References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Papal States" in the English version

archive.org

Mitchell, S.A. (1840). Mitchell's geographical reader. Thomas, Cowperthwait & Co. p. 368.

Butt, John J. (2006). The Greenwood Dictionary of World History. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 36. ISBN 978-0313327650. Term (coined by Petrarch) for the papal residence in Avignon (1309–1377), in reference to the Babylonian Captivity (...)

Waley 1966, p. 62. Waley, Daniel Philip (1966). Rearder, Harry (ed.). A Short History of Italy: From Classical Times to Present Day. University Press. 1332 John XXII vicars.

Durant, Will (1953). "Chapter XXI: The Political Collapse: 1494–1534". The Renaissance.

Durant, Will (1953). "Chapter XXXIX: The popes and the Council: 1517–1565". The Renaissance.

Hanson 2015, p. 252. Hanson, Paul R. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 252. ISBN 978-0810878921. Comtat Venaissin and Avignon were annexed by France.

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Brent, Allen (2009). A Political History of Early Christianity. A&C Black. p. 243. ISBN 9780567606051. Archived from the original on 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2020-09-26.

Treadgold 1997, p. 378. Treadgold, Warren T. (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804726306. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

McEvedy, Colin (1961). The Penguin Atlas of Medieval History. Penguin Books. p. 32. ISBN 9780140708226. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2020-09-26. ... separated from their theoretical overlord in Pavia by the continuing Imperial control of the Rome-Ravenna corridor. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

Freeman, Charles (2014). Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. OUP Oxford. p. 661. ISBN 978-0199651924. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18. The empire retained control only of Rome, Ravenna, a fragile corridor between them, ...

Richards, Jeffrey (2014). The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages: 476–752. Routledge. p. 230. ISBN 978-1317678175. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18. In 749 Ratchis embarked on a bid to capture Perusia, the key to the Rome-Ravenna land corridor

Kleinhenz 2004, p. 1060. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135948801. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Kleinhenz 2004, p. 324. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135948801. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Tucker 2009, p. 332. Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1851096725. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Spielvogel 2013, pp. 245–246. Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2013). Western Civilization: A Brief History (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1133606765. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Elm & Mixson 2015, p. 154. Elm, Kaspar; Mixson, James D. (2015). Religious Life between Jerusalem, the Desert, and the World: Selected Essays by Kaspar Elm. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004307780. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Watanabe 2013, p. 241. Watanabe, Morimichi (2013). Izbicki, Thomas M.; Christianson, Gerald (eds.). Nicholas of Cusa – A Companion to his Life and his Times. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-1409482-536. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Kleinhenz 2004, pp. 220, 982. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135948801. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Noble; et al. (2013). Cengage Advantage Books: Western Civilization: Beyond Boundaries (7 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 304. ISBN 978-1285661537. Archived from the original on 2021-09-14. Retrieved 2020-11-18. The Babylonian Captivity, 1309–1377

Menache 2003, p. 142. Menache, Sophia (2003). Clement V. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0521521987. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Kleinhenz 2004, p. 802. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135948801. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Ruggiero 2014, p. 225. Ruggiero, Guido (2014). The Renaissance in Italy: A Social and Cultural History of the Rinascimento. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1316123270. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Ruggiero 2014, p. 227. Ruggiero, Guido (2014). The Renaissance in Italy: A Social and Cultural History of the Rinascimento. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1316123270. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Watanabe 2013, p. 19. Watanabe, Morimichi (2013). Izbicki, Thomas M.; Christianson, Gerald (eds.). Nicholas of Cusa – A Companion to his Life and his Times. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-1409482-536. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Hanlon 2008, p. 134. Hanlon, Gregory (2008). The Twilight Of A Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats And European Conflicts, 1560–1800. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135361433. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Domenico 2002, p. 85. Domenico, Roy Palmer (2002). The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0313307331. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Gross 2004, p. 40. Gross, Hanns (2004). Rome in the Age of Enlightenment: The Post-Tridentine Syndrome and the Ancien Régime. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521893787. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Roessler & Miklos 2003, p. 149. Roessler, Shirley Elson; Miklos, Reny (2003). Europe 1715–1919: From Enlightenment to World War. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0742568792. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Fischer 2011, p. 136. Fischer, Conan (2011). Europe between Democracy and Dictatorship: 1900–1945. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1444351453. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Abulafia, David (2003). "The Mediterranean as a battleground". The Mediterranean in History. Getty Publication. p. 268. ISBN 978-0892367252. Archived from the original on 2021-09-16. Retrieved 2020-11-18. (...) under Giuseppe Garibaldi to overthrow the Neapolitan Bourbons. After defeating a Neapolitan force at Calatafirmi, Garibaldi captured Palermo after three days of street fighting.

De Grand 2004, p. 89. De Grand, Alexander J. (2004). Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: The "fascist" Style of Rule. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0415336314. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Levillain 2002, p. 1095. Levillain, Philippe (2002). The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0415922302. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

britannica.com

"Papal States". Encyclopædia Britannica. 30 April 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.

"Papal States | historical region, Italy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2021-11-15. Retrieved 2021-11-21. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)

catholic.org

"Ostrogoths". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

"St. Gregory II – Saints & Angels". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

"Pope St. Gregory II". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

vatican.va

"Storia della Bandiera dello Stato della Città del Vaticano". vatican.va (in Italian). 31 December 2000. Anticamente la bandiera dello Stato pontificio era giallorossa (o per meglio dire amaranto e rossa, colori derivati dai colori dello stemma della Santa Sede), i due colori tradizionali del Senato e del Popolo romano, che vennero tuttavia sostituiti con il bianco e il giallo nel 1808. [In ancient times, the flag of the Papal States was yellow and red (or rather amaranth and red, colours derived from the traditional colours of the Holy See), the two traditional colours of the Senate and People of Rome, which however came to be substituted with white and yellow in 1808.]

vaticanstate.va

"Bandiera pontificia" (in Spanish). Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano. Archived from the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 2024-03-09. En el pasado, la bandera del Estado pontificio era de color amarillo y granate (o mejor dicho, carmesì y rojo, colores relacionados con el escudo de la Santa Sede), dos colores tradicionales del Senado y del Pueblo romano. [In ancient times, the flag of the Papal States was yellow and red (or rather amaranth and red, colours derived from the traditional colours of the Holy See), the two traditional colours of the Senate and People of Rome.]

"Inno Pontificio e la sua storia" (in Italian). Stato della città del Vaticano. Archived from the original on 13 March 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

web.archive.org

"Inno Pontificio e la sua storia" (in Italian). Stato della città del Vaticano. Archived from the original on 13 March 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

Statistica della popolazione dello Stato pontificio dell'anno 1853 (PDF) (in Italian). Ministry of Commerce and Public Works. 1857. p. xxii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.

(Italian: Stato della Chiesa [ˈstaːto della ˈkjɛːza]; Latin: Status Ecclesiasticus), Frederik de Wit (1700), Status Ecclesiasticus et Magnus Ducatus Thoscanae Archived 2018-03-06 at the Wayback Machine

"Papal States". Encyclopædia Britannica. 30 April 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.

"Papal States | historical region, Italy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2021-11-15. Retrieved 2021-11-21. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)

Schnürer, Gustav. "States of the Church." Archived 2007-10-30 at the Wayback Machine Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 16 July 2014

Brent, Allen (2009). A Political History of Early Christianity. A&C Black. p. 243. ISBN 9780567606051. Archived from the original on 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2020-09-26.

"Ostrogoths". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

Kleinhenz 2004, p. 1060. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135948801. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

"St. Gregory II – Saints & Angels". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

"Pope St. Gregory II". Catholic Online. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

"Sutri". From Civitavecchia to Civita Castellana. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2012.

Kleinhenz 2004, p. 324. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135948801. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Kleinhenz 2004, pp. 220, 982. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135948801. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Menache 2003, p. 142. Menache, Sophia (2003). Clement V. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0521521987. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Kleinhenz 2004, p. 802. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135948801. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Ganse, Alexander. "History of the Papal States". World History at KDMLA. Korean Minjok Leadership Academy. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2013.

"Papal States in the 16th Century". themaparchive.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

"Il 'triumvirato rosso'". Biblioteca Salaborsa (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.

"History of the Pontifical Swiss Guard". Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

Levillain 2002, p. 1095. Levillain, Philippe (2002). The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0415922302. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

Papal States (English Wikipedia)

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