Pain in amphibians (English Wikipedia)

Michaels, C.J.; Downie, J.R.; Campbell-Palmer, R. (2014). "The importance of enrichment for advancing amphibian welfare and conservation goals" (PDF). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation. 8 (1): 7–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-03.

animalstudiesrepository.org

Brown, C. (2015). "Fish intelligence, sentience and ethics". Animal Cognition. 18 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0761-0. PMID 24942105. S2CID 207050888.
Sneddon, L.U. (2004). "Evolution of nociception in vertebrates: comparative analysis of lower vertebrates". Brain Research Reviews. 46 (2): 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.007. PMID 15464201. S2CID 16056461.
Yue, S. (2008). "An HSUS report: fish and pain perception". Impacts on Farm Animals. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
Sneddon, L.U. (2012). "Clinical Anesthesia & Analgesia in fish". Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 21: 32–43. doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2011.11.009. S2CID 78473.

archive.org

Grandin, T. & Johnson, C. (2005). Animals in Translation. New York: Scribner. pp. 183–184. ISBN 978-0-7432-4769-6.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

BBC news (2010). "Protest over 'cruel' frogs' legs chippy in Sunderland". BBC. Retrieved October 10, 2015.

books.google.com

Carbone, L. (2004). What Animals Want: Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy. Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN 9780195161960.
Varner, G.E. (2012). "Chapter 5 - Which animals are sentient? - the table in the article is based on Table 5.2, page 113". Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare's Two Level Utilitarianism. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199758784.001.0001. ISBN 9780199758784.
Andrews, K. (2014). The Animal Mind: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Animal Cognition - see section 3.6.2. Routledge. ISBN 9781317676751.
Lea, S.E.G. (1983). "Complex general learning in nonmammalian vertebrates.". In Marler, P.; Terrace, H.S (eds.). The Biology of Learning: Report of the Dahlem Workshop on the Biology of Learning, Berlin. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 9783642700941.

coloradotu.org

Rose, J.D. (2002). "Do fish feel pain?". Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2007.

doi.org

Broom, D.M. (2001). "Evolution of pain" (PDF). Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift. 70 (1): 17–21. doi:10.21825/vdt.89895.
Abbott, F.V., Franklin, K.B.J. and Westbrook, R.F. (1995). "The formalin test: Scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain. 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. PMID 7715946. S2CID 35448280.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Key, B. (2015). "Fish do not feel pain and its implications for understanding phenomenal consciousness". Biology and Philosophy. 30 (2): 149–165. doi:10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4. PMC 4356734. PMID 25798021.
Harrison, P. (1992). "Descartes on animals". The Philosophical Quarterly. 42 (167): 219–227. doi:10.2307/2220217. JSTOR 2220217.
Allen, C. (1998). "Assessing animal cognition: Ethological and philosophical perspectives". Journal of Animal Science. 76 (1): 42–47. doi:10.2527/1998.76142x. PMID 9464883.
Griffin, D.R. & Speck, G.B. (2004). "New evidence of animal consciousness". Animal Cognition. 7 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0203-x. PMID 14658059. S2CID 8650837.
Colpaert, F.C., Tarayre, J.P., Alliaga, M., Slot. L.A.B., Attal, N. and Koek, W. (2001). "Opiate self-administration as a measure of chronic nociceptive pain in arthritic rats". Pain. 91 (1–2): 33–45. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00413-9. PMID 11240076. S2CID 24858615.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mathews, K., Kronen, P.W., Lascelles, D., Nolan, A., Robertson, S., Steagall, P.V., Wright, B. and Yamashita, K. (2014). "Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 55 (6): E10–E68. doi:10.1111/jsap.12200. PMID 24841489.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Chambers, C.T. and Mogil, J.S. (2015). "Ontogeny and phylogeny of facial expression of pain". Pain. 156 (5): 798–799. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000133. PMID 25887392. S2CID 2060896.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Danbury, T.C., Weeks, C.A., Chambers, J.P., Waterman-Pearson, A.E. and Kestin, S.C. (2000). "Self-selection of the analgesic drug carprofen by lame broiler chickens". The Veterinary Record. 146 (11): 307–311. doi:10.1136/vr.146.11.307. PMID 10766114. S2CID 35062797.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Machin, K.L. (2005). "Avian analgesia". Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. 14 (4): 236–242. doi:10.1053/j.saep.2005.09.004.
Mosley, C.A. (2005). "Anesthesia & Analgesia in reptiles". Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. 14 (4): 243–262. doi:10.1053/j.saep.2005.09.005.
Mosley, C. (2011). "Pain and nociception in reptiles". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice. 14 (1): 45–60. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.09.009. PMID 21074702.
Sladky, K.K. & Mans, C. (2012). "Clinical analgesia in reptiles". Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 21 (2): 158–167. doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2012.02.012.
Chandroo, K.P., Duncan, I.J. and Moccia, R.D. (2004). "Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 86 (3): 225–250. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.327.8769. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.02.004.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Brown, C. (2015). "Fish intelligence, sentience and ethics". Animal Cognition. 18 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0761-0. PMID 24942105. S2CID 207050888.
Varner, G.E. (2012). "Chapter 5 - Which animals are sentient? - the table in the article is based on Table 5.2, page 113". Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare's Two Level Utilitarianism. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199758784.001.0001. ISBN 9780199758784.
Guénette, S.A., Giroux, M.C. and Vachon, P. (2013). "Pain perception and anaesthesia in research frogs". Experimental Animals. 62 (2): 87–92. doi:10.1538/expanim.62.87. PMID 23615302.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Baker, B.B., Sladky, K.K. and Johnson, S.M. (2011). "Evaluation of the analgesic effects of oral and subcutaneous tramadol administration in red-eared slider turtles". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 238 (2): 220–227. doi:10.2460/javma.238.2.220. PMC 3158493. PMID 21235376.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sneddon, L.U. (2004). "Evolution of nociception in vertebrates: comparative analysis of lower vertebrates". Brain Research Reviews. 46 (2): 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.007. PMID 15464201. S2CID 16056461.
Sneddon, L.U., Elwood, R.W., Adamo, S.A. and Leach, M.C. (2014). "Defining and assessing animal pain". Animal Behaviour. 97: 201–212. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.09.007. S2CID 53194458.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Elwood, R.W., Barr, S. and Patterson, L. (2009). "Pain and stress in crustaceans?". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 118 (3): 128–136. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Price, T.J. & Dussor, G. (2014). "Evolution: the advantage of 'maladaptive'pain plasticity". Current Biology. 24 (10): R384–R386. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.011. PMC 4295114. PMID 24845663.
Crook, R.J., Dickson, K., Hanlon, R.T. and Walters, E.T. (2014). "Nociceptive sensitization reduces predation risk". Current Biology. 24 (10): 1121–1125. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.043. PMID 24814149.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hamamoto, D. T. & Simone, D.A. (2003). "Characterization of cutaneous primary afferent fibers excited by acetic acid in a model of nociception in frogs". Journal of Neurophysiology. 90 (2): 566–577. doi:10.1152/jn.00324.2003. PMID 12750420. S2CID 15575676.
Rose, J.D., Arlinghaus, R., Cooke, S.J., Diggles, B.K., Sawynok, W., Stevens, E.D. and Wynne, C.D.L. (2012). "Can fish really feel pain?" (PDF). Fish and Fisheries. 15 (1): 97–133. doi:10.1111/faf.12010.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fabbro, F., Aglioti, S.M., Bergamasco, M., Clarici, A. and Panksepp, J. (2015). "Evolutionary aspects of self-and world consciousness in vertebrates". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 9: 157. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00157. PMC 4374625. PMID 25859205.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rose, J.D. (2002). "The neurobehavioral nature of fishes and the question of awareness and pain" (PDF). Reviews in Fisheries Science. 10 (1): 1–38. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.598.8119. doi:10.1080/20026491051668. S2CID 16220451. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-10.
Benyhe, S., Varga, E., Hepp, J., Magyar, A., Borsodi, A. and Wollemann, M. (1990). "Characterization of kappa1 and kappa2 opioid binding sites in frog (Rana esculenta) brain membrane preparation". Neurochemical Research. 15 (9): 899–904. doi:10.1007/bf00965909. PMID 2177154. S2CID 23867820.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Viñuela-Fernández I, Jones E, Welsh EM, Fleetwood-Walker SM (September 2007). "Pain mechanisms and their implication for the management of pain in farm and companion animals". Vet. J. 174 (2): 227–39. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.002. PMID 17553712.
Sneddon, L.U. (2012). "Clinical Anesthesia & Analgesia in fish". Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 21: 32–43. doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2011.11.009. S2CID 78473.
Gentz E.J. (2007). "Medicine and surgery of amphibians". ILAR Journal. 48 (3): 255–259. doi:10.1093/ilar.48.3.255. PMID 17592187.
Adami, C., Spadavecchia, C., Angeli, G. and d'Ovidio, D. (2015). "Alfaxalone anesthesia by immersion in oriental fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis)". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 42 (5): 547–551. doi:10.1111/vaa.12252. PMID 25711769.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kanetoh, T., Sugikawa, T., Sasaki, I., Muneoka, Y., Minakata, H., Takabatake, I. and Fujimoto, M. (2003). "Identification of a novel frog RFamide and its effect on the latency of the tail-flick response of the newt". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C. 134 (2): 259–266. doi:10.1016/s1532-0456(02)00277-6. PMID 12600686.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Suckow, M.A., Terril, L.A., Grigdesby, C.F. and March, P.A. (1999). "Evaluation of hypothermia-induced analgesia and influence of opioid antagonists in Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens)". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 63 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00237-8. PMID 10340522. S2CID 22059545.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Stevens, C.W. & Brenner, G.M. (1996). "Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians". European Journal of Pharmacology. 316 (2): 205–210. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00681-4. PMID 8982687.
Teixeira, P.C., Dias, D.C., Rocha, G.C., Antonucci, A.M., França, F.M., Marcantonio, A.S., Ranzani-Paiva, M.T. and Ferreira, C.M. (2012). "Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors". Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 32: 91–98. doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2012001300016. hdl:11449/574.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hamamoto, D.T., Forkey, M.W., Davis, W.L., Kajander, K.C. and Simone, D.A. (2000). "The role of pH and osmolarity in evoking the acetic acid-induced wiping response in a model of nociception in frogs". Brain Research. 862 (1): 217–229. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02138-7. PMID 10799688. S2CID 7290178.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Miller, R.R., Berk, A.M. and Springer, A.D. (1974). "Acquisition and retention of active avoidance in Xenopus laevis". Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. 3 (2): 139–141. doi:10.3758/BF03333423.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Williams Jr, J.T. (1967). "A test for dominance of cues during maze learning by toads". Psychonomic Science. 9 (5): 259–260. doi:10.3758/bf03332211. S2CID 143932516.
Harvey, C.B., Ellis, C. and Tate, M. (1976). "Inhibition of the righting reflex in the common bullfrog (Rana catesbiana) employing an operant-avoidance procedure". Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. 7 (1): 57–58. doi:10.3758/bf03337120.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
McMahon, T.A., Sears, B.F., Venesky, M.D., Bessler, S.M., Brown, J.M., Deutsch, K., ... and Rohr, J.R. (2014). "Amphibians acquire resistance to live and dead fungus overcoming fungal immunosuppression". Nature. 511 (7508): 224–227. Bibcode:2014Natur.511..224M. doi:10.1038/nature13491. PMC 4464781. PMID 25008531.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Broom, D.M. (2001). "Evolution of pain" (PDF). Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift. 70 (1): 17–21. doi:10.21825/vdt.89895.
Krusche, P., Uller, C. and Dicke, U. (2010). "Quantity discrimination in salamanders". Journal of Experimental Biology. 213 (11): 1822–1828. doi:10.1242/jeb.039297. PMID 20472768.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Uller, C., Jaeger, R. and Guidry, G. (2003). "Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) go for more: rudiments of number in an amphibian". Animal Cognition. 6 (2): 105–112. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0167-x. PMID 12709845. S2CID 147018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Stancher, G., Rugani, R., Regolin, L. and Vallortigara, G. (2015). "Numerical discrimination by frogs (Bombina orientalis)". Animal Cognition. 18 (1): 219–229. doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0791-7. PMID 25108417. S2CID 16499583.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Chu, P.K. & McCain, G. (1969). "Discrimination learning and extinction in toads". Psychonomic Science. 14 (1): 14–15. doi:10.3758/bf03336400.
Daneri, M.F., Casanave, E.B. and Muzio, R.N. (2015). "Use of local visual cues for spatial orientation in terrestrial toads (Rhinella arenarum): The role of distance to a goal". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 129 (3): 247–255. doi:10.1037/a0039461. hdl:11336/6327. PMID 26147701. S2CID 30988123.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Heuring, W. L. & Mathis, A. (2014). "Landmark learning by juvenile salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum)". Behavioural Processes. 108: 173–176. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.015. PMID 25444775. S2CID 45373288.
Pašukonis, A., Warrington, I., Ringler, M. and Hödl, W. (2014). "Poison frogs rely on experience to find the way home in the rainforest". Biology Letters. 10 (11): 20140642. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0642. PMC 4261859. PMID 25411379.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Chivers, D.P. & Ferrari, M.C. (2015). "The effect of group size and tutor-to-observer ratio on socially learned antipredator responses in woodfrog tadpoles". Animal Behaviour. 104: 25–29. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.03.003. S2CID 53165376.
Chapman, T.L., Holcomb, M.P., Spivey, K.L., Sehr, E.K. and Gall, B.G. (2015). "A test of local enhancement in amphibians". Ethology. 121 (3): 308–314. doi:10.1111/eth.12337.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Machin, K.L. (2001). "Fish, amphibian, and reptile analgesia". The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice. 4 (1): 19–33. doi:10.1016/S1094-9194(17)30048-8. PMID 11217460.
Stevens, C.W. (2011). "Analgesia in amphibians: preclinical studies and clinical applications". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice. 14 (1): 33–44. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.09.007. PMC 3056481. PMID 21074701.
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gov.uk

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gpo.gov

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handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Teixeira, P.C., Dias, D.C., Rocha, G.C., Antonucci, A.M., França, F.M., Marcantonio, A.S., Ranzani-Paiva, M.T. and Ferreira, C.M. (2012). "Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors". Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 32: 91–98. doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2012001300016. hdl:11449/574.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Daneri, M.F., Casanave, E.B. and Muzio, R.N. (2015). "Use of local visual cues for spatial orientation in terrestrial toads (Rhinella arenarum): The role of distance to a goal". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 129 (3): 247–255. doi:10.1037/a0039461. hdl:11336/6327. PMID 26147701. S2CID 30988123.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

McMahon, T.A., Sears, B.F., Venesky, M.D., Bessler, S.M., Brown, J.M., Deutsch, K., ... and Rohr, J.R. (2014). "Amphibians acquire resistance to live and dead fungus overcoming fungal immunosuppression". Nature. 511 (7508): 224–227. Bibcode:2014Natur.511..224M. doi:10.1038/nature13491. PMC 4464781. PMID 25008531.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ivis.org

Mosley, C. (2006). "Pain, nociception and analgesia in reptiles: when your snake goes 'ouch!'" (PDF). The North American Veterinary Conference. 20: 1652–1653.

jstor.org

Harrison, P. (1992). "Descartes on animals". The Philosophical Quarterly. 42 (167): 219–227. doi:10.2307/2220217. JSTOR 2220217.
Machin, K.L. (1999). "Amphibian pain and analgesia". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 30 (1): 2–10. JSTOR 20095815. PMID 10367638.

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ncl.ac.uk

eprint.ncl.ac.uk

Sneddon, L.U., Elwood, R.W., Adamo, S.A. and Leach, M.C. (2014). "Defining and assessing animal pain". Animal Behaviour. 97: 201–212. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.09.007. S2CID 53194458.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Abbott, F.V., Franklin, K.B.J. and Westbrook, R.F. (1995). "The formalin test: Scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain. 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. PMID 7715946. S2CID 35448280.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Key, B. (2015). "Fish do not feel pain and its implications for understanding phenomenal consciousness". Biology and Philosophy. 30 (2): 149–165. doi:10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4. PMC 4356734. PMID 25798021.
Allen, C. (1998). "Assessing animal cognition: Ethological and philosophical perspectives". Journal of Animal Science. 76 (1): 42–47. doi:10.2527/1998.76142x. PMID 9464883.
Griffin, D.R. & Speck, G.B. (2004). "New evidence of animal consciousness". Animal Cognition. 7 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0203-x. PMID 14658059. S2CID 8650837.
Colpaert, F.C., Tarayre, J.P., Alliaga, M., Slot. L.A.B., Attal, N. and Koek, W. (2001). "Opiate self-administration as a measure of chronic nociceptive pain in arthritic rats". Pain. 91 (1–2): 33–45. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00413-9. PMID 11240076. S2CID 24858615.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mathews, K., Kronen, P.W., Lascelles, D., Nolan, A., Robertson, S., Steagall, P.V., Wright, B. and Yamashita, K. (2014). "Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 55 (6): E10–E68. doi:10.1111/jsap.12200. PMID 24841489.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Chambers, C.T. and Mogil, J.S. (2015). "Ontogeny and phylogeny of facial expression of pain". Pain. 156 (5): 798–799. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000133. PMID 25887392. S2CID 2060896.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Danbury, T.C., Weeks, C.A., Chambers, J.P., Waterman-Pearson, A.E. and Kestin, S.C. (2000). "Self-selection of the analgesic drug carprofen by lame broiler chickens". The Veterinary Record. 146 (11): 307–311. doi:10.1136/vr.146.11.307. PMID 10766114. S2CID 35062797.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mosley, C. (2011). "Pain and nociception in reptiles". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice. 14 (1): 45–60. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.09.009. PMID 21074702.
Brown, C. (2015). "Fish intelligence, sentience and ethics". Animal Cognition. 18 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0761-0. PMID 24942105. S2CID 207050888.
Guénette, S.A., Giroux, M.C. and Vachon, P. (2013). "Pain perception and anaesthesia in research frogs". Experimental Animals. 62 (2): 87–92. doi:10.1538/expanim.62.87. PMID 23615302.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Coble, D.J., Taylor, D.K. and Mook, D.M. (2011). "Analgesic effects of meloxicam, morphine sulfate, flunixin meglumine, and xylazine hydrochloride in African-clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)". Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 50 (3): 355–60. PMC 3103286. PMID 21640031.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Baker, B.B., Sladky, K.K. and Johnson, S.M. (2011). "Evaluation of the analgesic effects of oral and subcutaneous tramadol administration in red-eared slider turtles". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 238 (2): 220–227. doi:10.2460/javma.238.2.220. PMC 3158493. PMID 21235376.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sneddon, L.U. (2004). "Evolution of nociception in vertebrates: comparative analysis of lower vertebrates". Brain Research Reviews. 46 (2): 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.007. PMID 15464201. S2CID 16056461.
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