25. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2025-04-25.
"Number of foreign-language speakers exceeded 600,000 during 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2025-04-04. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
"Number of foreign-language speakers exceeded 600,000 during 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2025-04-04. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2025-04-07.

yle.fi

Hurme, Anu (29 March 2023). "Tampere listattiin jo kolmatta kertaa Suomen vetovoimaisimmaksi kaupungiksi – muista suurista kaupungeista vain Oulu paransi tulostaan" [Tampere was listed as the most attractive city in Finland for the third time – of the other big cities, only Oulu improved its result]. Yle (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 March 2023.
YLE: Oulu on Euroopan kulttuuripääkaupunki 2026 (in Finnish)
"Oulun valtaus oli valkoisten ensimmäinen iso voitto sisällissodassa – taistelussa ammuttiin Suomen tykistön ensimmäiset laukaukset". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 2018-02-02. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
Lestadiolaisyrittäjä hyötyy uskonyhteisön verkostoista – Taloushyödyt houkuttavat jäämään, vaikka vakaumus olisi jo mennyt – YLE (in Finnish)