PL/I (English Wikipedia)

"MPPL in for NPL" (PDF). Business & Science. Datamation. Vol. 11, no. 4. Frank D. Thompson. April 1965. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
"Another New Name, More Compilers for NPL" (PDF). Business & Science. Datamation. Vol. 11, no. 6. Frank D. Thompson. June 1965. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
"Chapter 1: Introduction" (PDF). NPL Technical Report (PDF) (Report). IBM. December 1964. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2024. NPL is designed to serve the needs of an unusually large group of programmers, including scientific, business, real time, and systems programmers.
IBM System/360 Operating System PL/I (F) Compiler Program Logic Manual (PDF). IBM. December 1966. Section 2: Compiler Phases. Y28-6800-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
IBM System/360 PL/I Subset Reference Manual (PDF). IBM. 1967. C28-8202-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
OS PL/I Checkout and Optimizing Compilers: Language Reference Manual (PDF). IBM. October 1976. GC33-0009-04. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
"VAX-11 PL/I, version 1.0" (PDF). Digital. October 1980. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-31. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
IBM Series/1 PL/I Introduction Program Numbers 5719-PL1 5719-PL3 (PDF) (1st ed.). IBM. February 1977. GC34-0084-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
IBM System/360 Operating System PL/I (F) Language Reference Manual (PDF) (Fifth ed.). December 1972. Chapter 15: Multitasking. GC28-8201-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
OS PL/I Checkout and Optimizing Compilers: Language Reference Manual (PDF) (Fifth ed.). October 1976. Chapter 17: Multitasking. GC33-0009-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-01. Retrieved 2022-05-07.

bobspixels.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The IBM 1130". BobsPixels.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-02. Retrieved 2019-11-17.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Frank G. Soltis (1997). Inside the AS/400, Second Edition. Duke Press. ISBN 978-1-882419-66-1.

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

A. Endres (2013). "Early Language and Compiler Developments at IBM Europe". Archived from the original on 2019-11-17. Retrieved 2019-11-17.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

archive.computerhistory.org

"RDBMS Plenary 1: Early Years" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Burton Grad. Computer History Museum. 2007-06-12. pp. 16–17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-05-31. Retrieved 2025-05-30.

decus.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Grant, Clair (June 2005). "Porting OpenVMS to HP Integrity Servers" (PDF). OpenVMS Technical Journal. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2023-07-28.

dodo.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

members.dodo.com.au

Peter Norton (May 15, 1984). "The Norton chronicles". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Radin, G.; H. Paul Rogoway (January 1965). "Highlights of a New Programming Language". Communications of the ACM. 8 (1): 9–17. doi:10.1145/363707.363708. S2CID 17133703.
Radin, G. (August 1978). "The Early History and Characteristics of PL/I". ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 13 (8): 227–241. doi:10.1145/960118.808389. S2CID 13925251.
R. N. Cuff (May 1972). "A Conversational Compiler for Full PL/I". The Computer Journal. 15 (2): 99–104. doi:10.1093/comjnl/15.2.99.
B. L. Marks (1973). "The design of a checkout compiler". IBM Systems Journal. 12 (3): 315–327. doi:10.1147/sj.123.0315.
Robin A. Vowels (March 1996). "PL/I for OS/2". ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 31 (3). Association for Computing Machinery: 22–27. doi:10.1145/227717.227724. S2CID 24441291.
Abrahams, Paul W. The CIMS PL/I compiler. 1979 SIGPLAN symposium on Compiler construction. pp. 107–116. doi:10.1145/800229.806960. ISBN 0-89791-002-8.
Berg, William; Cline, Marshall; Girou, Mike (October 1995). "Lessons learned from the OS/400 OO project". Communications of the ACM. 38 (10): 54–64. doi:10.1145/226239.226253. S2CID 7492851.
Cocke, John; Markstein, Victoria (January 1990). "The evolution of RISC technology at IBM" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 34 (1): 4–11. doi:10.1147/rd.341.0004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-11-19. Retrieved 2026-02-06. The result was the PL.8 language, the ".8" implying that it had about 80 percent of the richness of PL/I.
Gellerich, W; Hendel, T.; Land, R.; Lehmann, H.; Mueller, M.; Oden, P. H.; Penner, H. (May 2004). "The GNU 64-bit PL8 compiler: Toward an open standard environment for firmware development" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 48 (3.4). IBM: 543–556. doi:10.1147/rd.483.0543. S2CID 19020943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
Auslander, Marc; Hopkins, Martin (June 1982). An overview of the PL.8 compiler (PDF). SIGPLAN '82 Proceedings of the 1982 SIGPLAN symposium on Compiler construction. ACM. pp. 22–31. doi:10.1145/872726.806977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
J. von Buttlar; H. Bohm; R. Ernst; A. Horsch; A. Kohler; H. Schein; M. Stetter; K. Theurich (July 2002). "z/CECSIM: An efficient and comprehensive microcode simulator for the IBM eServer z900" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 46 (4.5). IBM: 607–615. doi:10.1147/rd.464.0607. S2CID 12745372. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
Schultz, G.; Rose, D.; West, C.; Gray, J. (April 1980). "Executable description and validation of SNA". IEEE Transactions on Communications. 28 (4): 661–677. Bibcode:1980ITCom..28..661S. doi:10.1109/TCOM.1980.1094695.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Cutler, Dave (2016-02-25). "Dave Cutler Oral History". youtube.com (Interview). Interviewed by Grant Saviers. Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 2021-02-26.

gnu.org (Global: 1,901^st place; English: 1,743^rd place)

gcc.gnu.org

"Programming Languages Supported by GCC". GNU Project. Archived from the original on January 18, 2023. Retrieved 2014-06-23.

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153^rd place; English: 1,445^th place)

Dan Hicks (1998-08-21). "UNIX vs AS/400?". Newsgroup: comp.sys.ibm.as400.misc. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-03-22.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Hart, Timothy P. (October 1963). "MACRO Definitions for LISP". Artificial Intelligence Memos. No. 57. hdl:1721.1/6111.

hopl.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pigott, Diarmuid. "PL/MP". Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved Feb 24, 2021.

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

ibm.com

Enterprise PL/I for z/OS 6.2 Programming Guide (PDF). IBM. 2025. GI13-5620-00. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 17, 2025. Retrieved July 8, 2025.
Enterprise PL/I for z/OS 6.2 Language Reference (PDF). IBM. 2025. SC31-5716-00. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2025. Retrieved July 8, 2025.
"IBM PL/I Compiler Family". IBM. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
"ALTER statement". IBM. 24 September 2021. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2019.

www-01.ibm.com

"IBM PL/I Set for AIX Version 1". 19 September 1995. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2019.

publibfp.dhe.ibm.com

Enterprise PL/I for z/OS PL/I for AIX Rational Developer for System z PL/I for Windows: Language Reference (PDF) (Third ed.). IBM. September 2012. SC14-7285-02. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178^th place; English: 745^th place)

rsim.cs.illinois.edu

Auslander, Marc; Hopkins, Martin (June 1982). An overview of the PL.8 compiler (PDF). SIGPLAN '82 Proceedings of the 1982 SIGPLAN symposium on Compiler construction. ACM. pp. 22–31. doi:10.1145/872726.806977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2021-02-26.

iron-spring.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Iron Spring PL/I Compiler - Programming Guide". ironspring.com. 2020-09-15. Archived from the original on 2021-03-24. Retrieved 2021-02-26.

kednos.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS and Tru64". kednos.com. 2016-11-02. Archived from the original on 2021-03-14. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
"Chapter 8: Program Control". Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Systems Reference Manual. January 2007. Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2017-11-05.

microfocus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

microfocus.com

"What's New in Studio and Server Enterprise Edition 6.0 Service Pack 2 - Wrap Pack 1" (PDF). Micro Focus. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 7, 2017.

documentation.microfocus.com

"Enterprise > Micro Focus Studio Enterprise Edition for UNIX > Welcome > Product Information > Installing Studio Enterprise Edition for UNIX > System Requirements". Micro Focus. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-05.

midrange.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.midrange.com

Leif Svalgaard (2003-10-08). "Re: Re: MI emulator". MI400 (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
Dave McKenzie (2004-09-01). "RE: Dave McKenzie's UNDELete utility - a LifeSaver!". Midrange Archive MI400. Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-24.

multicians.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

R. A. Frieburghouse. "The Multics PL/1 Compiler". Multicians.org. Archived from the original on 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
Tom Van Vleck (ed.). "The Choice of PL/I". Multicians.org. Archived from the original on 2022-10-04. Retrieved 2022-10-04.

narkive.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

comp.answers.narkive.com

Robin Vowels (2010-04-01). "PL/I Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". Newsgroup: comp.answers. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-07.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"Changes at I.B.M." The New York Times. June 20, 1984. Archived from the original on July 14, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2019.

oracle.com (Global: 2,532^nd place; English: 1,847^th place)

docs.oracle.com

"GO TO (Assigned)". Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
"GO TO (Computed)". Archived from the original on 2019-09-21. Retrieved 2019-11-19.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Radin, G.; H. Paul Rogoway (January 1965). "Highlights of a New Programming Language". Communications of the ACM. 8 (1): 9–17. doi:10.1145/363707.363708. S2CID 17133703.
Radin, G. (August 1978). "The Early History and Characteristics of PL/I". ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 13 (8): 227–241. doi:10.1145/960118.808389. S2CID 13925251.
Robin A. Vowels (March 1996). "PL/I for OS/2". ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 31 (3). Association for Computing Machinery: 22–27. doi:10.1145/227717.227724. S2CID 24441291.
Berg, William; Cline, Marshall; Girou, Mike (October 1995). "Lessons learned from the OS/400 OO project". Communications of the ACM. 38 (10): 54–64. doi:10.1145/226239.226253. S2CID 7492851.
Gellerich, W; Hendel, T.; Land, R.; Lehmann, H.; Mueller, M.; Oden, P. H.; Penner, H. (May 2004). "The GNU 64-bit PL8 compiler: Toward an open standard environment for firmware development" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 48 (3.4). IBM: 543–556. doi:10.1147/rd.483.0543. S2CID 19020943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
J. von Buttlar; H. Bohm; R. Ernst; A. Horsch; A. Kohler; H. Schein; M. Stetter; K. Theurich (July 2002). "z/CECSIM: An efficient and comprehensive microcode simulator for the IBM eServer z900" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 46 (4.5). IBM: 607–615. doi:10.1147/rd.464.0607. S2CID 12745372. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2021-02-26.

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

Gellerich, W; Hendel, T.; Land, R.; Lehmann, H.; Mueller, M.; Oden, P. H.; Penner, H. (May 2004). "The GNU 64-bit PL8 compiler: Toward an open standard environment for firmware development" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 48 (3.4). IBM: 543–556. doi:10.1147/rd.483.0543. S2CID 19020943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
J. von Buttlar; H. Bohm; R. Ernst; A. Horsch; A. Kohler; H. Schein; M. Stetter; K. Theurich (July 2002). "z/CECSIM: An efficient and comprehensive microcode simulator for the IBM eServer z900" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 46 (4.5). IBM: 607–615. doi:10.1147/rd.464.0607. S2CID 12745372. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2021-02-26.

sourceforge.net (Global: 1,842^nd place; English: 1,520^th place)

pl1gcc.sourceforge.net

"PL/I front-end for GNU Compiler Collection". Archived from the original on 2025-04-07. Retrieved 2025-03-23.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

extras.springer.com

In his slides on IBM Operating System/360 Fred Brooks says OS/360 should have been written in PL/I not PL/S and Assembler. The article is a great summary of the OS/360 program. "The /360 Architecture and Its Operating System" Archived 2020-07-28 at the Wayback Machine, 2001.

stratus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

stratadoc.stratus.com

OpenVOS PL/I Language Manual (R009). Marlboro, Massachusetts: Stratus Computer, Inc. 1995. OpenVOS PL/I. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-05.

teampli.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SL/1 (Student Language/One)". Archived from the original on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2019-11-17.

tuhs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"4.3BSD-Reno/src/games/fortune/datfiles/fortunes". The Unix Heritage Society. Retrieved 2026-06-17.

tutorialride.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"GO TO Statement in COBOL". Archived from the original on 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2019-11-19.

unc.edu (Global: 1,577^th place; English: 913^th place)

cs.unc.edu

"Frederick P. Brooks, Jr". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 2025-08-26. Retrieved 2025-06-27.

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

acg.cis.upenn.edu

Cocke, John; Markstein, Victoria (January 1990). "The evolution of RISC technology at IBM" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 34 (1): 4–11. doi:10.1147/rd.341.0004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-11-19. Retrieved 2026-02-06. The result was the PL.8 language, the ".8" implying that it had about 80 percent of the richness of PL/I.

uwaterloo.ca (Global: 3,649^th place; English: 2,434^th place)

plg.uwaterloo.ca

Richard C. Holt (November 5, 1972). "Teaching the Fatal Disease (or) Introductory Computer Programming Using PL/I". Archived from the original on April 15, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.

uwplatt.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

atlas.ion.uwplatt.edu

"Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp A Binder converts names".^{[permanent dead link]}

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Changes at I.B.M." The New York Times. June 20, 1984. Archived from the original on July 14, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
"MPPL in for NPL" (PDF). Business & Science. Datamation. Vol. 11, no. 4. Frank D. Thompson. April 1965. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
"Another New Name, More Compilers for NPL" (PDF). Business & Science. Datamation. Vol. 11, no. 6. Frank D. Thompson. June 1965. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
"Frederick P. Brooks, Jr". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 2025-08-26. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
"RDBMS Plenary 1: Early Years" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Burton Grad. Computer History Museum. 2007-06-12. pp. 16–17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-05-31. Retrieved 2025-05-30.
"Chapter 1: Introduction" (PDF). NPL Technical Report (PDF) (Report). IBM. December 1964. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2024. NPL is designed to serve the needs of an unusually large group of programmers, including scientific, business, real time, and systems programmers.
The PL/I machine defined in the standard is covered in The Definition Mechanism for Standard PL/I Archived 2010-06-10 at the Wayback Machine. Michael Marcotty, Frederick G Sayward.
Krasun, Andy. "The first 35+ years of Hursley software 1958-1993 with some hardware asides, a personal account" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
IBM System/360 Operating System PL/I (F) Compiler Program Logic Manual (PDF). IBM. December 1966. Section 2: Compiler Phases. Y28-6800-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
IBM System/360 PL/I Subset Reference Manual (PDF). IBM. 1967. C28-8202-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
R. A. Frieburghouse. "The Multics PL/1 Compiler". Multicians.org. Archived from the original on 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
Tom Van Vleck (ed.). "The Choice of PL/I". Multicians.org. Archived from the original on 2022-10-04. Retrieved 2022-10-04.
OS PL/I Checkout and Optimizing Compilers: Language Reference Manual (PDF). IBM. October 1976. GC33-0009-04. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
A. Endres (2013). "Early Language and Compiler Developments at IBM Europe". Archived from the original on 2019-11-17. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
"VAX-11 PL/I, version 1.0" (PDF). Digital. October 1980. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-31. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
Tom Linden (2004-05-21). "RE: Dave Cutler and VMS #2". Newsgroup: comp.os.vms. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
Robin Vowels (2010-04-01). "PL/I Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". Newsgroup: comp.answers. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
"Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS and Tru64". kednos.com. 2016-11-02. Archived from the original on 2021-03-14. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
Richard C. Holt (November 5, 1972). "Teaching the Fatal Disease (or) Introductory Computer Programming Using PL/I". Archived from the original on April 15, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
"SL/1 (Student Language/One)". Archived from the original on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
"The IBM 1130". BobsPixels.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-02. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
Enterprise PL/I for z/OS 6.2 Programming Guide (PDF). IBM. 2025. GI13-5620-00. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 17, 2025. Retrieved July 8, 2025.
Enterprise PL/I for z/OS 6.2 Language Reference (PDF). IBM. 2025. SC31-5716-00. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2025. Retrieved July 8, 2025.
"IBM PL/I Compiler Family". IBM. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
OpenVOS PL/I Language Manual (R009). Marlboro, Massachusetts: Stratus Computer, Inc. 1995. OpenVOS PL/I. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-05.
IBM Series/1 PL/I Introduction Program Numbers 5719-PL1 5719-PL3 (PDF) (1st ed.). IBM. February 1977. GC34-0084-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
Peter Norton (May 15, 1984). "The Norton chronicles". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
"What's New in Studio and Server Enterprise Edition 6.0 Service Pack 2 - Wrap Pack 1" (PDF). Micro Focus. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 7, 2017.
"Enterprise > Micro Focus Studio Enterprise Edition for UNIX > Welcome > Product Information > Installing Studio Enterprise Edition for UNIX > System Requirements". Micro Focus. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-05.
"IBM PL/I Set for AIX Version 1". 19 September 1995. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
"Iron Spring PL/I Compiler - Programming Guide". ironspring.com. 2020-09-15. Archived from the original on 2021-03-24. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
"Programming Languages Supported by GCC". GNU Project. Archived from the original on January 18, 2023. Retrieved 2014-06-23.
"PL/I front-end for GNU Compiler Collection". Archived from the original on 2025-04-07. Retrieved 2025-03-23.
Pigott, Diarmuid. "PL/MP". Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved Feb 24, 2021.
Leif Svalgaard (2003-10-08). "Re: Re: MI emulator". MI400 (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
Dave McKenzie (2004-09-01). "RE: Dave McKenzie's UNDELete utility - a LifeSaver!". Midrange Archive MI400. Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
Dan Hicks (1998-08-21). "UNIX vs AS/400?". Newsgroup: comp.sys.ibm.as400.misc. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
Cocke, John; Markstein, Victoria (January 1990). "The evolution of RISC technology at IBM" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 34 (1): 4–11. doi:10.1147/rd.341.0004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-11-19. Retrieved 2026-02-06. The result was the PL.8 language, the ".8" implying that it had about 80 percent of the richness of PL/I.
Gellerich, W; Hendel, T.; Land, R.; Lehmann, H.; Mueller, M.; Oden, P. H.; Penner, H. (May 2004). "The GNU 64-bit PL8 compiler: Toward an open standard environment for firmware development" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 48 (3.4). IBM: 543–556. doi:10.1147/rd.483.0543. S2CID 19020943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
Auslander, Marc; Hopkins, Martin (June 1982). An overview of the PL.8 compiler (PDF). SIGPLAN '82 Proceedings of the 1982 SIGPLAN symposium on Compiler construction. ACM. pp. 22–31. doi:10.1145/872726.806977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
J. von Buttlar; H. Bohm; R. Ernst; A. Horsch; A. Kohler; H. Schein; M. Stetter; K. Theurich (July 2002). "z/CECSIM: An efficient and comprehensive microcode simulator for the IBM eServer z900" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 46 (4.5). IBM: 607–615. doi:10.1147/rd.464.0607. S2CID 12745372. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
Pearkins, Jon E. (December 1, 1995). "Open PL/I: Liant addresses PL/I legacy applications". Enterprise Systems Journal. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2010 – via HighBeam Research. Open PL/I estimated that in 1995 20% of mainframe legacy applications were in PL/I, with 60% in COBOL: there were 300,000 PL/I programmers worldwide
Grant, Clair (June 2005). "Porting OpenVMS to HP Integrity Servers" (PDF). OpenVMS Technical Journal. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
In his slides on IBM Operating System/360 Fred Brooks says OS/360 should have been written in PL/I not PL/S and Assembler. The article is a great summary of the OS/360 program. "The /360 Architecture and Its Operating System" Archived 2020-07-28 at the Wayback Machine, 2001.
IBM System/360 Operating System PL/I (F) Language Reference Manual (PDF) (Fifth ed.). December 1972. Chapter 15: Multitasking. GC28-8201-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
OS PL/I Checkout and Optimizing Compilers: Language Reference Manual (PDF) (Fifth ed.). October 1976. Chapter 17: Multitasking. GC33-0009-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-01. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
"Chapter 8: Program Control". Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Systems Reference Manual. January 2007. Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2017-11-05.
Enterprise PL/I for z/OS PL/I for AIX Rational Developer for System z PL/I for Windows: Language Reference (PDF) (Third ed.). IBM. September 2012. SC14-7285-02. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
"ALTER statement". IBM. 24 September 2021. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
"GO TO (Assigned)". Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
"GO TO (Computed)". Archived from the original on 2019-09-21. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
"GO TO Statement in COBOL". Archived from the original on 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2019-11-19.

yale.edu (Global: 559^th place; English: 389^th place)

cs.yale.edu

The PL/I machine defined in the standard is covered in The Definition Mechanism for Standard PL/I Archived 2010-06-10 at the Wayback Machine. Michael Marcotty, Frederick G Sayward.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

Cutler, Dave (2016-02-25). "Dave Cutler Oral History". youtube.com (Interview). Interviewed by Grant Saviers. Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 2021-02-26.

PL/I (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bcs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

apsg.bcs.org

bitsavers.org (Global: 3,844th place; English: 1,960th place)

bobspixels.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

computer.org (Global: 6,549th place; English: 4,616th place)

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702nd place; English: 1,789th place)

archive.computerhistory.org

decus.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

dodo.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

members.dodo.com.au

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

gnu.org (Global: 1,901st place; English: 1,743rd place)

gcc.gnu.org

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153rd place; English: 1,445th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

hopl.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,369th place; English: 968th place)

ibm.com

www-01.ibm.com

publibfp.dhe.ibm.com

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178th place; English: 745th place)

rsim.cs.illinois.edu

iron-spring.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kednos.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

microfocus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

microfocus.com

documentation.microfocus.com

midrange.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.midrange.com

multicians.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

narkive.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

comp.answers.narkive.com

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

oracle.com (Global: 2,532nd place; English: 1,847th place)

docs.oracle.com

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

sourceforge.net (Global: 1,842nd place; English: 1,520th place)

pl1gcc.sourceforge.net

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; English: 172nd place)

extras.springer.com

stratus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

stratadoc.stratus.com

teampli.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

tuhs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

tutorialride.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

unc.edu (Global: 1,577th place; English: 913th place)

cs.unc.edu

upenn.edu (Global: 784th place; English: 498th place)

acg.cis.upenn.edu

uwaterloo.ca (Global: 3,649th place; English: 2,434th place)

plg.uwaterloo.ca

uwplatt.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

atlas.ion.uwplatt.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

yale.edu (Global: 559th place; English: 389th place)

cs.yale.edu

youtube.com (Global: 13th place; English: 14th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bitsavers.org (Global: 3,844^th place; English: 1,960^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

gnu.org (Global: 1,901^st place; English: 1,743^rd place)

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153^rd place; English: 1,445^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178^th place; English: 745^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oracle.com (Global: 2,532^nd place; English: 1,847^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sourceforge.net (Global: 1,842^nd place; English: 1,520^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

unc.edu (Global: 1,577^th place; English: 913^th place)

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

uwaterloo.ca (Global: 3,649^th place; English: 2,434^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

yale.edu (Global: 559^th place; English: 389^th place)

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)