Brovald, Ken C. (1999). Silent Towns on the Prairie: North Dakota's Disappearing Towns and Farms. Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co. pp. 79–80. ISBN1-57510-048-7. OCLC41545361.
Williams, Mary Ann (Barnes) (1966). Origins of North Dakota place names. Bismarck, North Dakota: Bismarck tribune, 1966. OCLC431626.