Pain (English Wikipedia)

"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation". Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite web}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)

abolitionist.com

Smith JA (1991). "A Question of Pain in Invertebrates". Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Journal. 33: 1–2. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011.

academia.edu

Eisenberger NI, Lieberman M (2005). "Why it hurts to be left out: The neurocognitive overlap between physical and social pain". In Williams KD (ed.). The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, & Bullying (Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology). East Sussex: Psychology Press. p. 210. ISBN 9781841694245.

archive.org

Merskey H, Bogduk N (1994). Classification of Chronic Pain (2 nd ed.). Seattle: International Association for the Study of Pain. pp. 3 & 4. ISBN 978-0931092053.
Coda BA, Bonica JJ (2000). "General considerations of acute pain". In Panswick CC, Main CJ (eds.). Pain management: an interdisciplinary approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0443056833.
Thienhaus O, Cole BE (2002). "Classification of pain". In Weiner R (ed.). Pain management: a practical guide for clinicians. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 28. ISBN 978-0849322624.
Beecher HK (1959). Measurement of subjective responses. New York: Oxford University Press. cited in Melzack R, Wall PD (1996). The challenge of pain (2nd ed.). London: Penguin. p. 7. ISBN 978-0140256703.
Merskey H (2000). "The History of Psychoanalytic Ideas Concerning Pain". In Weisberg JN, Gatchel RJ (eds.). Personality Characteristics of Patients With Pain. American Psychological Association (APA). ISBN 978-1557986467.
Skevington S (1995). Psychology of pain. New York: Wiley. p. 9. ISBN 978-0471957737.
Skevington SM (1995). Psychology of pain. Chichester, UK: Wiley. p. 18. ISBN 978-0471957737.
Dawkins R (2009). The Greatest Show on Earth. Free Press. pp. 392–395. ISBN 978-1416594789.
Sarno JE (2006). The divided mind: the epidemic of mindbody disorders. New York: ReganBooks. ISBN 978-0061174308.
Thienhaus O, Cole BE (2002). "The classification of pain". In Weiner RS (ed.). Pain management: A practical guide for clinicians. American Academy of Pain Management. p. 29. ISBN 978-0849322624.
- Main CJ, Spanswick CC (2000). Pain management: an interdisciplinary approach. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0443056833. Pain management: an interdisciplinary approach.

bepress.com

works.bepress.com

Einolf C (2007). "The Fall and Rise of Torture: A Comparative and Historical Analysis". Social Theory. 25 (2): 101–121. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00300.x. JSTOR 20453071. S2CID 53345959.

books.google.com

Raj PP (2007). "Taxonomy and classification of pain". In: The Handbook of Chronic Pain. Nova Biomedical Books. ISBN 9781600210440. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
Lynn B (1984). "Cutaneous nociceptors". In Winlow W, Holden AV (eds.). The neurobiology of pain: Symposium of the Northern Neurobiology Group, held at Leeds on 18 April 1983. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0719009969. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
Bernston GG, Cacioppo JT (2007). "The neuroevolution of motivation". In Gardner WL, Shah JY (eds.). Handbook of Motivation Science. New York: The Guilford Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-1593855680. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
Selbst SM, Fein JA (2006). "Sedation and analgesia". In Henretig FM, Fleisher GR, Ludwig S (eds.). Textbook of pediatric emergency medicine. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1605471594. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.

britannica.com

Petruzzello, Melissa (2016). "Do Plants Feel Pain?". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 January 2023. Given that plants do not have pain receptors, nerves, or a brain, they do not feel pain as we members of the animal kingdom understand it. Uprooting a carrot or trimming a hedge is not a form of botanical torture, and you can bite into that apple without worry.

clevelandclinic.org

my.clevelandclinic.org

"Psychogenic Pain". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2017.

doi.org

Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, Finnerup NB, Flor H, Gibson S, et al. (September 2020). "The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises". Pain. 161 (9): 1976–1982. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939. PMC 7680716. PMID 32694387.
Debono DJ, Hoeksema LJ, Hobbs RD (August 2013). "Caring for patients with chronic pain: pearls and pitfalls". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 113 (8): 620–7. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2013.023. PMID 23918913.
Turk DC, Dworkin RH (2004). "What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials?". Arthritis Research & Therapy. 6 (4): 151–4. doi:10.1186/ar1196. PMC 464897. PMID 15225358.
Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, Kvarstein G, Stubhaug A (July 2008). "Assessment of pain". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 101 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1093/bja/aen103. PMID 18487245.
Moore RA, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Maguire T, Roy YM, Tyrrell L (November 2015). "Non-prescription (OTC) oral analgesics for acute pain – an overview of Cochrane reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD010794. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010794.pub2. PMC 6485506. PMID 26544675.
Garland EL, Brintz CE, Hanley AW, Roseen EJ, Atchley RM, Gaylord SA, et al. (January 2020). "Mind-Body Therapies for Opioid-Treated Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (1): 91–105. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4917. PMC 6830441. PMID 31682676.
Lavoie, Anne; Toledo, Paloma (1 September 2013). "Multimodal Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia". Clinics in Perinatology. Pain Management in the Peripartum Period. 40 (3): 443–455. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2013.05.008. ISSN 0095-5108. PMID 23972750.
Jensen TS, Finnerup NB (September 2014). "Allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain: clinical manifestations and mechanisms". The Lancet. Neurology. 13 (9): 924–935. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70102-4. PMID 25142459. S2CID 25011309.
Lolignier S, Eijkelkamp N, Wood JN (January 2015). "Mechanical allodynia". Pflügers Archiv. 467 (1): 133–139. doi:10.1007/s00424-014-1532-0. PMC 4281368. PMID 24846747.
Kooijman CM, Dijkstra PU, Geertzen JH, Elzinga A, van der Schans CP (July 2000). "Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study". Pain. 87 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00264-5. PMID 10863043. S2CID 7565030.^{[permanent dead link]}
Jensen TS, Krebs B, Nielsen J, Rasmussen P (November 1983). "Phantom limb, phantom pain and stump pain in amputees during the first 6 months following limb amputation". Pain. 17 (3): 243–256. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90097-0. PMID 6657285. S2CID 10304696.
Jensen TS, Krebs B, Nielsen J, Rasmussen P (March 1985). "Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain". Pain. 21 (3): 267–278. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90090-9. PMID 3991231. S2CID 24358789.
Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D (April 1996). "Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 263 (1369): 377–386. Bibcode:1996RSPSB.263..377R. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0058. PMID 8637922. S2CID 4819370.
Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Chaudhary P, Rana SP (January 2009). "Breakthrough cancer pain: review of prevalence, characteristics and management". Indian Journal of Palliative Care. 15 (1): 14–18. doi:10.4103/0973-1075.53506. PMC 2886208. PMID 20606850.
Caraceni A, Hanks G, Kaasa S, Bennett MI, Brunelli C, Cherny N, Dale O, De Conno F, Fallon M, Hanna M, Haugen DF, Juhl G, King S, Klepstad P, Laugsand EA, Maltoni M, Mercadante S, Nabal M, Pigni A, Radbruch L, Reid C, Sjogren P, Stone PC, Tassinari D, Zeppetella G (February 2012). "Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC" (PDF). The Lancet. Oncology. 13 (2): e58–68. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70040-2. PMID 22300860. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
"International Association for the Study of Pain: Pain Definitions". Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage Alt URL^{[permanent dead link]} Derived from Bonica JJ (June 1979). "The need of a taxonomy". Pain. 6 (3): 247–248. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90046-0. PMID 460931. S2CID 53161389.
Nagasako EM, Oaklander AL, Dworkin RH (February 2003). "Congenital insensitivity to pain: an update". Pain. 101 (3): 213–219. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00482-7. PMID 12583863. S2CID 206055264.
Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Deery HG, Embil JM, Joseph WS, Karchmer AW, LeFrock JL, Lew DP, Mader JT, Norden C, Tan JS (October 2004). "Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (7): 885–910. doi:10.1086/424846. PMID 15472838.
Axelrod FB, Hilz MJ (December 2003). "Inherited autonomic neuropathies". Seminars in Neurology. 23 (4): 381–390. doi:10.1055/s-2004-817722. PMID 15088259. S2CID 260317729.
Raouf R, Quick K, Wood JN (November 2010). "Pain as a channelopathy". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120 (11): 3745–3752. doi:10.1172/JCI43158. PMC 2965577. PMID 21041956.
Hart RP, Wade JB, Martelli MF (April 2003). "Cognitive impairment in patients with chronic pain: the significance of stress". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 7 (2): 116–126. doi:10.1007/s11916-003-0021-5. PMID 12628053. S2CID 14104974.
Bruehl S, Burns JW, Chung OY, Chont M (March 2009). "Pain-related effects of trait anger expression: neural substrates and the role of endogenous opioid mechanisms". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 33 (3): 475–491. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.12.003. PMC 2756489. PMID 19146872.
Bresin K, Kling L, Verona E (2018). "The effect of acute physical pain on subsequent negative emotional affect: A meta-analysis". Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 9 (3): 273–283. doi:10.1037/per0000248. PMC 5624817. PMID 28368146.
Dallenbach KM (July 1939). "Pain: History and present status". American Journal of Psychology. 52 (3): 331–347. doi:10.2307/1416740. JSTOR 1416740.
Woolf CJ, Ma Q (August 2007). "Nociceptors – noxious stimulus detectors". Neuron. 55 (3): 353–364. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.016. PMID 17678850. S2CID 13576368.
Craig AD (2003). "Pain mechanisms: labeled lines versus convergence in central processing". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 26: 1–30. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131022. PMID 12651967. S2CID 12387848.
Romanelli P, Esposito V (July 2004). "The functional anatomy of neuropathic pain". Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. 15 (3): 257–268. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2004.02.010. PMID 15246335.
Melzack R, Wall PD (November 1965). "Pain mechanisms: a new theory" (PDF). Science. 150 (3699): 971–979. Bibcode:1965Sci...150..971M. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971. PMID 5320816. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Steinkopf L (June 2016). "An Evolutionary Perspective on Pain Communication". Evolutionary Psychology. 14 (2): 100. doi:10.1177/1474704916653964.
Fillingim RB, Loeser JD, Baron R, Edwards RR (September 2016). "Assessment of Chronic Pain: Domains, Methods, and Mechanisms". The Journal of Pain. 17 (9 Suppl): T10–20. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.010. PMC 5010652. PMID 27586827.
Kelly AM (May 2001). "The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain". Emergency Medicine Journal. 18 (3): 205–207. doi:10.1136/emj.18.3.205. PMC 1725574. PMID 11354213.
Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M (November 2011). "Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP)". Arthritis Care & Research. 63 (S11): S240–252. doi:10.1002/acr.20543. PMID 22588748.
Encandela JA (March 1993). "Social science and the study of pain since Zborowski: a need for a new agenda". Social Science & Medicine. 36 (6): 783–791. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90039-7. PMID 8480223.
Encandela JA (1997). "Social Construction of pain and aging: Individual artfulness within interpretive structures". Symbolic Interaction. 20 (3): 251–273. doi:10.1525/si.1997.20.3.251.
Panju AA, Hemmelgarn BR, Guyatt GH, Simel DL (October 1998). "The rational clinical examination. Is this patient having a myocardial infarction?". JAMA. 280 (14): 1256–1263. doi:10.1001/jama.280.14.1256. PMID 9786377.
Slater EE, DeSanctis RW (May 1976). "The clinical recognition of dissecting aortic aneurysm". The American Journal of Medicine. 60 (5): 625–633. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(76)90496-4. PMID 1020750.
Brown JE, Chatterjee N, Younger J, Mackey S (September 2011). "Towards a physiology-based measure of pain: patterns of human brain activity distinguish painful from non-painful thermal stimulation". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24124. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624124B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024124. PMC 3172232. PMID 21931652.
Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, Hansson P, Hughes R, Nurmikko T, Serra J (April 2008). "Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes". Neurology. 70 (18): 1630–1635. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000282763.29778.59. hdl:11573/97043. PMID 18003941. S2CID 30172528.
Campbell JN, Meyer RA (October 2006). "Mechanisms of neuropathic pain". Neuron. 52 (1): 77–92. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.021. PMC 1810425. PMID 17015228.
Brown AK, Christo PJ, Wu CL (December 2004). "Strategies for postoperative pain management". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 18 (4): 703–717. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2004.05.004. PMID 15460554.
Cullen L, Greiner J, Titler MG (June 2001). "Pain management in the culture of critical care". Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. 13 (2): 151–166. doi:10.1016/S0899-5885(18)30046-7. PMID 11866399.
Rupp T, Delaney KA (April 2004). "Inadequate analgesia in emergency medicine". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 43 (4): 494–503. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.11.019. PMID 15039693.
Jacobson PL, Mann JD (January 2003). "Evolving role of the neurologist in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic noncancer pain". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 78 (1): 80–84. doi:10.4065/78.1.80. PMID 12528880.
Deandrea S, Montanari M, Moja L, Apolone G (December 2008). "Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain. A review of published literature". Annals of Oncology. 19 (12): 1985–1991. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn419. PMC 2733110. PMID 18632721.
Perron V, Schonwetter RS (2001). "Assessment and management of pain in palliative care patients". Cancer Control. 8 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1177/107327480100800103. PMID 11176032.
Cleeland CS (June 1998). "Undertreatment of cancer pain in elderly patients". JAMA. 279 (23): 1914–1915. doi:10.1001/jama.279.23.1914. PMID 9634265.
Bonham VL (2001). "Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment" (PDF). The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 52–68. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00039.x. PMID 11521272. S2CID 18257031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Green CR, Anderson KO, Baker TA, Campbell LC, Decker S, Fillingim RB, Kalauokalani DA, Kaloukalani DA, Lasch KE, Myers C, Tait RC, Todd KH, Vallerand AH (September 2003). "The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain" (PDF). Pain Medicine. 4 (3): 277–294. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x. hdl:2027.42/73822. PMID 12974827. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
Hoffmann DE, Tarzian AJ (2001). "The girl who cried pain: a bias against women in the treatment of pain". The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 13–27. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00037.x. PMID 11521267. S2CID 219952180. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
Mallinson TE (2017). "A review of ketorolac as a prehospital analgesic". Journal of Paramedic Practice. 9 (12): 522–526. doi:10.12968/jpar.2017.9.12.522. Archived from the original on 5 June 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
Derry CJ, Derry S, Moore RA (December 2014). "Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12 (12): CD009281. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009281.pub3. PMC 6485702. PMID 25502052.
Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA (July 2015). "Single dose oral ibuprofen plus caffeine for acute postoperative pain in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (7): CD011509. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011509.pub2. PMC 6481458. PMID 26171993.
Karlow N, Schlaepfer CH, Stoll CR, Doering M, Carpenter CR, Colditz GA, et al. (October 2018). "A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Ketamine as an Alternative to Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department". Academic Emergency Medicine. 25 (10): 1086–1097. doi:10.1111/acem.13502. PMID 30019434.
Higgins C, Smith BH, Matthews K (June 2019). "Evidence of opioid-induced hyperalgesia in clinical populations after chronic opioid exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 122 (6): e114–e126. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2018.09.019. PMID 30915985.
Fishbain DA, Pulikal A (November 2019). "Does Opioid Tapering in Chronic Pain Patients Result in Improved Pain or Same Pain vs Increased Pain at Taper Completion? A Structured Evidence-Based Systematic Review". Pain Medicine. 20 (11): 2179–2197. doi:10.1093/pm/pny231. PMID 30597076. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
Stevens B, Yamada J, Ohlsson A, Haliburton S, Shorkey A (July 2016). "Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (2): CD001069. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001069.pub5. PMC 6457867. PMID 27420164.
Lasky RE, van Drongelen W (October 2010). "Is sucrose an effective analgesic for newborn babies?". Lancet. 376 (9748): 1201–1203. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61358-X. PMID 20817245. S2CID 18724497.
Harrison D, Stevens B, Bueno M, Yamada J, Adams-Webber T, Beyene J, Ohlsson A (June 2010). "Efficacy of sweet solutions for analgesia in infants between 1 and 12 months of age: a systematic review". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 95 (6): 406–413. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.174227. PMID 20463370.
Wark DM (July 2008). "What we can do with hypnosis: a brief note". The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 51 (1): 29–36. doi:10.1080/00029157.2008.10401640. PMID 18714889. S2CID 12240662.
Elkins G, Jensen MP, Patterson DR (July 2007). "Hypnotherapy for the management of chronic pain". The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 55 (3): 275–287. doi:10.1080/00207140701338621. PMC 2752362. PMID 17558718.
Madsen MV, Gøtzsche PC, Hróbjartsson A (January 2009). "Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups". BMJ. 338: a3115. doi:10.1136/bmj.a3115. PMC 2769056. PMID 19174438.
Chiu HY, Hsieh YJ, Tsai PS (March 2017). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture to reduce cancer-related pain". European Journal of Cancer Care. 26 (2): e12457. doi:10.1111/ecc.12457. PMID 26853524. S2CID 20096639.
Chang SC, Hsu CH, Hsu CK, Yang SS, Chang SJ (February 2017). "The efficacy of acupuncture in managing patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A systemic review and meta-analysis". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 36 (2): 474–481. doi:10.1002/nau.22958. PMID 26741647. S2CID 46827576.
Ji M, Wang X, Chen M, Shen Y, Zhang X, Yang J (2015). "The Efficacy of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Sciatica: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015: 192808. doi:10.1155/2015/192808. PMC 4575738. PMID 26425130.
Gagnier JJ, Oltean H, van Tulder MW, Berman BM, Bombardier C, Robbins CB (January 2016). "Herbal Medicine for Low Back Pain: A Cochrane Review". Spine. 41 (2): 116–133. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001310. PMID 26630428.
Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (September 2012). "Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (9): CD008880. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008880.pub2. PMC 6885055. PMID 22972127.
Straube S, Andrew Moore R, Derry S, McQuay HJ (January 2009). "Vitamin D and chronic pain". Pain. 141 (1–2): 10–13. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.010. PMID 19084336. S2CID 17244398.
Cordell WH, Keene KK, Giles BK, Jones JB, Jones JH, Brizendine EJ (May 2002). "The high prevalence of pain in emergency medical care". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 20 (3): 165–169. doi:10.1053/ajem.2002.32643. PMID 11992334.
Hasselström J, Liu-Palmgren J, Rasjö-Wrååk G (2002). "Prevalence of pain in general practice". European Journal of Pain. 6 (5): 375–385. doi:10.1016/S1090-3801(02)00025-3. PMID 12160512. S2CID 798849.
Smith AK, Cenzer IS, Knight SJ, Puntillo KA, Widera E, Williams BA, Boscardin WJ, Covinsky KE (November 2010). "The epidemiology of pain during the last 2 years of life". Annals of Internal Medicine. 153 (9): 563–569. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-9-201011020-00005. PMC 3150170. PMID 21041575.
Perquin CW, Hazebroek-Kampschreur AA, Hunfeld JA, Bohnen AM, van Suijlekom-Smit LW, Passchier J, van der Wouden JC (July 2000). "Pain in children and adolescents: a common experience". Pain. 87 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00269-4. PMID 10863045. S2CID 9813003.
Einolf C (2007). "The Fall and Rise of Torture: A Comparative and Historical Analysis". Social Theory. 25 (2): 101–121. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00300.x. JSTOR 20453071. S2CID 53345959.
Morinis A (1985). "The ritual experience: pain and the transformation of consciousness in ordeals of initiation". Ethos. 13 (2): 150–174. doi:10.1525/eth.1985.13.2.02a00040. JSTOR 639985.
Atkinson M, Young K (2001). "Flesh journeys: neo primitives and the contemporary rediscovery of radical body modification". Deviant Behavior. 22 (2): 117–146. doi:10.1080/016396201750065018. S2CID 146525156.
Narayan MC (April 2010). "Culture's effects on pain assessment and management". The American Journal of Nursing. 110 (4): 38–47. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000370157.33223.6d. PMID 20335689.
Rollin BE (June 2007). "Animal research: a moral science. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research". EMBO Reports. 8 (6): 521–525. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400996. PMC 2002540. PMID 17545990.
Griffin DR, Speck GB (January 2004). "New evidence of animal consciousness". Animal Cognition. 7 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0203-x. PMID 14658059. S2CID 8650837.
Sherwin CM (February 2001). "Can invertebrates suffer? Or, how robust is argument-by-analogy?". Animal Welfare. 10 (1): 103–118. doi:10.1017/S0962728600023551. S2CID 54126137. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
Lockwood JA (1987). "The Moral Standing of Insects and the Ethics of Extinction". The Florida Entomologist. 70 (1): 70–89. doi:10.2307/3495093. JSTOR 3495093.
DeGrazia D, Rowan A (September 1991). "Pain, suffering, and anxiety in animals and humans". Theoretical Medicine. 12 (3): 193–211. doi:10.1007/BF00489606. PMID 1754965. S2CID 34920699.
Abbott FV, Franklin KB, Westbrook FR (January 1995). "The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain. 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. PMID 7715946. S2CID 35448280.
Jones JM, Foster W, Twomey CR, Burdge J, Ahmed OM, Pereira TD, et al. (August 2020). "A machine-vision approach for automated pain measurement at millisecond timescales". eLife. 9: e57258. doi:10.7554/eLife.57258. PMC 7434442. PMID 32758355.
Draguhn, Andreas; Mallatt, Jon M.; Robinson, David G. (2021). "Anesthetics and plants: no pain, no brain, and therefore no consciousness". Protoplasma. 258 (2). Springer: 239–248. doi:10.1007/s00709-020-01550-9. PMC 7907021. PMID 32880005. 32880005.

etc.ch

"International Association for the Study of Pain: Pain Definitions". Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage Alt URL^{[permanent dead link]} Derived from Bonica JJ (June 1979). "The need of a taxonomy". Pain. 6 (3): 247–248. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90046-0. PMID 460931. S2CID 53161389.

etymonline.com

"Pain". Archived from the original on 28 July 2011 – via Online Etymology Dictionary.

fadin.org

Caraceni A, Hanks G, Kaasa S, Bennett MI, Brunelli C, Cherny N, Dale O, De Conno F, Fallon M, Hanna M, Haugen DF, Juhl G, King S, Klepstad P, Laugsand EA, Maltoni M, Mercadante S, Nabal M, Pigni A, Radbruch L, Reid C, Sjogren P, Stone PC, Tassinari D, Zeppetella G (February 2012). "Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC" (PDF). The Lancet. Oncology. 13 (2): e58–68. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70040-2. PMID 22300860. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, Hansson P, Hughes R, Nurmikko T, Serra J (April 2008). "Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes". Neurology. 70 (18): 1630–1635. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000282763.29778.59. hdl:11573/97043. PMID 18003941. S2CID 30172528.
Green CR, Anderson KO, Baker TA, Campbell LC, Decker S, Fillingim RB, Kalauokalani DA, Kaloukalani DA, Lasch KE, Myers C, Tait RC, Todd KH, Vallerand AH (September 2003). "The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain" (PDF). Pain Medicine. 4 (3): 277–294. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x. hdl:2027.42/73822. PMID 12974827. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D (April 1996). "Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 263 (1369): 377–386. Bibcode:1996RSPSB.263..377R. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0058. PMID 8637922. S2CID 4819370.
Melzack R, Wall PD (November 1965). "Pain mechanisms: a new theory" (PDF). Science. 150 (3699): 971–979. Bibcode:1965Sci...150..971M. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971. PMID 5320816. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Brown JE, Chatterjee N, Younger J, Mackey S (September 2011). "Towards a physiology-based measure of pain: patterns of human brain activity distinguish painful from non-painful thermal stimulation". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24124. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624124B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024124. PMC 3172232. PMID 21931652.

hrw.org

Human Rights Watch (2011). "Tens of Millions Face Death in Agony". Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.

iasp-pain.org

"International Association for the Study of Pain: Pain Definitions". Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage Alt URL^{[permanent dead link]} Derived from Bonica JJ (June 1979). "The need of a taxonomy". Pain. 6 (3): 247–248. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90046-0. PMID 460931. S2CID 53161389.
Delegates to the International Pain Summit of the International Association for the Study of Pain (2010). "Declaration of Montreal". Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite web}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
"IASP Position Statement on the Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Pain". iasp-pain. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

ingentaconnect.com

Sherwin CM (February 2001). "Can invertebrates suffer? Or, how robust is argument-by-analogy?". Animal Welfare. 10 (1): 103–118. doi:10.1017/S0962728600023551. S2CID 54126137. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

jstor.org

Dallenbach KM (July 1939). "Pain: History and present status". American Journal of Psychology. 52 (3): 331–347. doi:10.2307/1416740. JSTOR 1416740.
Einolf C (2007). "The Fall and Rise of Torture: A Comparative and Historical Analysis". Social Theory. 25 (2): 101–121. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00300.x. JSTOR 20453071. S2CID 53345959.
Morinis A (1985). "The ritual experience: pain and the transformation of consciousness in ordeals of initiation". Ethos. 13 (2): 150–174. doi:10.1525/eth.1985.13.2.02a00040. JSTOR 639985.
Lockwood JA (1987). "The Moral Standing of Insects and the Ethics of Extinction". The Florida Entomologist. 70 (1): 70–89. doi:10.2307/3495093. JSTOR 3495093.

medicalnewstoday.com

Paddock C (15 September 2011). "Tool That Measures Pain Objectively Under Way". Medical News Today. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, Finnerup NB, Flor H, Gibson S, et al. (September 2020). "The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises". Pain. 161 (9): 1976–1982. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939. PMC 7680716. PMID 32694387.
Debono DJ, Hoeksema LJ, Hobbs RD (August 2013). "Caring for patients with chronic pain: pearls and pitfalls". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 113 (8): 620–7. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2013.023. PMID 23918913.
Turk DC, Dworkin RH (2004). "What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials?". Arthritis Research & Therapy. 6 (4): 151–4. doi:10.1186/ar1196. PMC 464897. PMID 15225358.
Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, Kvarstein G, Stubhaug A (July 2008). "Assessment of pain". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 101 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1093/bja/aen103. PMID 18487245.
Moore RA, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Maguire T, Roy YM, Tyrrell L (November 2015). "Non-prescription (OTC) oral analgesics for acute pain – an overview of Cochrane reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD010794. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010794.pub2. PMC 6485506. PMID 26544675.
Garland EL, Brintz CE, Hanley AW, Roseen EJ, Atchley RM, Gaylord SA, et al. (January 2020). "Mind-Body Therapies for Opioid-Treated Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (1): 91–105. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4917. PMC 6830441. PMID 31682676.
Lavoie, Anne; Toledo, Paloma (1 September 2013). "Multimodal Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia". Clinics in Perinatology. Pain Management in the Peripartum Period. 40 (3): 443–455. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2013.05.008. ISSN 0095-5108. PMID 23972750.
Jensen TS, Finnerup NB (September 2014). "Allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain: clinical manifestations and mechanisms". The Lancet. Neurology. 13 (9): 924–935. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70102-4. PMID 25142459. S2CID 25011309.
Lolignier S, Eijkelkamp N, Wood JN (January 2015). "Mechanical allodynia". Pflügers Archiv. 467 (1): 133–139. doi:10.1007/s00424-014-1532-0. PMC 4281368. PMID 24846747.
Kooijman CM, Dijkstra PU, Geertzen JH, Elzinga A, van der Schans CP (July 2000). "Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study". Pain. 87 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00264-5. PMID 10863043. S2CID 7565030.^{[permanent dead link]}
Jensen TS, Krebs B, Nielsen J, Rasmussen P (November 1983). "Phantom limb, phantom pain and stump pain in amputees during the first 6 months following limb amputation". Pain. 17 (3): 243–256. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90097-0. PMID 6657285. S2CID 10304696.
Jensen TS, Krebs B, Nielsen J, Rasmussen P (March 1985). "Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain". Pain. 21 (3): 267–278. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90090-9. PMID 3991231. S2CID 24358789.
Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D (April 1996). "Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 263 (1369): 377–386. Bibcode:1996RSPSB.263..377R. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0058. PMID 8637922. S2CID 4819370.
Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Chaudhary P, Rana SP (January 2009). "Breakthrough cancer pain: review of prevalence, characteristics and management". Indian Journal of Palliative Care. 15 (1): 14–18. doi:10.4103/0973-1075.53506. PMC 2886208. PMID 20606850.
Caraceni A, Hanks G, Kaasa S, Bennett MI, Brunelli C, Cherny N, Dale O, De Conno F, Fallon M, Hanna M, Haugen DF, Juhl G, King S, Klepstad P, Laugsand EA, Maltoni M, Mercadante S, Nabal M, Pigni A, Radbruch L, Reid C, Sjogren P, Stone PC, Tassinari D, Zeppetella G (February 2012). "Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC" (PDF). The Lancet. Oncology. 13 (2): e58–68. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70040-2. PMID 22300860. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
"International Association for the Study of Pain: Pain Definitions". Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage Alt URL^{[permanent dead link]} Derived from Bonica JJ (June 1979). "The need of a taxonomy". Pain. 6 (3): 247–248. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90046-0. PMID 460931. S2CID 53161389.
Nagasako EM, Oaklander AL, Dworkin RH (February 2003). "Congenital insensitivity to pain: an update". Pain. 101 (3): 213–219. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00482-7. PMID 12583863. S2CID 206055264.
Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Deery HG, Embil JM, Joseph WS, Karchmer AW, LeFrock JL, Lew DP, Mader JT, Norden C, Tan JS (October 2004). "Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (7): 885–910. doi:10.1086/424846. PMID 15472838.
Axelrod FB, Hilz MJ (December 2003). "Inherited autonomic neuropathies". Seminars in Neurology. 23 (4): 381–390. doi:10.1055/s-2004-817722. PMID 15088259. S2CID 260317729.
Raouf R, Quick K, Wood JN (November 2010). "Pain as a channelopathy". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120 (11): 3745–3752. doi:10.1172/JCI43158. PMC 2965577. PMID 21041956.
Hart RP, Wade JB, Martelli MF (April 2003). "Cognitive impairment in patients with chronic pain: the significance of stress". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 7 (2): 116–126. doi:10.1007/s11916-003-0021-5. PMID 12628053. S2CID 14104974.
Bruehl S, Burns JW, Chung OY, Chont M (March 2009). "Pain-related effects of trait anger expression: neural substrates and the role of endogenous opioid mechanisms". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 33 (3): 475–491. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.12.003. PMC 2756489. PMID 19146872.
Bresin K, Kling L, Verona E (2018). "The effect of acute physical pain on subsequent negative emotional affect: A meta-analysis". Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 9 (3): 273–283. doi:10.1037/per0000248. PMC 5624817. PMID 28368146.
Woolf CJ, Ma Q (August 2007). "Nociceptors – noxious stimulus detectors". Neuron. 55 (3): 353–364. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.016. PMID 17678850. S2CID 13576368.
Craig AD (2003). "Pain mechanisms: labeled lines versus convergence in central processing". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 26: 1–30. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131022. PMID 12651967. S2CID 12387848.
Romanelli P, Esposito V (July 2004). "The functional anatomy of neuropathic pain". Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. 15 (3): 257–268. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2004.02.010. PMID 15246335.
Melzack R, Wall PD (November 1965). "Pain mechanisms: a new theory" (PDF). Science. 150 (3699): 971–979. Bibcode:1965Sci...150..971M. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971. PMID 5320816. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Fillingim RB, Loeser JD, Baron R, Edwards RR (September 2016). "Assessment of Chronic Pain: Domains, Methods, and Mechanisms". The Journal of Pain. 17 (9 Suppl): T10–20. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.010. PMC 5010652. PMID 27586827.
Prkachin KM, Solomon PE, Ross J (June 2007). "Underestimation of pain by health-care providers: towards a model of the process of inferring pain in others". The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research. 39 (2): 88–106. PMID 17679587.
Kelly AM (May 2001). "The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain". Emergency Medicine Journal. 18 (3): 205–207. doi:10.1136/emj.18.3.205. PMC 1725574. PMID 11354213.
Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M (November 2011). "Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP)". Arthritis Care & Research. 63 (S11): S240–252. doi:10.1002/acr.20543. PMID 22588748.
Encandela JA (March 1993). "Social science and the study of pain since Zborowski: a need for a new agenda". Social Science & Medicine. 36 (6): 783–791. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90039-7. PMID 8480223.
Panju AA, Hemmelgarn BR, Guyatt GH, Simel DL (October 1998). "The rational clinical examination. Is this patient having a myocardial infarction?". JAMA. 280 (14): 1256–1263. doi:10.1001/jama.280.14.1256. PMID 9786377.
Slater EE, DeSanctis RW (May 1976). "The clinical recognition of dissecting aortic aneurysm". The American Journal of Medicine. 60 (5): 625–633. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(76)90496-4. PMID 1020750.
Brown JE, Chatterjee N, Younger J, Mackey S (September 2011). "Towards a physiology-based measure of pain: patterns of human brain activity distinguish painful from non-painful thermal stimulation". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24124. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624124B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024124. PMC 3172232. PMID 21931652.
Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, Hansson P, Hughes R, Nurmikko T, Serra J (April 2008). "Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes". Neurology. 70 (18): 1630–1635. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000282763.29778.59. hdl:11573/97043. PMID 18003941. S2CID 30172528.
Paice JA (2003). "Mechanisms and management of neuropathic pain in cancer" (PDF). The Journal of Supportive Oncology. 1 (2): 107–120. PMID 15352654. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Campbell JN, Meyer RA (October 2006). "Mechanisms of neuropathic pain". Neuron. 52 (1): 77–92. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.021. PMC 1810425. PMID 17015228.
Brown AK, Christo PJ, Wu CL (December 2004). "Strategies for postoperative pain management". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 18 (4): 703–717. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2004.05.004. PMID 15460554.
Cullen L, Greiner J, Titler MG (June 2001). "Pain management in the culture of critical care". Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. 13 (2): 151–166. doi:10.1016/S0899-5885(18)30046-7. PMID 11866399.
Rupp T, Delaney KA (April 2004). "Inadequate analgesia in emergency medicine". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 43 (4): 494–503. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.11.019. PMID 15039693.
Smith GF, Toonen TR (April 2007). "Primary care of the patient with cancer". American Family Physician. 75 (8): 1207–1214. PMID 17477104.
Jacobson PL, Mann JD (January 2003). "Evolving role of the neurologist in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic noncancer pain". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 78 (1): 80–84. doi:10.4065/78.1.80. PMID 12528880.
Deandrea S, Montanari M, Moja L, Apolone G (December 2008). "Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain. A review of published literature". Annals of Oncology. 19 (12): 1985–1991. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn419. PMC 2733110. PMID 18632721.
Perron V, Schonwetter RS (2001). "Assessment and management of pain in palliative care patients". Cancer Control. 8 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1177/107327480100800103. PMID 11176032.
Cleeland CS (June 1998). "Undertreatment of cancer pain in elderly patients". JAMA. 279 (23): 1914–1915. doi:10.1001/jama.279.23.1914. PMID 9634265.
Bonham VL (2001). "Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment" (PDF). The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 52–68. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00039.x. PMID 11521272. S2CID 18257031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Green CR, Anderson KO, Baker TA, Campbell LC, Decker S, Fillingim RB, Kalauokalani DA, Kaloukalani DA, Lasch KE, Myers C, Tait RC, Todd KH, Vallerand AH (September 2003). "The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain" (PDF). Pain Medicine. 4 (3): 277–294. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x. hdl:2027.42/73822. PMID 12974827. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
Hoffmann DE, Tarzian AJ (2001). "The girl who cried pain: a bias against women in the treatment of pain". The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 13–27. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00037.x. PMID 11521267. S2CID 219952180. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
Derry CJ, Derry S, Moore RA (December 2014). "Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12 (12): CD009281. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009281.pub3. PMC 6485702. PMID 25502052.
Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA (July 2015). "Single dose oral ibuprofen plus caffeine for acute postoperative pain in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (7): CD011509. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011509.pub2. PMC 6481458. PMID 26171993.
Karlow N, Schlaepfer CH, Stoll CR, Doering M, Carpenter CR, Colditz GA, et al. (October 2018). "A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Ketamine as an Alternative to Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department". Academic Emergency Medicine. 25 (10): 1086–1097. doi:10.1111/acem.13502. PMID 30019434.
Higgins C, Smith BH, Matthews K (June 2019). "Evidence of opioid-induced hyperalgesia in clinical populations after chronic opioid exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 122 (6): e114–e126. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2018.09.019. PMID 30915985.
Fishbain DA, Pulikal A (November 2019). "Does Opioid Tapering in Chronic Pain Patients Result in Improved Pain or Same Pain vs Increased Pain at Taper Completion? A Structured Evidence-Based Systematic Review". Pain Medicine. 20 (11): 2179–2197. doi:10.1093/pm/pny231. PMID 30597076. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
Stevens B, Yamada J, Ohlsson A, Haliburton S, Shorkey A (July 2016). "Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (2): CD001069. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001069.pub5. PMC 6457867. PMID 27420164.
Lasky RE, van Drongelen W (October 2010). "Is sucrose an effective analgesic for newborn babies?". Lancet. 376 (9748): 1201–1203. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61358-X. PMID 20817245. S2CID 18724497.
Harrison D, Stevens B, Bueno M, Yamada J, Adams-Webber T, Beyene J, Ohlsson A (June 2010). "Efficacy of sweet solutions for analgesia in infants between 1 and 12 months of age: a systematic review". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 95 (6): 406–413. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.174227. PMID 20463370.
Wark DM (July 2008). "What we can do with hypnosis: a brief note". The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 51 (1): 29–36. doi:10.1080/00029157.2008.10401640. PMID 18714889. S2CID 12240662.
Elkins G, Jensen MP, Patterson DR (July 2007). "Hypnotherapy for the management of chronic pain". The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 55 (3): 275–287. doi:10.1080/00207140701338621. PMC 2752362. PMID 17558718.
Madsen MV, Gøtzsche PC, Hróbjartsson A (January 2009). "Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups". BMJ. 338: a3115. doi:10.1136/bmj.a3115. PMC 2769056. PMID 19174438.
Chiu HY, Hsieh YJ, Tsai PS (March 2017). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture to reduce cancer-related pain". European Journal of Cancer Care. 26 (2): e12457. doi:10.1111/ecc.12457. PMID 26853524. S2CID 20096639.
Chang SC, Hsu CH, Hsu CK, Yang SS, Chang SJ (February 2017). "The efficacy of acupuncture in managing patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A systemic review and meta-analysis". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 36 (2): 474–481. doi:10.1002/nau.22958. PMID 26741647. S2CID 46827576.
Ji M, Wang X, Chen M, Shen Y, Zhang X, Yang J (2015). "The Efficacy of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Sciatica: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015: 192808. doi:10.1155/2015/192808. PMC 4575738. PMID 26425130.
Gagnier JJ, Oltean H, van Tulder MW, Berman BM, Bombardier C, Robbins CB (January 2016). "Herbal Medicine for Low Back Pain: A Cochrane Review". Spine. 41 (2): 116–133. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001310. PMID 26630428.
Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (September 2012). "Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (9): CD008880. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008880.pub2. PMC 6885055. PMID 22972127.
Straube S, Andrew Moore R, Derry S, McQuay HJ (January 2009). "Vitamin D and chronic pain". Pain. 141 (1–2): 10–13. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.010. PMID 19084336. S2CID 17244398.
Cordell WH, Keene KK, Giles BK, Jones JB, Jones JH, Brizendine EJ (May 2002). "The high prevalence of pain in emergency medical care". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 20 (3): 165–169. doi:10.1053/ajem.2002.32643. PMID 11992334.
Hasselström J, Liu-Palmgren J, Rasjö-Wrååk G (2002). "Prevalence of pain in general practice". European Journal of Pain. 6 (5): 375–385. doi:10.1016/S1090-3801(02)00025-3. PMID 12160512. S2CID 798849.
Abu-Saad Huijer H (2010). "Chronic pain: a review". Le Journal Medical Libanais. The Lebanese Medical Journal. 58 (1): 21–27. PMID 20358856.
Smith AK, Cenzer IS, Knight SJ, Puntillo KA, Widera E, Williams BA, Boscardin WJ, Covinsky KE (November 2010). "The epidemiology of pain during the last 2 years of life". Annals of Internal Medicine. 153 (9): 563–569. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-9-201011020-00005. PMC 3150170. PMID 21041575.
Perquin CW, Hazebroek-Kampschreur AA, Hunfeld JA, Bohnen AM, van Suijlekom-Smit LW, Passchier J, van der Wouden JC (July 2000). "Pain in children and adolescents: a common experience". Pain. 87 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00269-4. PMID 10863045. S2CID 9813003.
Narayan MC (April 2010). "Culture's effects on pain assessment and management". The American Journal of Nursing. 110 (4): 38–47. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000370157.33223.6d. PMID 20335689.
Rollin BE (June 2007). "Animal research: a moral science. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research". EMBO Reports. 8 (6): 521–525. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400996. PMC 2002540. PMID 17545990.
Griffin DR, Speck GB (January 2004). "New evidence of animal consciousness". Animal Cognition. 7 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0203-x. PMID 14658059. S2CID 8650837.
DeGrazia D, Rowan A (September 1991). "Pain, suffering, and anxiety in animals and humans". Theoretical Medicine. 12 (3): 193–211. doi:10.1007/BF00489606. PMID 1754965. S2CID 34920699.
Abbott FV, Franklin KB, Westbrook FR (January 1995). "The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain. 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. PMID 7715946. S2CID 35448280.
Jones JM, Foster W, Twomey CR, Burdge J, Ahmed OM, Pereira TD, et al. (August 2020). "A machine-vision approach for automated pain measurement at millisecond timescales". eLife. 9: e57258. doi:10.7554/eLife.57258. PMC 7434442. PMID 32758355.
Draguhn, Andreas; Mallatt, Jon M.; Robinson, David G. (2021). "Anesthetics and plants: no pain, no brain, and therefore no consciousness". Protoplasma. 258 (2). Springer: 239–248. doi:10.1007/s00709-020-01550-9. PMC 7907021. PMID 32880005. 32880005.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, Finnerup NB, Flor H, Gibson S, et al. (September 2020). "The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises". Pain. 161 (9): 1976–1982. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939. PMC 7680716. PMID 32694387.
Turk DC, Dworkin RH (2004). "What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials?". Arthritis Research & Therapy. 6 (4): 151–4. doi:10.1186/ar1196. PMC 464897. PMID 15225358.
Moore RA, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Maguire T, Roy YM, Tyrrell L (November 2015). "Non-prescription (OTC) oral analgesics for acute pain – an overview of Cochrane reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD010794. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010794.pub2. PMC 6485506. PMID 26544675.
Garland EL, Brintz CE, Hanley AW, Roseen EJ, Atchley RM, Gaylord SA, et al. (January 2020). "Mind-Body Therapies for Opioid-Treated Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (1): 91–105. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4917. PMC 6830441. PMID 31682676.
Lolignier S, Eijkelkamp N, Wood JN (January 2015). "Mechanical allodynia". Pflügers Archiv. 467 (1): 133–139. doi:10.1007/s00424-014-1532-0. PMC 4281368. PMID 24846747.
Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Chaudhary P, Rana SP (January 2009). "Breakthrough cancer pain: review of prevalence, characteristics and management". Indian Journal of Palliative Care. 15 (1): 14–18. doi:10.4103/0973-1075.53506. PMC 2886208. PMID 20606850.
Raouf R, Quick K, Wood JN (November 2010). "Pain as a channelopathy". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120 (11): 3745–3752. doi:10.1172/JCI43158. PMC 2965577. PMID 21041956.
Bruehl S, Burns JW, Chung OY, Chont M (March 2009). "Pain-related effects of trait anger expression: neural substrates and the role of endogenous opioid mechanisms". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 33 (3): 475–491. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.12.003. PMC 2756489. PMID 19146872.
Bresin K, Kling L, Verona E (2018). "The effect of acute physical pain on subsequent negative emotional affect: A meta-analysis". Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 9 (3): 273–283. doi:10.1037/per0000248. PMC 5624817. PMID 28368146.
Fillingim RB, Loeser JD, Baron R, Edwards RR (September 2016). "Assessment of Chronic Pain: Domains, Methods, and Mechanisms". The Journal of Pain. 17 (9 Suppl): T10–20. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.010. PMC 5010652. PMID 27586827.
Kelly AM (May 2001). "The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain". Emergency Medicine Journal. 18 (3): 205–207. doi:10.1136/emj.18.3.205. PMC 1725574. PMID 11354213.
Brown JE, Chatterjee N, Younger J, Mackey S (September 2011). "Towards a physiology-based measure of pain: patterns of human brain activity distinguish painful from non-painful thermal stimulation". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24124. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624124B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024124. PMC 3172232. PMID 21931652.
Campbell JN, Meyer RA (October 2006). "Mechanisms of neuropathic pain". Neuron. 52 (1): 77–92. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.021. PMC 1810425. PMID 17015228.
Deandrea S, Montanari M, Moja L, Apolone G (December 2008). "Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain. A review of published literature". Annals of Oncology. 19 (12): 1985–1991. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn419. PMC 2733110. PMID 18632721.
Derry CJ, Derry S, Moore RA (December 2014). "Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12 (12): CD009281. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009281.pub3. PMC 6485702. PMID 25502052.
Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA (July 2015). "Single dose oral ibuprofen plus caffeine for acute postoperative pain in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (7): CD011509. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011509.pub2. PMC 6481458. PMID 26171993.
Stevens B, Yamada J, Ohlsson A, Haliburton S, Shorkey A (July 2016). "Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (2): CD001069. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001069.pub5. PMC 6457867. PMID 27420164.
Elkins G, Jensen MP, Patterson DR (July 2007). "Hypnotherapy for the management of chronic pain". The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 55 (3): 275–287. doi:10.1080/00207140701338621. PMC 2752362. PMID 17558718.
Madsen MV, Gøtzsche PC, Hróbjartsson A (January 2009). "Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups". BMJ. 338: a3115. doi:10.1136/bmj.a3115. PMC 2769056. PMID 19174438.
Ji M, Wang X, Chen M, Shen Y, Zhang X, Yang J (2015). "The Efficacy of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Sciatica: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015: 192808. doi:10.1155/2015/192808. PMC 4575738. PMID 26425130.
Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (September 2012). "Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (9): CD008880. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008880.pub2. PMC 6885055. PMID 22972127.
Smith AK, Cenzer IS, Knight SJ, Puntillo KA, Widera E, Williams BA, Boscardin WJ, Covinsky KE (November 2010). "The epidemiology of pain during the last 2 years of life". Annals of Internal Medicine. 153 (9): 563–569. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-9-201011020-00005. PMC 3150170. PMID 21041575.
Rollin BE (June 2007). "Animal research: a moral science. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research". EMBO Reports. 8 (6): 521–525. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400996. PMC 2002540. PMID 17545990.
Jones JM, Foster W, Twomey CR, Burdge J, Ahmed OM, Pereira TD, et al. (August 2020). "A machine-vision approach for automated pain measurement at millisecond timescales". eLife. 9: e57258. doi:10.7554/eLife.57258. PMC 7434442. PMID 32758355.
Draguhn, Andreas; Mallatt, Jon M.; Robinson, David G. (2021). "Anesthetics and plants: no pain, no brain, and therefore no consciousness". Protoplasma. 258 (2). Springer: 239–248. doi:10.1007/s00709-020-01550-9. PMC 7907021. PMID 32880005. 32880005.

nsw.gov.au

hnehealth.nsw.gov.au

Melzack R, Wall PD (November 1965). "Pain mechanisms: a new theory" (PDF). Science. 150 (3699): 971–979. Bibcode:1965Sci...150..971M. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971. PMID 5320816. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)

nytimes.com

Epstein R (19 March 2018). "When Doctors Don't Listen to Women". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.

painandthelaw.org

Bonham VL (2001). "Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment" (PDF). The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 52–68. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00039.x. PMID 11521272. S2CID 18257031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)

researchgate.net

Melzack, Ronald; Casey, Kenneth (1968). "Sensory, Motivational, and Central Control Determinants of Pain". In Kenshalo, Dan (ed.). The Skin Senses. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas.
Mallinson TE (2017). "A review of ketorolac as a prehospital analgesic". Journal of Paramedic Practice. 9 (12): 522–526. doi:10.12968/jpar.2017.9.12.522. Archived from the original on 5 June 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.

reuters.com

"Feeling pain? The computer can tell". Reuters. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2017. Editorial

rug.nl

research.rug.nl

Kooijman CM, Dijkstra PU, Geertzen JH, Elzinga A, van der Schans CP (July 2000). "Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study". Pain. 87 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00264-5. PMID 10863043. S2CID 7565030.^{[permanent dead link]}

sciencedirect.com

Lavoie, Anne; Toledo, Paloma (1 September 2013). "Multimodal Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia". Clinics in Perinatology. Pain Management in the Peripartum Period. 40 (3): 443–455. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2013.05.008. ISSN 0095-5108. PMID 23972750.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Jensen TS, Finnerup NB (September 2014). "Allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain: clinical manifestations and mechanisms". The Lancet. Neurology. 13 (9): 924–935. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70102-4. PMID 25142459. S2CID 25011309.
Kooijman CM, Dijkstra PU, Geertzen JH, Elzinga A, van der Schans CP (July 2000). "Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study". Pain. 87 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00264-5. PMID 10863043. S2CID 7565030.^{[permanent dead link]}
Jensen TS, Krebs B, Nielsen J, Rasmussen P (November 1983). "Phantom limb, phantom pain and stump pain in amputees during the first 6 months following limb amputation". Pain. 17 (3): 243–256. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90097-0. PMID 6657285. S2CID 10304696.
Jensen TS, Krebs B, Nielsen J, Rasmussen P (March 1985). "Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain". Pain. 21 (3): 267–278. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90090-9. PMID 3991231. S2CID 24358789.
Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D (April 1996). "Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 263 (1369): 377–386. Bibcode:1996RSPSB.263..377R. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0058. PMID 8637922. S2CID 4819370.
"International Association for the Study of Pain: Pain Definitions". Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage Alt URL^{[permanent dead link]} Derived from Bonica JJ (June 1979). "The need of a taxonomy". Pain. 6 (3): 247–248. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90046-0. PMID 460931. S2CID 53161389.
Nagasako EM, Oaklander AL, Dworkin RH (February 2003). "Congenital insensitivity to pain: an update". Pain. 101 (3): 213–219. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00482-7. PMID 12583863. S2CID 206055264.
Axelrod FB, Hilz MJ (December 2003). "Inherited autonomic neuropathies". Seminars in Neurology. 23 (4): 381–390. doi:10.1055/s-2004-817722. PMID 15088259. S2CID 260317729.
Hart RP, Wade JB, Martelli MF (April 2003). "Cognitive impairment in patients with chronic pain: the significance of stress". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 7 (2): 116–126. doi:10.1007/s11916-003-0021-5. PMID 12628053. S2CID 14104974.
Woolf CJ, Ma Q (August 2007). "Nociceptors – noxious stimulus detectors". Neuron. 55 (3): 353–364. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.016. PMID 17678850. S2CID 13576368.
Craig AD (2003). "Pain mechanisms: labeled lines versus convergence in central processing". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 26: 1–30. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131022. PMID 12651967. S2CID 12387848.
Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, Hansson P, Hughes R, Nurmikko T, Serra J (April 2008). "Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes". Neurology. 70 (18): 1630–1635. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000282763.29778.59. hdl:11573/97043. PMID 18003941. S2CID 30172528.
Bonham VL (2001). "Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment" (PDF). The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 52–68. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00039.x. PMID 11521272. S2CID 18257031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Hoffmann DE, Tarzian AJ (2001). "The girl who cried pain: a bias against women in the treatment of pain". The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 13–27. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00037.x. PMID 11521267. S2CID 219952180. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
Lasky RE, van Drongelen W (October 2010). "Is sucrose an effective analgesic for newborn babies?". Lancet. 376 (9748): 1201–1203. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61358-X. PMID 20817245. S2CID 18724497.
Wark DM (July 2008). "What we can do with hypnosis: a brief note". The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 51 (1): 29–36. doi:10.1080/00029157.2008.10401640. PMID 18714889. S2CID 12240662.
Chiu HY, Hsieh YJ, Tsai PS (March 2017). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture to reduce cancer-related pain". European Journal of Cancer Care. 26 (2): e12457. doi:10.1111/ecc.12457. PMID 26853524. S2CID 20096639.
Chang SC, Hsu CH, Hsu CK, Yang SS, Chang SJ (February 2017). "The efficacy of acupuncture in managing patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A systemic review and meta-analysis". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 36 (2): 474–481. doi:10.1002/nau.22958. PMID 26741647. S2CID 46827576.
Straube S, Andrew Moore R, Derry S, McQuay HJ (January 2009). "Vitamin D and chronic pain". Pain. 141 (1–2): 10–13. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.010. PMID 19084336. S2CID 17244398.
Hasselström J, Liu-Palmgren J, Rasjö-Wrååk G (2002). "Prevalence of pain in general practice". European Journal of Pain. 6 (5): 375–385. doi:10.1016/S1090-3801(02)00025-3. PMID 12160512. S2CID 798849.
Perquin CW, Hazebroek-Kampschreur AA, Hunfeld JA, Bohnen AM, van Suijlekom-Smit LW, Passchier J, van der Wouden JC (July 2000). "Pain in children and adolescents: a common experience". Pain. 87 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00269-4. PMID 10863045. S2CID 9813003.
Einolf C (2007). "The Fall and Rise of Torture: A Comparative and Historical Analysis". Social Theory. 25 (2): 101–121. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00300.x. JSTOR 20453071. S2CID 53345959.
Atkinson M, Young K (2001). "Flesh journeys: neo primitives and the contemporary rediscovery of radical body modification". Deviant Behavior. 22 (2): 117–146. doi:10.1080/016396201750065018. S2CID 146525156.
Griffin DR, Speck GB (January 2004). "New evidence of animal consciousness". Animal Cognition. 7 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0203-x. PMID 14658059. S2CID 8650837.
Sherwin CM (February 2001). "Can invertebrates suffer? Or, how robust is argument-by-analogy?". Animal Welfare. 10 (1): 103–118. doi:10.1017/S0962728600023551. S2CID 54126137. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
DeGrazia D, Rowan A (September 1991). "Pain, suffering, and anxiety in animals and humans". Theoretical Medicine. 12 (3): 193–211. doi:10.1007/BF00489606. PMID 1754965. S2CID 34920699.
Abbott FV, Franklin KB, Westbrook FR (January 1995). "The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain. 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. PMID 7715946. S2CID 35448280.

sencanada.ca

"Do Invertebrates Feel Pain?". The Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs. The Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2008.

supportiveoncology.net

Paice JA (2003). "Mechanisms and management of neuropathic pain in cancer" (PDF). The Journal of Supportive Oncology. 1 (2): 107–120. PMID 15352654. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)

theatlantic.com

Fasslet J (15 October 2015). "How Doctors Take Women's Pain Less Seriously". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
"Stories of Misunderstanding Women's Pain". The Atlantic. 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Lewis CT, Short C. "Poena". A Latin Dictionary. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Liddell HG, Scott R. "ποινή". A Greek-English Lexicon. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011 – via Perseus Digital Library.

umaryland.edu

digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu

Hoffmann DE, Tarzian AJ (2001). "The girl who cried pain: a bias against women in the treatment of pain". The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 13–27. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00037.x. PMID 11521267. S2CID 219952180. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.

umich.edu

deepblue.lib.umich.edu

Green CR, Anderson KO, Baker TA, Campbell LC, Decker S, Fillingim RB, Kalauokalani DA, Kaloukalani DA, Lasch KE, Myers C, Tait RC, Todd KH, Vallerand AH (September 2003). "The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain" (PDF). Pain Medicine. 4 (3): 277–294. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x. hdl:2027.42/73822. PMID 12974827. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

uni-oldenburg.de

docserver.bis.uni-oldenburg.de

Grahek N (2007). Feeling pain and being in pain (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262517324. Archived from the original on 27 September 2008.

web.archive.org

Raj PP (2007). "Taxonomy and classification of pain". In: The Handbook of Chronic Pain. Nova Biomedical Books. ISBN 9781600210440. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
Lewis CT, Short C. "Poena". A Latin Dictionary. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Liddell HG, Scott R. "ποινή". A Greek-English Lexicon. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011 – via Perseus Digital Library.
"Pain". Archived from the original on 28 July 2011 – via Online Etymology Dictionary.
Caraceni A, Hanks G, Kaasa S, Bennett MI, Brunelli C, Cherny N, Dale O, De Conno F, Fallon M, Hanna M, Haugen DF, Juhl G, King S, Klepstad P, Laugsand EA, Maltoni M, Mercadante S, Nabal M, Pigni A, Radbruch L, Reid C, Sjogren P, Stone PC, Tassinari D, Zeppetella G (February 2012). "Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC" (PDF). The Lancet. Oncology. 13 (2): e58–68. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70040-2. PMID 22300860. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
"International Association for the Study of Pain: Pain Definitions". Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage Alt URL^{[permanent dead link]} Derived from Bonica JJ (June 1979). "The need of a taxonomy". Pain. 6 (3): 247–248. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90046-0. PMID 460931. S2CID 53161389.
"International Association for the Study of Pain | Pain Definitions".. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
Grahek N (2007). Feeling pain and being in pain (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262517324. Archived from the original on 27 September 2008.
Melzack R, Wall PD (November 1965). "Pain mechanisms: a new theory" (PDF). Science. 150 (3699): 971–979. Bibcode:1965Sci...150..971M. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971. PMID 5320816. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Lynn B (1984). "Cutaneous nociceptors". In Winlow W, Holden AV (eds.). The neurobiology of pain: Symposium of the Northern Neurobiology Group, held at Leeds on 18 April 1983. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0719009969. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
Bernston GG, Cacioppo JT (2007). "The neuroevolution of motivation". In Gardner WL, Shah JY (eds.). Handbook of Motivation Science. New York: The Guilford Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-1593855680. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
Epstein R (19 March 2018). "When Doctors Don't Listen to Women". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
Fasslet J (15 October 2015). "How Doctors Take Women's Pain Less Seriously". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
"Stories of Misunderstanding Women's Pain". The Atlantic. 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
Paddock C (15 September 2011). "Tool That Measures Pain Objectively Under Way". Medical News Today. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
"Feeling pain? The computer can tell". Reuters. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2017. Editorial
Paice JA (2003). "Mechanisms and management of neuropathic pain in cancer" (PDF). The Journal of Supportive Oncology. 1 (2): 107–120. PMID 15352654. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Selbst SM, Fein JA (2006). "Sedation and analgesia". In Henretig FM, Fleisher GR, Ludwig S (eds.). Textbook of pediatric emergency medicine. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1605471594. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
Bonham VL (2001). "Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment" (PDF). The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 52–68. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00039.x. PMID 11521272. S2CID 18257031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Green CR, Anderson KO, Baker TA, Campbell LC, Decker S, Fillingim RB, Kalauokalani DA, Kaloukalani DA, Lasch KE, Myers C, Tait RC, Todd KH, Vallerand AH (September 2003). "The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain" (PDF). Pain Medicine. 4 (3): 277–294. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x. hdl:2027.42/73822. PMID 12974827. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
Hoffmann DE, Tarzian AJ (2001). "The girl who cried pain: a bias against women in the treatment of pain". The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 29 (1): 13–27. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00037.x. PMID 11521267. S2CID 219952180. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
Delegates to the International Pain Summit of the International Association for the Study of Pain (2010). "Declaration of Montreal". Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite web}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation". Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite web}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
Human Rights Watch (2011). "Tens of Millions Face Death in Agony". Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Mallinson TE (2017). "A review of ketorolac as a prehospital analgesic". Journal of Paramedic Practice. 9 (12): 522–526. doi:10.12968/jpar.2017.9.12.522. Archived from the original on 5 June 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
Fishbain DA, Pulikal A (November 2019). "Does Opioid Tapering in Chronic Pain Patients Result in Improved Pain or Same Pain vs Increased Pain at Taper Completion? A Structured Evidence-Based Systematic Review". Pain Medicine. 20 (11): 2179–2197. doi:10.1093/pm/pny231. PMID 30597076. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
Working party of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2005). "The ethics of research involving animals. London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics." ISBN 978-1904384106. Archived from the original on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
Sherwin CM (February 2001). "Can invertebrates suffer? Or, how robust is argument-by-analogy?". Animal Welfare. 10 (1): 103–118. doi:10.1017/S0962728600023551. S2CID 54126137. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
"Do Invertebrates Feel Pain?". The Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs. The Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
Smith JA (1991). "A Question of Pain in Invertebrates". Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Journal. 33: 1–2. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011.

wikiwix.com

archive.wikiwix.com

"Psychogenic Pain". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2017.

worldcat.org

Cervero F (2012). Understanding Pain : Exploring the Perception of Pain. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. pp. Chapter 1. ISBN 9780262305433. OCLC 809043366.
Lavoie, Anne; Toledo, Paloma (1 September 2013). "Multimodal Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia". Clinics in Perinatology. Pain Management in the Peripartum Period. 40 (3): 443–455. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2013.05.008. ISSN 0095-5108. PMID 23972750.
Lewis SM, Bucher L, Heitkemper MM, Harding M (2017). Medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems (10th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. p. 126. ISBN 978-0323328524. OCLC 944472408.