PAL (English Wikipedia)

Iazbec; Soria; Tulli; Gonzalez (1999). Estudio de las tecnicas de transcodificacion de señales de television PAL-B / PAL-N (in Spanish). Vol. 10. Centro de Informacion Tecnologica. pp. 341–349. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
Michael Hegarty; Anne Phelan; Lisa Kilbride (1 January 1998). Classrooms for Distance Teaching and Learning: A Blueprint. Leuven University Press. pp. 260–. ISBN 978-90-6186-867-5. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2015.

buizenradioclub.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Loewe-Farbfernseher S 920 & F 900 PAL TV advert". buizenradioclub.nl. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2022.

camerasunderwater.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tech Notes: Colour TV". 16 July 2007. Archived from the original on 16 July 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2022.

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

"English translation of 'Bruch'". Collins German to English Dictionary. 12 April 2024.
"English translation of 'Bruch'". Collins German to English Dictionary.

detik.com (Global: 563^rd place; English: 920^th place)

"Siaran TV Analog Disetop di Seluruh RI 12 Agustus 2023". detik.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.

dvb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Egypt to launch DVB-T2 within weeks". DVB. 24 April 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2026.

dvd-replica.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"PGC categories – Countries using PAL standard". dvd-replica.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009.
"PGC categories – Countries using SECAM standard". 23 February 2009. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009.
"PGC categories – Countries using NTSC standard". 22 April 2009. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009.

ebha.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

""The CCIR, the standards and the TV sets' market in France" (section III.1)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2017.

ebu.ch (Global: 5,698^th place; English: 5,387^th place)

tech.ebu.ch

"Changes to the terrestrial television systems in Central and East European countries" (PDF). EBU. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

eur-lex.europa.eu

"EUR-Lex – 31993D0424 – EN". Official Journal L 196. 5 August 1993. pp. 48–54.

firenzemedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"La guerra della tv a colori". 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2025.

fluke.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

assets.fluke.com

"Fluke PM5420 Application Note PALplus" (PDF). assets.fluke.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

freeserve.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

pembers.freeserve.co.uk

"Horizontal Blanking Interval of 405-, 525-, 625- and 819-Line Standards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2009. 090426 pembers.freeserve.co.uk
"Vertical Blanking Interval of 625-Line Standard (PAL Colour)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.

gov.pl (Global: 1,305^th place; English: 4,335^th place)

"Zmiana standardu nadawania kanałów TVP na DVB-T2/HEVC - Nowa telewizja cyfrowa (DVB-T2) - Portal Gov.pl". Nowa telewizja cyfrowa (DVB-T2) (in Polish). Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.

grassvalley.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

wwwapps.grassvalley.com

LDK 5400 Triax Adapter Technical Manual (PDF). Thomson Multimedia Broadcast Solutions. 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.

ipl.pt (Global: low place; English: low place)

deetc.isel.ipl.pt

"NTSC, PAL, and SECAM Overview" (PDF). p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2009.

itu.int (Global: 1,487^th place; English: 1,305^th place)

The standard that defines the PAL system was last published by the International Telecommunication Union in 1998 and has the title Recommendation ITU-R BT.470, Conventional Television Systems Archived 20 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine
"Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-6 - Conventional Television Systems" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
"Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-6 - Conventional Television Systems, p.16" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-6 - Conventional Television Systems (PDF). ITU Radiocommunication Assembly. 1998. pp. 29–34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

nintendolife.com (Global: 799^th place; English: 465^th place)

"The Virtual Console's PAL Problem". 15 April 2010. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

nkom.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

"TV og radio". 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2023.

oiv.hr (Global: low place; English: low place)

gledajbezbrige.oiv.hr

"Prijelaz na DVB-T2 TV signal s HEVC (H.265) sažimanjem | OIV digitalni signali i mreže". gledajbezbrige.oiv.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.

pagine70.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"La tv a colori in Italia - Televisione anni 70". 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2025.

palermo.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"La TV se muda" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.

radiomuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"45 Years Anniversary of Walter Bruch's PAL Color Television". radiomuseum.org. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
"Telefunken PALcolour 708 TV advert". www.radiomuseum.org. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.

radios-tv.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Walter Bruch; PAL Television". 7 December 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2021. In 1950s, when Telefunken commissioned Bruch to invent an automated differential phase correction for color television. That's why he was awarded.
"Walter Bruch; PAL Television". 7 December 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2021. In 1950s, when Telefunken commissioned Bruch to invent an automated differential phase correction for color television. That's why he was awarded.

scihi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Walter Bruch and the PAL Color Television System". 2 March 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. In 1963, when he gave a public presentation of the Phase Alternation Line to a group of experts from the European Broadcasting Union in Hannover
"Walter Bruch and the PAL Color Television System". 2 March 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. In 1963, when he gave a public presentation of the Phase Alternation Line to a group of experts from the European Broadcasting Union in Hannover

tdm.com.mo (Global: 8,990^th place; English: low place)

"TDM to switch off analogue television transmission system". TDM. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.

videoconverterfactory.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What Is a NTSC Format DVD? How Can I Play a NTSC DVD in the UK Without Restriction?". videoconverterfactory.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Walter Bruch and the PAL Color Television System". 2 March 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. In 1963, when he gave a public presentation of the Phase Alternation Line to a group of experts from the European Broadcasting Union in Hannover
"Walter Bruch; PAL Television". 7 December 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2021. In 1950s, when Telefunken commissioned Bruch to invent an automated differential phase correction for color television. That's why he was awarded.
"45 Years Anniversary of Walter Bruch's PAL Color Television". radiomuseum.org. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
"PGC categories – Countries using PAL standard". dvd-replica.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009.
"PGC categories – Countries using SECAM standard". 23 February 2009. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009.
"PGC categories – Countries using NTSC standard". 22 April 2009. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009.
"Walter Bruch and the PAL Color Television System". 2 March 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. In 1963, when he gave a public presentation of the Phase Alternation Line to a group of experts from the European Broadcasting Union in Hannover
"Walter Bruch; PAL Television". 7 December 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2021. In 1950s, when Telefunken commissioned Bruch to invent an automated differential phase correction for color television. That's why he was awarded.
The standard that defines the PAL system was last published by the International Telecommunication Union in 1998 and has the title Recommendation ITU-R BT.470, Conventional Television Systems Archived 20 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine
"Telefunken PALcolour 708 TV advert". www.radiomuseum.org. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
"Loewe-Farbfernseher S 920 & F 900 PAL TV advert". buizenradioclub.nl. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
"La guerra della tv a colori". 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
"La tv a colori in Italia - Televisione anni 70". 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
"Fluke PM5420 Application Note PALplus" (PDF). assets.fluke.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
"What Is a NTSC Format DVD? How Can I Play a NTSC DVD in the UK Without Restriction?". videoconverterfactory.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
"Tech Notes: Colour TV". 16 July 2007. Archived from the original on 16 July 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
"Horizontal Blanking Interval of 405-, 525-, 625- and 819-Line Standards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2009. 090426 pembers.freeserve.co.uk
"NTSC, PAL, and SECAM Overview" (PDF). p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
LDK 5400 Triax Adapter Technical Manual (PDF). Thomson Multimedia Broadcast Solutions. 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
"Vertical Blanking Interval of 625-Line Standard (PAL Colour)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
"Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-6 - Conventional Television Systems" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
"Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-6 - Conventional Television Systems, p.16" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
"Changes to the terrestrial television systems in Central and East European countries" (PDF). EBU. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
"La TV se muda" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
Iazbec; Soria; Tulli; Gonzalez (1999). Estudio de las tecnicas de transcodificacion de señales de television PAL-B / PAL-N (in Spanish). Vol. 10. Centro de Informacion Tecnologica. pp. 341–349. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
"The Virtual Console's PAL Problem". 15 April 2010. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
"Playback of NTSC Videos on PAL Equipment". Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
""The CCIR, the standards and the TV sets' market in France" (section III.1)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-6 - Conventional Television Systems (PDF). ITU Radiocommunication Assembly. 1998. pp. 29–34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
Michael Hegarty; Anne Phelan; Lisa Kilbride (1 January 1998). Classrooms for Distance Teaching and Learning: A Blueprint. Leuven University Press. pp. 260–. ISBN 978-90-6186-867-5. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
"Prijelaz na DVB-T2 TV signal s HEVC (H.265) sažimanjem | OIV digitalni signali i mreže". gledajbezbrige.oiv.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
"Siaran TV Analog Disetop di Seluruh RI 12 Agustus 2023". detik.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
"TDM to switch off analogue television transmission system". TDM. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
"TV og radio". 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
"Zmiana standardu nadawania kanałów TVP na DVB-T2/HEVC - Nowa telewizja cyfrowa (DVB-T2) - Portal Gov.pl". Nowa telewizja cyfrowa (DVB-T2) (in Polish). Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.

PAL (English Wikipedia)

amigaforever.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

asunciontimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

buizenradioclub.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

camerasunderwater.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831st place; English: 1,216th place)

detik.com (Global: 563rd place; English: 920th place)

dvb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

dvd-replica.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ebha.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ebu.ch (Global: 5,698th place; English: 5,387th place)

tech.ebu.ch

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; English: 100th place)

eur-lex.europa.eu

firenzemedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fluke.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

assets.fluke.com

freeserve.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

pembers.freeserve.co.uk

gov.pl (Global: 1,305th place; English: 4,335th place)

grassvalley.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

wwwapps.grassvalley.com

ipl.pt (Global: low place; English: low place)

deetc.isel.ipl.pt

itu.int (Global: 1,487th place; English: 1,305th place)

nintendolife.com (Global: 799th place; English: 465th place)

nkom.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

oiv.hr (Global: low place; English: low place)

gledajbezbrige.oiv.hr

pagine70.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

palermo.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

radiomuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

radios-tv.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

scihi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

tdm.com.mo (Global: 8,990th place; English: low place)

videoconverterfactory.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

detik.com (Global: 563^rd place; English: 920^th place)

ebu.ch (Global: 5,698^th place; English: 5,387^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

gov.pl (Global: 1,305^th place; English: 4,335^th place)

itu.int (Global: 1,487^th place; English: 1,305^th place)

nintendolife.com (Global: 799^th place; English: 465^th place)

tdm.com.mo (Global: 8,990^th place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)