Eschmeyer, W. N. (ed.) californica, TorpedoArchived 2012-02-21 at the Wayback Machine. Catalog of Fishes electronic version (February 19, 2010). Retrieved on March 22, 2010.
Lowe, C.G.; Bray, R.N. & Nelson, D.R. (1994). "Feeding and associated electrical behavior of the Pacific electric ray Torpedo californica in the field". Marine Biology. 120 (1): 161–169. Bibcode:1994MarBi.120..161L. doi:10.1007/BF00381951. S2CID3890498.
Deets, G.B. & Dojiri, M. (1989). "Three species of Trebius Krøyer, 1838 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on Pacific elasmobranchs". Systematic Parasitology. 13 (2): 81–101. doi:10.1007/bf00015217. S2CID45745111.
Alexander, C.G. (1954). "Microcotyle macracantha n. sp., a Monogenetic Trematode from the Gulf of California, with a Redescription of Amphibdelloides maccallumi (Johnston and Tiegs, 1922) Price, 1937". The Journal of Parasitology. 40 (3): 279–283. doi:10.2307/3273739. JSTOR3273739. PMID13184373.
Goldstein, R.J. (1967). "The Genus Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea)". The Journal of Parasitology. 53 (3): 455–483. doi:10.2307/3276705. JSTOR3276705. PMID6026837.
Lowe, C.G.; Bray, R.N. & Nelson, D.R. (1994). "Feeding and associated electrical behavior of the Pacific electric ray Torpedo californica in the field". Marine Biology. 120 (1): 161–169. Bibcode:1994MarBi.120..161L. doi:10.1007/BF00381951. S2CID3890498.
Alexander, C.G. (1954). "Microcotyle macracantha n. sp., a Monogenetic Trematode from the Gulf of California, with a Redescription of Amphibdelloides maccallumi (Johnston and Tiegs, 1922) Price, 1937". The Journal of Parasitology. 40 (3): 279–283. doi:10.2307/3273739. JSTOR3273739. PMID13184373.
Goldstein, R.J. (1967). "The Genus Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea)". The Journal of Parasitology. 53 (3): 455–483. doi:10.2307/3276705. JSTOR3276705. PMID6026837.
Alexander, C.G. (1954). "Microcotyle macracantha n. sp., a Monogenetic Trematode from the Gulf of California, with a Redescription of Amphibdelloides maccallumi (Johnston and Tiegs, 1922) Price, 1937". The Journal of Parasitology. 40 (3): 279–283. doi:10.2307/3273739. JSTOR3273739. PMID13184373.
Goldstein, R.J. (1967). "The Genus Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea)". The Journal of Parasitology. 53 (3): 455–483. doi:10.2307/3276705. JSTOR3276705. PMID6026837.
Lowe, C.G.; Bray, R.N. & Nelson, D.R. (1994). "Feeding and associated electrical behavior of the Pacific electric ray Torpedo californica in the field". Marine Biology. 120 (1): 161–169. Bibcode:1994MarBi.120..161L. doi:10.1007/BF00381951. S2CID3890498.
Deets, G.B. & Dojiri, M. (1989). "Three species of Trebius Krøyer, 1838 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on Pacific elasmobranchs". Systematic Parasitology. 13 (2): 81–101. doi:10.1007/bf00015217. S2CID45745111.
Eschmeyer, W. N. (ed.) californica, TorpedoArchived 2012-02-21 at the Wayback Machine. Catalog of Fishes electronic version (February 19, 2010). Retrieved on March 22, 2010.