PDVSA (English Wikipedia)

Storm over Venezuela oil speech, BBC News,4 November 2006. Accessed online 7 November 2006.
"Venezuela gives US cheap oil deal". November 23, 2005. Retrieved April 30, 2019.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

"Venezuela's Guaido Says Opposition Seeks Financing, Debt Relief". Bloomberg.com. January 22, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.

brightwire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Venezuela's PDVSA Delays Joint Gas Production With Eni, Repsol Until 1Q 2013". BrightWire.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

caracaschronicles.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Francisco Toro (June 28, 2016). "The fallen kingpin: Roberto Rincon's story". Retrieved May 7, 2023.

caribarena.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Govt to Acquire WIOC | CARIBARENA ANTIGUA". Retrieved September 1, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

citgo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"CITGO - About us". Archived from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
Company History Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, by Citgo, accessed on 10 December 2007.

curacaochronicle.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Isla has not been operating at full capacity for two years". www.curacaochronicle.com.

curadas.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hay nueva junta directiva en Pdvsa y cambian a tres ministros" (in Spanish). August 28, 2023. Gaceta Oficial Extraordinario N.º 6.760 del 28 de agosto, mediante el decreto número 4.486.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Lander, Luis; LóPez-Maya, Margarita (May 2003). "Venezuela's Oil Reform And Chavismo". NACLA Report on the Americas. 36 (1): 21–23. doi:10.1080/10714839.2003.11722513. ISSN 1071-4839. S2CID 157630783.
Kline, Harvey F. (April 24, 2018). Kline, Harvey F; Wade, Christine J; Wiarda, Howard J (eds.). Latin American Politics and Development. doi:10.4324/9780429495045. ISBN 9780429495045.^{[permanent dead link]}

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"Venezuela's oil industry: Up in smoke". The Economist. August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.

elconfidencial.com (Global: 1,069^th place; English: 2,051^st place)

"El futuro de la revolución, en manos del zar del petróleo y tercer hombre de Chávez". El Confidencial (in Spanish). March 29, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2021.

elmundo.es (Global: 258^th place; English: 676^th place)

"El embajador de Zapatero en Venezuela confiesa que cobró de la petrolera PDVSA asesorías ficticias millonarias". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). October 13, 2024. Retrieved October 14, 2024.

eluniversal.com (Global: 2,522^nd place; English: 3,443^rd place)

"Pdvsa confirms "punctual" import of light crude oil". El Universal. October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,185^th place; English: 815^th place)

Gramer, Robbie (January 26, 2017). "Venezuela Is So Broke It Can't Even Export Oil". Foreign Policy. Retrieved January 31, 2017.

hbz-nrw.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitool.hbz-nrw.de

Kline, Harvey F. (April 24, 2018). Kline, Harvey F; Wade, Christine J; Wiarda, Howard J (eds.). Latin American Politics and Development. doi:10.4324/9780429495045. ISBN 9780429495045.^{[permanent dead link]}

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Vegard Bye, "Nationalization of Oil in Venezuela: Re-defined Dependence and Legitimization of Imperialism", Journal of Peace Research, 16, no. 1 (1979): 67, accessed December 3, 2014.
Giusti, Luis E. (1999). ""La Apertura": The Opening of Venezuela's Oil Industry". Journal of International Affairs. 53 (1): 117–128. JSTOR 24357788.

justice.gov (Global: 884^th place; English: 477^th place)

"Businessman Pleads Guilty to Foreign Bribery and Tax Charges in Connection with Venezuela Bribery Scheme". US Department of Justice. June 16, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2023.

laht.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Venezuela to Pay Nationalized U.S. Firms $420 Million". Latin American Herald Tribune. March 26, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2012.

lapatilla.com (Global: 7,005^th place; English: 6,605^th place)

"La experiencia brilla por su ausencia en la nueva Junta Directiva de Pdvsa (Gaceta Extraordinaria)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018.

mediaco-op.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

German Zambrano, head of communications, cited in "Red Oil". Cutting Edge. 2009.
"Red Oil". Cutting Edge. 2009.

minec.gob.ve (Global: low place; English: low place)

"EJECUTIVO NACIONAL ANUNCIÓ NUEVA DIRECTIVA DE PDVSA Y TRES MINISTROS". Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Ecosocialismo. August 28, 2023. Retrieved September 23, 2023.

nybooks.com (Global: 2,009^th place; English: 1,223^rd place)

Enrique Krauze (March 8, 2018). "Hell of a Fiesta". New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Neuman, William; Krauss, Clifford (June 14, 2018). "Workers Flee and Thieves Loot Venezuela's Reeling Oil Giant". The New York Times. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
Matt Daily (February 11, 2008). "Exxon Mobil's Venezuelan gambit might lead to settlement". The New York Times. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
"Venezuela Vows to Reject Arbitration in Exxon Case". The New York Times. Reuters. January 8, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2012.

occrp.org (Global: 6,949^th place; English: 4,762^nd place)

"Black Gold in Swiss Vaults: Venezuelan Elites Hid Stolen Oil Money in Credit Suisse". OCCRP. February 20, 2022.

pdvsa.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"PETRÓLEOS DE VENEZUELA, S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES (PDVSA)" (PDF). PDVSA. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
"Gobierno Corporativo". Petróleos de Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved September 23, 2023.
"PDVSA".

petroleumworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Venezuela: Fire at PDVSA El Palito refinery extinguished". Petroleum World. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2012.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

reuters.com

"Venezuela's PDVSA oil revenue tumbles amid lower prices, production". Reuters. August 12, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
Buitrago, Deisy (April 17, 2018). "Under military rule, Venezuela oil workers quit in a stampede". Reuters. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
Venezuela's PDVSA, Perenco discuss $600 million financing for venture, International: Reuters, February 24, 2014
Parraga, Marianna. "Exclusive: Venezuela eyes first-ever refining of foreign oil -..." Reuters. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
"Venezuela pleads guilty in U.S. to role in PDVSA bribe scheme". Reuters. July 16, 2018. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
Armas, Mayela; Buitrago, Deisy (April 5, 2023). "Arrests in Venezuela probe of oil company PDVSA climb to 34". Reuters. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
Cohen, Luc (September 21, 2021). "PDVSA begins U.S. trial over claim sanctions prevented debt payments". Reuters. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
"Venezuela's PDVSA says it is a victim of cyber attack, blames U.S." Reuters. December 15, 2025. Retrieved December 15, 2025.
"Allies of Venezuela's Guaido file lawsuit over PDVSA 2020 bond". Reuters. October 29, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
"U.S. extends Citgo's protection from creditors for three months". Reuters. April 19, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2023.

uk.reuters.com

"Chaos, demands for answers after Venezuela refinery blast". Reuters. September 2, 2012. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2012.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Lander, Luis; LóPez-Maya, Margarita (May 2003). "Venezuela's Oil Reform And Chavismo". NACLA Report on the Americas. 36 (1): 21–23. doi:10.1080/10714839.2003.11722513. ISSN 1071-4839. S2CID 157630783.

shorthandstories.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

alianza.shorthandstories.com

"PDVSA'S FLEET THREW $3.7 BILLION OVERBOARD". alianza.shorthandstories.com. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

southfloridastandard.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Standard, South Florida (January 6, 2026). "Trump's Venezuela Oil Push Could Worsen South Florida Climate Risks". South Florida Standard. Retrieved January 7, 2026.

theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336^th place; English: 179^th place)

"Venezuela Inc., up in smoke". Globe and Mail. Toronto. September 17, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

news.un.org

"UN labour agency discusses repression in Myanmar, China, Colombia, Venezuela". UN News. March 29, 2004. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2019.

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu

"Post-Chavez, Venezuela Enters a Downward Spiral". Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 21, 2015.

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

eu.usatoday.com

"With executive order, Trump imposes new round of Venezuela sanctions". USA Today. August 25, 2017. The new sanctions are an attempt to close a number of loopholes Venezuela has used to sell off assets and raise money. They restrict the ability of Venezuela and state-owned oil company PDVSA to issue new debt or stock in U.S. dollars, or engage in other financial dealings with U.S. citizens.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Fitch Downgrades Ca la Electricidad de Caracas Edc Idrs to B; Outlook Stable :: Unternehmensnachrichten". Archived from the original on April 18, 2009. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
"CITGO - About us". Archived from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
Enrique Krauze (March 8, 2018). "Hell of a Fiesta". New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018.
"UN labour agency discusses repression in Myanmar, China, Colombia, Venezuela". UN News. March 29, 2004. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
"Largest companies in Latin América". rankings.americaeconomia.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
Company History Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, by Citgo, accessed on 10 December 2007.
"Chaos, demands for answers after Venezuela refinery blast". Reuters. September 2, 2012. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
"Venezuela: Fire at PDVSA El Palito refinery extinguished". Petroleum World. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2012.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Lander, Luis; LóPez-Maya, Margarita (May 2003). "Venezuela's Oil Reform And Chavismo". NACLA Report on the Americas. 36 (1): 21–23. doi:10.1080/10714839.2003.11722513. ISSN 1071-4839. S2CID 157630783.
de Córdoba, José; Forero, Juan (October 22, 2015). "El gigante PDVSA y su ex jefe, bajo investigación en EE.UU". Wall Street Journal (in Spanish). ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved July 17, 2021.

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

online.wsj.com

de Córdoba, José; Forero, Juan (October 22, 2015). "El gigante PDVSA y su ex jefe, bajo investigación en EE.UU". Wall Street Journal (in Spanish). ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved July 17, 2021.

wsj.com

Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Vyas, Kejal (May 28, 2017). "Goldman Sachs Bought Venezuela's State Oil Company's Bonds Last Week". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2017.

PDVSA (English Wikipedia)

ad-hoc-news.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

americaeconomia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

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bloomberg.com (Global: 118th place; English: 85th place)

brightwire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

caracaschronicles.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

caribarena.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

citgo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

curacaochronicle.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

curadas.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

elconfidencial.com (Global: 1,069th place; English: 2,051st place)

elmundo.es (Global: 258th place; English: 676th place)

eluniversal.com (Global: 2,522nd place; English: 3,443rd place)

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,185th place; English: 815th place)

hbz-nrw.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

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jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

justice.gov (Global: 884th place; English: 477th place)

laht.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lapatilla.com (Global: 7,005th place; English: 6,605th place)

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occrp.org (Global: 6,949th place; English: 4,762nd place)

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petroleumworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336th place; English: 179th place)

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upenn.edu (Global: 784th place; English: 498th place)

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wsj.com (Global: 94th place; English: 66th place)

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

elconfidencial.com (Global: 1,069^th place; English: 2,051^st place)

elmundo.es (Global: 258^th place; English: 676^th place)

eluniversal.com (Global: 2,522^nd place; English: 3,443^rd place)

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,185^th place; English: 815^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

justice.gov (Global: 884^th place; English: 477^th place)

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nybooks.com (Global: 2,009^th place; English: 1,223^rd place)

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occrp.org (Global: 6,949^th place; English: 4,762^nd place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

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theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336^th place; English: 179^th place)

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