Pangaea (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Pangaea" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

43doi.org

2^nd place

28harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

10nih.gov

4^th place

4handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

2britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

2books.google.com

3^rd place

2elsevier.com

610^th place

704^th place

2berkeley.edu

580^th place

462^nd place

2jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1web.archive.org

1^st place

1lexico.com

1,242^nd place

853^rd place

1etymonline.com

287^th place

321^st place

1geoscienceworld.org

3,158^th place

2,299^th place

1archive.today

14^th place

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

"Climate of Pangaea, Britannica". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 11 February 2025. Archived from the original on 10 May 2025. Retrieved 10 May 2025.

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; English: 462^nd place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"Life of the Carboniferous". UC Museum of Paleontology. UC Berkeley. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
"Jurassic Period: Life". UC Museum of Paleontology. UC Berkeley. Retrieved 19 February 2021.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Usener, H. Scholia in Lucani Bellum Civile, Vol. I. (Leipzig), 1869.
Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2016b). "Methods for Locating Old Continents and Terranes". Earth History and Palaeogeography. pp. 3–37. doi:10.1017/9781316225523. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"Pangea". Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2015.
"Climate of Pangaea, Britannica". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 11 February 2025. Archived from the original on 10 May 2025. Retrieved 10 May 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Jaworski, E. (November 1922). "Die A. Wegenersche Hypothese der Kontinentalverschiebungen: Eine kritische Zusammenstellung". Geologische Rundschau. 13 (3): 273–296. Bibcode:1922GeoRu..13..273J. doi:10.1007/bf01799790.
Holmes, A. (1 January 1931). "XVIII. Radioactivity and Earth Movements". Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow. 18 (3): 559–606. doi:10.1144/transglas.18.3.559.
Bullard, Edward; Everett, J.E.; Smith, A. Gilbert (28 October 1965). "The fit of the continents around the Atlantic". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 258 (1088): 41–51. Bibcode:1965RSPTA.258...41B. doi:10.1098/rsta.1965.0020.
Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2019). "The integration of palaeomagnetism, the geological record and mantle tomography in the location of ancient continents". Geological Magazine. 156 (2): 242–260. Bibcode:2019GeoM..156..242T. doi:10.1017/S001675681700098X.
Pyron, R. Alexander (1 September 2014). "Biogeographic Analysis Reveals Ancient Continental Vicariance and Recent Oceanic Dispersal in Amphibians". Systematic Biology. 63 (5): 779–797. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syu042. PMID 24951557.
Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2016b). "Methods for Locating Old Continents and Terranes". Earth History and Palaeogeography. pp. 3–37. doi:10.1017/9781316225523. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.
Zhao, Guochun; Cawood, Peter A; Wilde, Simon A; Sun, Min (November 2002). "Review of global 2.1–1.8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-Rodinia supercontinent". Earth-Science Reviews. 59 (1–4): 125–162. Bibcode:2002ESRv...59..125Z. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00073-9.
Zhao, Guochun; Sun, Min; Wilde, Simon A.; Li, Sanzhong (September 2004). "A Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent: assembly, growth and breakup". Earth-Science Reviews. 67 (1–2): 91–123. Bibcode:2004ESRv...67...91Z. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.02.003.
Li, Z.X.; Bogdanova, S.V.; Collins, A.S.; Davidson, A.; De Waele, B.; Ernst, R.E.; Fitzsimons, I.C.W.; Fuck, R.A.; Gladkochub, D.P.; Jacobs, J.; Karlstrom, K.E.; Lu, S.; Natapov, L.M.; Pease, V.; Pisarevsky, S.A.; Thrane, K.; Vernikovsky, V. (2007). "Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: A synthesis". Precambrian Research. 160 (1–2): 179–210. Bibcode:2008PreR..160..179L. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.021.
Torsvik, T. H. (30 May 2003). "GEOLOGY: Enhanced: The Rodinia Jigsaw Puzzle". Science. 300 (5624): 1379–1381. doi:10.1126/science.1083469. PMID 12775828.
Torsvik & Cocks 2016a, pp. 78–83. Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2016a). Earth History and Palaeogeography. doi:10.1017/9781316225523. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.
Nance, R. Damian; Murphy, J. Brendan (2019). "Supercontinents and the case for Pannotia". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 470 (1): 65–86. Bibcode:2019GSLSP.470...65N. doi:10.1144/SP470.5.
Torsvik & Cocks 2016a, pp. 125, 153. Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2016a). Earth History and Palaeogeography. doi:10.1017/9781316225523. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.
Cocks, L. Robin M.; Torsvik, Trond H. (February 2013). "The dynamic evolution of the Palaeozoic geography of eastern Asia". Earth-Science Reviews. 117: 40–79. Bibcode:2013ESRv..117...40C. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.12.001.
Torsvik & Cocks 2016a, pp. 140, 161. Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2016a). Earth History and Palaeogeography. doi:10.1017/9781316225523. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.
Torsvik & Cocks 2016a, pp. 161, 171–172, 237. Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2016a). Earth History and Palaeogeography. doi:10.1017/9781316225523. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.
Torsvik & Cocks 2016a, pp. 180–181, 198. Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2016a). Earth History and Palaeogeography. doi:10.1017/9781316225523. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.
Torsvik & Cocks 2016a, p. ^{[page needed]}. Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2016a). Earth History and Palaeogeography. doi:10.1017/9781316225523. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.
Scotese, C.R.; Schettino, A. (2017). "Late Permian-Early Jurassic Paleogeography of Western Tethys and the World". Permo-Triassic Salt Provinces of Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic Margins. pp. 57–95. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809417-4.00004-5. ISBN 978-0-12-809417-4.
Nance, R. Damian; Gutiérrez-Alonso, Gabriel; Keppie, J. Duncan; Linnemann, Ulf; Murphy, J. Brendan; Quesada, Cecilio; Strachan, Rob A.; Woodcock, Nigel H. (March 2010). "Evolution of the Rheic Ocean". Gondwana Research. 17 (2–3): 194–222. Bibcode:2010GondR..17..194N. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2009.08.001.
Kent, D.V.; Muttoni, G. (September 2020). "Pangea B and the Late Paleozoic Ice Age". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 553: 109753. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109753. hdl:2434/742688.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Domeier, Mathew; Font, Eric; Youbi, Nasrrddine; Davies, Joshua; Nemkin, Samantha; Van der Voo, Rob; Perrot, Morgann; Benabbou, Mohamed; Boumehdi, Moulay Ahmed; Torsvik, Trond H. (February 2021). "On the Early Permian shape of Pangea from paleomagnetism at its core". Gondwana Research. 90: 171–198. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.11.005. hdl:10852/91762.
Scotese, C. R.; Langford, R. P. (1995). "Pangea and the Paleogeography of the Permian". The Permian of Northern Pangea. pp. 3–19. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78593-1_1. ISBN 978-3-642-78595-5.
Wang, X.-D; Ueno, K.; Mizuno, Y.; Sugiyama, T. (June 2001). "Late Paleozoic faunal, climatic, and geographic changes in the Baoshan block as a Gondwana-derived continental fragment in southwest China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 170 (3–4): 197–218. Bibcode:2001PPP...170..197W. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00228-0.
Liu, Jun; Yi, Jian; Chen, Jian-Ye (August 2020). "Constraining assembly time of some blocks on eastern margin of Pangea using Permo-Triassic non-marine tetrapod records". Earth-Science Reviews. 207: 103215. Bibcode:2020ESRv..20703215L. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103215.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Mazaheri-Johari, Mina; Roghi, Guido; Caggiati, Marcello; Kustatscher, Evelyn; Ghasemi-Nejad, Ebrahim; Zanchi, Andrea; Gianolla, Piero (January 2022). "Disentangling climate signal from tectonic forcing: The Triassic Aghdarband Basin (Turan Domain, Iran)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 586: 110777. Bibcode:2022PPP...58610777M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110777. hdl:10281/338795.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Tore Grane Klausen, Björn Nyberg, William Helland-Hansen (2019-03-22). "The largest delta plain in Earth's history". Geology. 47 (5): 470–474. Bibcode:2019Geo....47..470K. doi:10.1130/G45507.1. hdl:1956/22168. Retrieved 2025-05-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Scotese, Christopher R. (30 May 2021). "An Atlas of Phanerozoic Paleogeographic Maps: The Seas Come In and the Seas Go Out". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 49 (1): 679–728. Bibcode:2021AREPS..49..679S. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-081320-064052.
Parrish, Judith Totman (March 1993). "Climate of the Supercontinent Pangea". The Journal of Geology. 101 (2): 215–233. Bibcode:1993JG....101..215P. doi:10.1086/648217.
Parrish, J. T. (1995). "Geologic Evidence of Permian Climate". The Permian of Northern Pangea. pp. 53–61. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78593-1_4. ISBN 978-3-642-78595-5.
Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. (15 September 1993). "Tropical mountains and coal formation: A climate model study of the Westphalian (306 MA)". Geophysical Research Letters. 20 (18): 1947–1950. Bibcode:1993GeoRL..20.1947O. doi:10.1029/93GL02235.
Brune, Sascha; Williams, Simon E.; Müller, R. Dietmar (December 2017). "Potential links between continental rifting, CO2 degassing and climate change through time". Nature Geoscience. 10 (12): 941–946. Bibcode:2017NatGe..10..941B. doi:10.1038/s41561-017-0003-6.
Erwin, D.H. (1990). "The end-Permian mass extinction". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 21 (1): 69–91. Bibcode:1990AnRES..21...69E. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.000441. JSTOR 2097019.
Pardo, Jason D.; Small, Bryan J.; Milner, Andrew R.; Huttenlocker, Adam K. (February 2019). "Carboniferous–Permian climate change constrained early land vertebrate radiations". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (2): 200–206. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..200P. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0776-z. PMID 30664698.
Ziegler, Alfred M.; Eshel, Gidon; Rees, P. McAllister; Rothfus, Thomas A.; Rowley, David B.; Sunderlin, David (September 2003). "Tracing the tropics across land and sea: Permian to present". Lethaia. 36 (3): 227–254. Bibcode:2003Letha..36..227Z. doi:10.1080/00241160310004657.
Looy, Cindy V.; Ranks, Stephanie L.; Chaney, Dan S.; Sanchez, Sophie; Steyer, Jean-Sébastien; Smith, Roger M.H.; Sidor, Christian A.; Myers, Timothy S.; Ide, Oumarou; Tabor, Neil J. (June 2016). "Biological and physical evidence for extreme seasonality in central Permian Pangea". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 451: 210–226. Bibcode:2016PPP...451..210L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.016.
Sahney, Sarda; Benton, Michael J (7 April 2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759–765. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148.
Button, David J.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Butler, Richard J. (December 2017). "Mass extinctions drove increased global faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangaea". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 733. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8..733B. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00827-7. PMC 5635108. PMID 29018290.
Chaboureau, Anne-Claire; Sepulchre, Pierre; Donnadieu, Yannick; Franc, Alain (30 September 2014). "Tectonic-driven climate change and the diversification of angiosperms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (39): 14066–14070. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11114066C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1324002111. PMC 4191762. PMID 25225405.
Simberloff, Daniel S. (March 1974). "Permo-Triassic Extinctions: Effects of Area on Biotic Equilibrium". The Journal of Geology. 82 (2): 267–274. Bibcode:1974JG.....82..267S. doi:10.1086/627962.
Hansen, Thor A. (1987). "Extinction of Late Eocene to Oligocene Molluscs: Relationship to Shelf Area, Temperature Changes, and Impact Events". PALAIOS. 2 (1): 69–75. Bibcode:1987Palai...2...69H. doi:10.2307/3514573. JSTOR 3514573.
Schettino, Antonio; Turco, Eugenio (August 2009). "Breakup of Pangaea and plate kinematics of the central Atlantic and Atlas regions". Geophysical Journal International. 178 (2): 1078–1097. Bibcode:2009GeoJI.178.1078S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04186.x.
DeConto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (January 2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2". Nature. 421 (6920): 245–249. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Kent, D.V.; Muttoni, G. (September 2020). "Pangea B and the Late Paleozoic Ice Age". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 553: 109753. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109753. hdl:2434/742688.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Domeier, Mathew; Font, Eric; Youbi, Nasrrddine; Davies, Joshua; Nemkin, Samantha; Van der Voo, Rob; Perrot, Morgann; Benabbou, Mohamed; Boumehdi, Moulay Ahmed; Torsvik, Trond H. (February 2021). "On the Early Permian shape of Pangea from paleomagnetism at its core". Gondwana Research. 90: 171–198. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.11.005. hdl:10852/91762.

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

"Pangaea". Online Etymology Dictionary.

geoscienceworld.org (Global: 3,158^th place; English: 2,299^th place)

pubs.geoscienceworld.org

Tore Grane Klausen, Björn Nyberg, William Helland-Hansen (2019-03-22). "The largest delta plain in Earth's history". Geology. 47 (5): 470–474. Bibcode:2019Geo....47..470K. doi:10.1130/G45507.1. hdl:1956/22168. Retrieved 2025-05-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Kent, D.V.; Muttoni, G. (September 2020). "Pangea B and the Late Paleozoic Ice Age". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 553: 109753. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109753. hdl:2434/742688.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Domeier, Mathew; Font, Eric; Youbi, Nasrrddine; Davies, Joshua; Nemkin, Samantha; Van der Voo, Rob; Perrot, Morgann; Benabbou, Mohamed; Boumehdi, Moulay Ahmed; Torsvik, Trond H. (February 2021). "On the Early Permian shape of Pangea from paleomagnetism at its core". Gondwana Research. 90: 171–198. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.11.005. hdl:10852/91762.
Mazaheri-Johari, Mina; Roghi, Guido; Caggiati, Marcello; Kustatscher, Evelyn; Ghasemi-Nejad, Ebrahim; Zanchi, Andrea; Gianolla, Piero (January 2022). "Disentangling climate signal from tectonic forcing: The Triassic Aghdarband Basin (Turan Domain, Iran)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 586: 110777. Bibcode:2022PPP...58610777M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110777. hdl:10281/338795.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Tore Grane Klausen, Björn Nyberg, William Helland-Hansen (2019-03-22). "The largest delta plain in Earth's history". Geology. 47 (5): 470–474. Bibcode:2019Geo....47..470K. doi:10.1130/G45507.1. hdl:1956/22168. Retrieved 2025-05-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jaworski, E. (November 1922). "Die A. Wegenersche Hypothese der Kontinentalverschiebungen: Eine kritische Zusammenstellung". Geologische Rundschau. 13 (3): 273–296. Bibcode:1922GeoRu..13..273J. doi:10.1007/bf01799790.
Bullard, Edward; Everett, J.E.; Smith, A. Gilbert (28 October 1965). "The fit of the continents around the Atlantic". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 258 (1088): 41–51. Bibcode:1965RSPTA.258...41B. doi:10.1098/rsta.1965.0020.
Torsvik, Trond H.; Cocks, L. Robin M. (2019). "The integration of palaeomagnetism, the geological record and mantle tomography in the location of ancient continents". Geological Magazine. 156 (2): 242–260. Bibcode:2019GeoM..156..242T. doi:10.1017/S001675681700098X.
Zhao, Guochun; Cawood, Peter A; Wilde, Simon A; Sun, Min (November 2002). "Review of global 2.1–1.8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-Rodinia supercontinent". Earth-Science Reviews. 59 (1–4): 125–162. Bibcode:2002ESRv...59..125Z. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00073-9.
Zhao, Guochun; Sun, Min; Wilde, Simon A.; Li, Sanzhong (September 2004). "A Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent: assembly, growth and breakup". Earth-Science Reviews. 67 (1–2): 91–123. Bibcode:2004ESRv...67...91Z. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.02.003.
Li, Z.X.; Bogdanova, S.V.; Collins, A.S.; Davidson, A.; De Waele, B.; Ernst, R.E.; Fitzsimons, I.C.W.; Fuck, R.A.; Gladkochub, D.P.; Jacobs, J.; Karlstrom, K.E.; Lu, S.; Natapov, L.M.; Pease, V.; Pisarevsky, S.A.; Thrane, K.; Vernikovsky, V. (2007). "Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: A synthesis". Precambrian Research. 160 (1–2): 179–210. Bibcode:2008PreR..160..179L. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.021.
Nance, R. Damian; Murphy, J. Brendan (2019). "Supercontinents and the case for Pannotia". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 470 (1): 65–86. Bibcode:2019GSLSP.470...65N. doi:10.1144/SP470.5.
Cocks, L. Robin M.; Torsvik, Trond H. (February 2013). "The dynamic evolution of the Palaeozoic geography of eastern Asia". Earth-Science Reviews. 117: 40–79. Bibcode:2013ESRv..117...40C. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.12.001.
Nance, R. Damian; Gutiérrez-Alonso, Gabriel; Keppie, J. Duncan; Linnemann, Ulf; Murphy, J. Brendan; Quesada, Cecilio; Strachan, Rob A.; Woodcock, Nigel H. (March 2010). "Evolution of the Rheic Ocean". Gondwana Research. 17 (2–3): 194–222. Bibcode:2010GondR..17..194N. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2009.08.001.
Wang, X.-D; Ueno, K.; Mizuno, Y.; Sugiyama, T. (June 2001). "Late Paleozoic faunal, climatic, and geographic changes in the Baoshan block as a Gondwana-derived continental fragment in southwest China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 170 (3–4): 197–218. Bibcode:2001PPP...170..197W. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00228-0.
Liu, Jun; Yi, Jian; Chen, Jian-Ye (August 2020). "Constraining assembly time of some blocks on eastern margin of Pangea using Permo-Triassic non-marine tetrapod records". Earth-Science Reviews. 207: 103215. Bibcode:2020ESRv..20703215L. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103215.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Mazaheri-Johari, Mina; Roghi, Guido; Caggiati, Marcello; Kustatscher, Evelyn; Ghasemi-Nejad, Ebrahim; Zanchi, Andrea; Gianolla, Piero (January 2022). "Disentangling climate signal from tectonic forcing: The Triassic Aghdarband Basin (Turan Domain, Iran)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 586: 110777. Bibcode:2022PPP...58610777M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110777. hdl:10281/338795.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Tore Grane Klausen, Björn Nyberg, William Helland-Hansen (2019-03-22). "The largest delta plain in Earth's history". Geology. 47 (5): 470–474. Bibcode:2019Geo....47..470K. doi:10.1130/G45507.1. hdl:1956/22168. Retrieved 2025-05-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Klausen Tore, Suslova Anna, Nyberg Björn, Paterson Niall, Helland-Hansen, William (April 2018). "The largest delta plain in Earth's history and its implications for life in the Triassic". Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts: 646. Bibcode:2018EGUGA..20..646K. Retrieved 2025-05-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Scotese, Christopher R. (30 May 2021). "An Atlas of Phanerozoic Paleogeographic Maps: The Seas Come In and the Seas Go Out". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 49 (1): 679–728. Bibcode:2021AREPS..49..679S. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-081320-064052.
Parrish, Judith Totman (March 1993). "Climate of the Supercontinent Pangea". The Journal of Geology. 101 (2): 215–233. Bibcode:1993JG....101..215P. doi:10.1086/648217.
Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. (15 September 1993). "Tropical mountains and coal formation: A climate model study of the Westphalian (306 MA)". Geophysical Research Letters. 20 (18): 1947–1950. Bibcode:1993GeoRL..20.1947O. doi:10.1029/93GL02235.
Brune, Sascha; Williams, Simon E.; Müller, R. Dietmar (December 2017). "Potential links between continental rifting, CO2 degassing and climate change through time". Nature Geoscience. 10 (12): 941–946. Bibcode:2017NatGe..10..941B. doi:10.1038/s41561-017-0003-6.
Erwin, D.H. (1990). "The end-Permian mass extinction". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 21 (1): 69–91. Bibcode:1990AnRES..21...69E. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.000441. JSTOR 2097019.
Pardo, Jason D.; Small, Bryan J.; Milner, Andrew R.; Huttenlocker, Adam K. (February 2019). "Carboniferous–Permian climate change constrained early land vertebrate radiations". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (2): 200–206. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..200P. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0776-z. PMID 30664698.
Ziegler, Alfred M.; Eshel, Gidon; Rees, P. McAllister; Rothfus, Thomas A.; Rowley, David B.; Sunderlin, David (September 2003). "Tracing the tropics across land and sea: Permian to present". Lethaia. 36 (3): 227–254. Bibcode:2003Letha..36..227Z. doi:10.1080/00241160310004657.
Looy, Cindy V.; Ranks, Stephanie L.; Chaney, Dan S.; Sanchez, Sophie; Steyer, Jean-Sébastien; Smith, Roger M.H.; Sidor, Christian A.; Myers, Timothy S.; Ide, Oumarou; Tabor, Neil J. (June 2016). "Biological and physical evidence for extreme seasonality in central Permian Pangea". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 451: 210–226. Bibcode:2016PPP...451..210L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.016.
Button, David J.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Butler, Richard J. (December 2017). "Mass extinctions drove increased global faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangaea". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 733. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8..733B. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00827-7. PMC 5635108. PMID 29018290.
Chaboureau, Anne-Claire; Sepulchre, Pierre; Donnadieu, Yannick; Franc, Alain (30 September 2014). "Tectonic-driven climate change and the diversification of angiosperms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (39): 14066–14070. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11114066C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1324002111. PMC 4191762. PMID 25225405.
Simberloff, Daniel S. (March 1974). "Permo-Triassic Extinctions: Effects of Area on Biotic Equilibrium". The Journal of Geology. 82 (2): 267–274. Bibcode:1974JG.....82..267S. doi:10.1086/627962.
Hansen, Thor A. (1987). "Extinction of Late Eocene to Oligocene Molluscs: Relationship to Shelf Area, Temperature Changes, and Impact Events". PALAIOS. 2 (1): 69–75. Bibcode:1987Palai...2...69H. doi:10.2307/3514573. JSTOR 3514573.
Schettino, Antonio; Turco, Eugenio (August 2009). "Breakup of Pangaea and plate kinematics of the central Atlantic and Atlas regions". Geophysical Journal International. 178 (2): 1078–1097. Bibcode:2009GeoJI.178.1078S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04186.x.
DeConto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (January 2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2". Nature. 421 (6920): 245–249. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Erwin, D.H. (1990). "The end-Permian mass extinction". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 21 (1): 69–91. Bibcode:1990AnRES..21...69E. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.000441. JSTOR 2097019.
Hansen, Thor A. (1987). "Extinction of Late Eocene to Oligocene Molluscs: Relationship to Shelf Area, Temperature Changes, and Impact Events". PALAIOS. 2 (1): 69–75. Bibcode:1987Palai...2...69H. doi:10.2307/3514573. JSTOR 3514573.

lexico.com (Global: 1,242^nd place; English: 853^rd place)

"Pangaea". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pyron, R. Alexander (1 September 2014). "Biogeographic Analysis Reveals Ancient Continental Vicariance and Recent Oceanic Dispersal in Amphibians". Systematic Biology. 63 (5): 779–797. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syu042. PMID 24951557.
Torsvik, T. H. (30 May 2003). "GEOLOGY: Enhanced: The Rodinia Jigsaw Puzzle". Science. 300 (5624): 1379–1381. doi:10.1126/science.1083469. PMID 12775828.
Pardo, Jason D.; Small, Bryan J.; Milner, Andrew R.; Huttenlocker, Adam K. (February 2019). "Carboniferous–Permian climate change constrained early land vertebrate radiations". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (2): 200–206. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..200P. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0776-z. PMID 30664698.
Sahney, Sarda; Benton, Michael J (7 April 2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759–765. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148.
Button, David J.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Butler, Richard J. (December 2017). "Mass extinctions drove increased global faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangaea". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 733. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8..733B. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00827-7. PMC 5635108. PMID 29018290.
Chaboureau, Anne-Claire; Sepulchre, Pierre; Donnadieu, Yannick; Franc, Alain (30 September 2014). "Tectonic-driven climate change and the diversification of angiosperms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (39): 14066–14070. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11114066C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1324002111. PMC 4191762. PMID 25225405.
DeConto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (January 2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2". Nature. 421 (6920): 245–249. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sahney, Sarda; Benton, Michael J (7 April 2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759–765. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148.
Button, David J.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Butler, Richard J. (December 2017). "Mass extinctions drove increased global faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangaea". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 733. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8..733B. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00827-7. PMC 5635108. PMID 29018290.
Chaboureau, Anne-Claire; Sepulchre, Pierre; Donnadieu, Yannick; Franc, Alain (30 September 2014). "Tectonic-driven climate change and the diversification of angiosperms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (39): 14066–14070. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11114066C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1324002111. PMC 4191762. PMID 25225405.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Pangaea". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020.

Pangaea (English Wikipedia)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 580th place; English: 462nd place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610th place; English: 704th place)