Parenteral nutrition (English Wikipedia)

Yaworski JA. "Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) Frequently Asked Questions". Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2014.

clevelandclinic.org

my.clevelandclinic.org

"Parenteral Nutrition: What it Is, Uses & Types". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 2023-10-26. Retrieved 2023-10-26.

clinicalnutritionjournal.com

Arends J, Baracos V, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Calder PC, Deutz NE, et al. (October 2017). "ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition". Clinical Nutrition. 36 (5): 1187–1196. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.017. PMID 28689670. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2019-08-01.

clinicaltrials.gov

"Evaluation of OMEGAVEN 10%® (n-3 EFA Lipid Emulsion) in Home Parenteral Nutrition-associated Liver Disease (MEGANORM)". ClinicalTrials.gov. US National Library of Medicine. 30 March 2016. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2023.

doi.org

Payne-James, J. Jason; Khawaja, Hamid T. (September 1993). "Review: First Choice for Total Parenteral Nutrition: The Peripheral Route". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 17 (5): 468–478. doi:10.1177/0148607193017005468. PMID 8289417.
Heird WC, Gomez MR (June 1994). "Total parenteral nutrition in necrotizing enterocolitis". Clinics in Perinatology. 21 (2): 389–409. doi:10.1016/S0095-5108(18)30352-X. PMID 8070233.
Sobotka L, Schneider SM, Berner YN, Cederholm T, Krznaric Z, Shenkin A, et al. (August 2009). "ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: geriatrics". Clinical Nutrition. 28 (4): 461–6. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.004. PMID 19464772.
Sobotka L, Schneider SM, Berner YN, Cederholm T, Krznaric Z, Shenkin A, et al. (August 2009). "ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: geriatrics". Clinical Nutrition. 28 (4): 461–6. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.004. PMID 19464772.
Arends J, Baracos V, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Calder PC, Deutz NE, et al. (October 2017). "ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition". Clinical Nutrition. 36 (5): 1187–1196. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.017. PMID 28689670. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
Sowerbutts AM, Lal S, Sremanakova J, Clamp A, Todd C, Jayson GC, et al. (August 2018). "Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD012812. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012812.pub2. PMC 6513201. PMID 30095168.
Deshpande KS (July 2003). "Total parenteral nutrition and infections associated with use of central venous catheters". American Journal of Critical Care. 12 (4): 326–7, 380. doi:10.4037/ajcc2003.12.4.326. PMID 12882062.
Ryan JA, Abel RM, Abbott WM, Hopkins CC, Chesney TM, Colley R, et al. (April 1974). "Catheter complications in total parenteral nutrition. A prospective study of 200 consecutive patients". The New England Journal of Medicine. 290 (14): 757–61. doi:10.1056/NEJM197404042901401. PMID 4205578.
Mollitt DL, Golladay ES (August 1983). "Complications of TPN catheter-induced vena caval thrombosis in children less than one year of age". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 18 (4): 462–7. doi:10.1016/S0022-3468(83)80201-2. PMID 6413671.
Mailloux RJ, DeLegge MH, Kirby DF (Nov–Dec 1993). "Pulmonary embolism as a complication of long-term total parenteral nutrition". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 17 (6): 578–82. doi:10.1177/0148607193017006578. PMID 8301814.
Piper SN, Schade I, Beschmann RB, Maleck WH, Boldt J, Röhm KD (December 2009). "Hepatocellular integrity after parenteral nutrition: comparison of a fish-oil-containing lipid emulsion with an olive-soybean oil-based lipid emulsion". European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 26 (12): 1076–82. doi:10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832e08e0. PMID 19916246. S2CID 22406883.
Kumar Jain A, Teckman JH (2014). "Newly Identified Mechanisms of Total Parenteral Nutrition Related Liver Injury". Advances in Hepatology. 2014: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2014/621380. ISSN 2356-6744.
Tucker RA, Jenkins HL (November 1984). "Acalculous cholecystitis and fever related to total parenteral nutrition". Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy. 18 (11): 897–9. doi:10.1177/106002808401801110. PMID 6437783. S2CID 25507035.
Wang H, Khaoustov VI, Krishnan B, Cai W, Stoll B, Burrin DG, Yoffe B (October 2006). "Total parenteral nutrition induces liver steatosis and apoptosis in neonatal piglets". The Journal of Nutrition. 136 (10): 2547–52. doi:10.1093/jn/136.10.2547. PMID 16988124. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
Quigley EM, Marsh MN, Shaffer JL, Markin RS (January 1993). "Hepatobiliary complications of total parenteral nutrition". Gastroenterology. 104 (1): 286–301. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90864-9. PMID 8419252.
Vanderhoof JA, Langnas AN (November 1997). "Short-bowel syndrome in children and adults". Gastroenterology. 113 (5): 1767–78. doi:10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9352883. PMID 9352883.
Spencer AU, Neaga A, West B, Safran J, Brown P, Btaiche I, et al. (September 2005). "Pediatric short bowel syndrome: redefining predictors of success". Annals of Surgery. 242 (3): 403–9, discussion 409–12. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000179647.24046.03. PMC 1357748. PMID 16135926. (mean follow-up time was 5.1 years)
Strodtbeck F (June 2003). "The pathophysiology of prolonged periods of no enteral nutrition or nothing by mouth". Newborn & Infant Nursing Reviews. 3 (2): 47–54. doi:10.1016/S1527-3369(03)00005-9. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
Christian VJ, Tallar M, Walia CL, Sieracki R, Goday PS (November 2018). "Systematic Review of Hypersensitivity to Parenteral Nutrition". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 42 (8): 1222–1229. doi:10.1002/jpen.1169. PMID 29761928. S2CID 46888724.
Bouchoud L, Fonzo-Christe C, Klingmüller M, Bonnabry P (2013). "Compatibility of intravenous medications with parenteral nutrition: in vitro evaluation". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 37 (3): 416–24. doi:10.1177/0148607112464239. PMID 23112277. S2CID 25676758.
McCowen KC, Friel C, Sternberg J, Chan S, Forse RA, Burke PA, Bistrian BR (November 2000). "Hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition: effectiveness in prevention of hyperglycemia and infectious complications—a randomized clinical trial". Critical Care Medicine. 28 (11): 3606–11. doi:10.1097/00003246-200011000-00007. PMID 11098961. S2CID 1644195.
Landon MB, Gabbe SG, Mullen JL (March 1986). "Total parenteral nutrition during pregnancy". Clinics in Perinatology. 13 (1): 57–72. doi:10.1016/S0095-5108(18)30838-8. PMID 3082563.
Didier ME, Fischer S, Maki DG (1998). "Total nutrient admixtures appear safer than lipid emulsion alone as regards microbial contamination: growth properties of microbial pathogens at room temperature". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 22 (5): 291–6. doi:10.1177/0148607198022005291. PMID 9739032.
Rollins CJ, Elsberry VA, Pollack KA, Pollack PF, Udall JN (1990). "Three-in-one parenteral nutrition: a safe and economical method of nutritional support for infants". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 14 (3): 290–4. doi:10.1177/0148607190014003290. PMID 2112645.
Staven, Vigdis; Wang, Siri; Grønlie, Ingrid; Tho, Ingunn (2020-01-01). "Physical stability of an all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixture for preterm infants upon mixing with micronutrients and drugs". European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 27 (1): 36–42. doi:10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001562. ISSN 2047-9956. PMC 6992975. PMID 32064087.
Pertkiewicz, Marek; Cosslett, Allan; Mühlebach, Stefan; Dudrick, Stanley J. (2009-06-01). "Basics in clinical nutrition: Stability of parenteral nutrition admixtures". e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. 4 (3): e117–e119. doi:10.1016/j.eclnm.2009.01.010. ISSN 1751-4991.
Stawny, M.; Olijarczyk, R.; Jaroszkiewicz, E.; Jelińska, A. (2013). "Pharmaceutical Point of View on Parenteral Nutrition". The Scientific World Journal. 2013: 415310. doi:10.1155/2013/415310. ISSN 1537-744X. PMC 3885274. PMID 24453847.
Skolnik, P.; Eaglstein, W. H.; Ziboh, V. A. (Jul 1977). "Human essential fatty acid deficiency: treatment by topical application of linoleic acid". Archives of Dermatology. 113 (7): 939–941. doi:10.1001/archderm.1977.01640070073010. ISSN 0003-987X. PMID 406855. Archived from the original on 2021-01-01. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
Park KT, Nespor C, Kerner J (April 2011). "The use of Omegaven in treating parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease". Journal of Perinatology. 31 (Suppl 1): S57-60. doi:10.1038/jp.2010.182. PMID 21448206.
Wilmore DW, Groff DB, Bishop HC, Dudrick SJ (April 1969). "Total parenteral nutrition in infants with catastrophic gastrointestinal anomalies". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 4 (2): 181–9. doi:10.1016/0022-3468(69)90389-3. PMID 4976039.

drugbase.de

"Addaven Konzentrat zur Herstellung einer Infusionslösung". Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart. 2015-10-26. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-16.

fda.gov

accessdata.fda.gov

"Cernevit™-12 (multivitamins for infusion)" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2015-10-19.

gosh.nhs.uk

"Living with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at home". Great Ormond Street Hospital. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.

guideline.gov

"American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: parenteral nutrition". Archived from the original on 2007-07-30. Retrieved 2008-01-05.

nainr.com

Strodtbeck F (June 2003). "The pathophysiology of prolonged periods of no enteral nutrition or nothing by mouth". Newborn & Infant Nursing Reviews. 3 (2): 47–54. doi:10.1016/S1527-3369(03)00005-9. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2016.

nice.org.uk

"BNFc is only available in the UK". NICE. Archived from the original on 2021-02-16. Retrieved 2021-02-19.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Payne-James, J. Jason; Khawaja, Hamid T. (September 1993). "Review: First Choice for Total Parenteral Nutrition: The Peripheral Route". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 17 (5): 468–478. doi:10.1177/0148607193017005468. PMID 8289417.
Heird WC, Gomez MR (June 1994). "Total parenteral nutrition in necrotizing enterocolitis". Clinics in Perinatology. 21 (2): 389–409. doi:10.1016/S0095-5108(18)30352-X. PMID 8070233.
Sobotka L, Schneider SM, Berner YN, Cederholm T, Krznaric Z, Shenkin A, et al. (August 2009). "ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: geriatrics". Clinical Nutrition. 28 (4): 461–6. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.004. PMID 19464772.
Sobotka L, Schneider SM, Berner YN, Cederholm T, Krznaric Z, Shenkin A, et al. (August 2009). "ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: geriatrics". Clinical Nutrition. 28 (4): 461–6. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.004. PMID 19464772.
Arends J, Baracos V, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Calder PC, Deutz NE, et al. (October 2017). "ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition". Clinical Nutrition. 36 (5): 1187–1196. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.017. PMID 28689670. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
Sowerbutts AM, Lal S, Sremanakova J, Clamp A, Todd C, Jayson GC, et al. (August 2018). "Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD012812. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012812.pub2. PMC 6513201. PMID 30095168.
Deshpande KS (July 2003). "Total parenteral nutrition and infections associated with use of central venous catheters". American Journal of Critical Care. 12 (4): 326–7, 380. doi:10.4037/ajcc2003.12.4.326. PMID 12882062.
Ryan JA, Abel RM, Abbott WM, Hopkins CC, Chesney TM, Colley R, et al. (April 1974). "Catheter complications in total parenteral nutrition. A prospective study of 200 consecutive patients". The New England Journal of Medicine. 290 (14): 757–61. doi:10.1056/NEJM197404042901401. PMID 4205578.
Mollitt DL, Golladay ES (August 1983). "Complications of TPN catheter-induced vena caval thrombosis in children less than one year of age". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 18 (4): 462–7. doi:10.1016/S0022-3468(83)80201-2. PMID 6413671.
Mailloux RJ, DeLegge MH, Kirby DF (Nov–Dec 1993). "Pulmonary embolism as a complication of long-term total parenteral nutrition". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 17 (6): 578–82. doi:10.1177/0148607193017006578. PMID 8301814.
Piper SN, Schade I, Beschmann RB, Maleck WH, Boldt J, Röhm KD (December 2009). "Hepatocellular integrity after parenteral nutrition: comparison of a fish-oil-containing lipid emulsion with an olive-soybean oil-based lipid emulsion". European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 26 (12): 1076–82. doi:10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832e08e0. PMID 19916246. S2CID 22406883.
Tucker RA, Jenkins HL (November 1984). "Acalculous cholecystitis and fever related to total parenteral nutrition". Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy. 18 (11): 897–9. doi:10.1177/106002808401801110. PMID 6437783. S2CID 25507035.
Wang H, Khaoustov VI, Krishnan B, Cai W, Stoll B, Burrin DG, Yoffe B (October 2006). "Total parenteral nutrition induces liver steatosis and apoptosis in neonatal piglets". The Journal of Nutrition. 136 (10): 2547–52. doi:10.1093/jn/136.10.2547. PMID 16988124. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
Quigley EM, Marsh MN, Shaffer JL, Markin RS (January 1993). "Hepatobiliary complications of total parenteral nutrition". Gastroenterology. 104 (1): 286–301. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90864-9. PMID 8419252.
Vanderhoof JA, Langnas AN (November 1997). "Short-bowel syndrome in children and adults". Gastroenterology. 113 (5): 1767–78. doi:10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9352883. PMID 9352883.
Spencer AU, Neaga A, West B, Safran J, Brown P, Btaiche I, et al. (September 2005). "Pediatric short bowel syndrome: redefining predictors of success". Annals of Surgery. 242 (3): 403–9, discussion 409–12. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000179647.24046.03. PMC 1357748. PMID 16135926. (mean follow-up time was 5.1 years)
Guimbretiere J, Nicolas F, Nicolas G, Guimbretiere L (April 1965). "4 Cases of Intolerance to Lipid Perfusions Observed with an Emulsion of Cotton Seed Oil in the Presence of Soya Lecithin and Dl-Alpha-Tocopherol". Cahiers d'Anesthésiologie. 13: 355–70. PMID 14343541.
Christian VJ, Tallar M, Walia CL, Sieracki R, Goday PS (November 2018). "Systematic Review of Hypersensitivity to Parenteral Nutrition". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 42 (8): 1222–1229. doi:10.1002/jpen.1169. PMID 29761928. S2CID 46888724.
Bouchoud L, Fonzo-Christe C, Klingmüller M, Bonnabry P (2013). "Compatibility of intravenous medications with parenteral nutrition: in vitro evaluation". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 37 (3): 416–24. doi:10.1177/0148607112464239. PMID 23112277. S2CID 25676758.
McCowen KC, Friel C, Sternberg J, Chan S, Forse RA, Burke PA, Bistrian BR (November 2000). "Hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition: effectiveness in prevention of hyperglycemia and infectious complications—a randomized clinical trial". Critical Care Medicine. 28 (11): 3606–11. doi:10.1097/00003246-200011000-00007. PMID 11098961. S2CID 1644195.
Landon MB, Gabbe SG, Mullen JL (March 1986). "Total parenteral nutrition during pregnancy". Clinics in Perinatology. 13 (1): 57–72. doi:10.1016/S0095-5108(18)30838-8. PMID 3082563.
Didier ME, Fischer S, Maki DG (1998). "Total nutrient admixtures appear safer than lipid emulsion alone as regards microbial contamination: growth properties of microbial pathogens at room temperature". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 22 (5): 291–6. doi:10.1177/0148607198022005291. PMID 9739032.
Rollins CJ, Elsberry VA, Pollack KA, Pollack PF, Udall JN (1990). "Three-in-one parenteral nutrition: a safe and economical method of nutritional support for infants". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 14 (3): 290–4. doi:10.1177/0148607190014003290. PMID 2112645.
Staven, Vigdis; Wang, Siri; Grønlie, Ingrid; Tho, Ingunn (2020-01-01). "Physical stability of an all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixture for preterm infants upon mixing with micronutrients and drugs". European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 27 (1): 36–42. doi:10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001562. ISSN 2047-9956. PMC 6992975. PMID 32064087.
Stawny, M.; Olijarczyk, R.; Jaroszkiewicz, E.; Jelińska, A. (2013). "Pharmaceutical Point of View on Parenteral Nutrition". The Scientific World Journal. 2013: 415310. doi:10.1155/2013/415310. ISSN 1537-744X. PMC 3885274. PMID 24453847.
Skolnik, P.; Eaglstein, W. H.; Ziboh, V. A. (Jul 1977). "Human essential fatty acid deficiency: treatment by topical application of linoleic acid". Archives of Dermatology. 113 (7): 939–941. doi:10.1001/archderm.1977.01640070073010. ISSN 0003-987X. PMID 406855. Archived from the original on 2021-01-01. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
Park KT, Nespor C, Kerner J (April 2011). "The use of Omegaven in treating parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease". Journal of Perinatology. 31 (Suppl 1): S57-60. doi:10.1038/jp.2010.182. PMID 21448206.
Wilmore DW, Groff DB, Bishop HC, Dudrick SJ (April 1969). "Total parenteral nutrition in infants with catastrophic gastrointestinal anomalies". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 4 (2): 181–9. doi:10.1016/0022-3468(69)90389-3. PMID 4976039.
Dudrick SJ, Wilmore DW, Vars HM, Rhoads JE (July 1968). "Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogen balance". Surgery. 64 (1): 134–42. PMID 4968812.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sowerbutts AM, Lal S, Sremanakova J, Clamp A, Todd C, Jayson GC, et al. (August 2018). "Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD012812. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012812.pub2. PMC 6513201. PMID 30095168.
Spencer AU, Neaga A, West B, Safran J, Brown P, Btaiche I, et al. (September 2005). "Pediatric short bowel syndrome: redefining predictors of success". Annals of Surgery. 242 (3): 403–9, discussion 409–12. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000179647.24046.03. PMC 1357748. PMID 16135926. (mean follow-up time was 5.1 years)
Staven, Vigdis; Wang, Siri; Grønlie, Ingrid; Tho, Ingunn (2020-01-01). "Physical stability of an all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixture for preterm infants upon mixing with micronutrients and drugs". European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 27 (1): 36–42. doi:10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001562. ISSN 2047-9956. PMC 6992975. PMID 32064087.
Stawny, M.; Olijarczyk, R.; Jaroszkiewicz, E.; Jelińska, A. (2013). "Pharmaceutical Point of View on Parenteral Nutrition". The Scientific World Journal. 2013: 415310. doi:10.1155/2013/415310. ISSN 1537-744X. PMC 3885274. PMID 24453847.

nps.org.au

"Cernevit" (PDF). NPS MedicineWise. October 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10-19.

nsw.gov.au

ciap.health.nsw.gov.au

Intravenous Potassium Guidelines (ADULTS) Archived 2011-02-24 at the Wayback Machine From RNSH Pharmacy Department. Authorised by: Margaret Duguid. Last Modified: June 2006.

nutrition.org

jn.nutrition.org

Wang H, Khaoustov VI, Krishnan B, Cai W, Stoll B, Burrin DG, Yoffe B (October 2006). "Total parenteral nutrition induces liver steatosis and apoptosis in neonatal piglets". The Journal of Nutrition. 136 (10): 2547–52. doi:10.1093/jn/136.10.2547. PMID 16988124. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2011-03-25.

pharmamanufacturingdirectory.com

"Parenteral Manufacturing & Filling". Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.

ptcommunity.com

Hayes EM, Cohen KR, Pinard BE, Lauletta J, Ruggiero R (2000). "Standardized versusindividually customized parenteral nutrition solutions: a comparison ofserum electrolyte values" (PDF). P&T. 25 (2): 78–80, 83, 87. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-09-17.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Piper SN, Schade I, Beschmann RB, Maleck WH, Boldt J, Röhm KD (December 2009). "Hepatocellular integrity after parenteral nutrition: comparison of a fish-oil-containing lipid emulsion with an olive-soybean oil-based lipid emulsion". European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 26 (12): 1076–82. doi:10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832e08e0. PMID 19916246. S2CID 22406883.
Tucker RA, Jenkins HL (November 1984). "Acalculous cholecystitis and fever related to total parenteral nutrition". Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy. 18 (11): 897–9. doi:10.1177/106002808401801110. PMID 6437783. S2CID 25507035.
Christian VJ, Tallar M, Walia CL, Sieracki R, Goday PS (November 2018). "Systematic Review of Hypersensitivity to Parenteral Nutrition". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 42 (8): 1222–1229. doi:10.1002/jpen.1169. PMID 29761928. S2CID 46888724.
Bouchoud L, Fonzo-Christe C, Klingmüller M, Bonnabry P (2013). "Compatibility of intravenous medications with parenteral nutrition: in vitro evaluation". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 37 (3): 416–24. doi:10.1177/0148607112464239. PMID 23112277. S2CID 25676758.
McCowen KC, Friel C, Sternberg J, Chan S, Forse RA, Burke PA, Bistrian BR (November 2000). "Hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition: effectiveness in prevention of hyperglycemia and infectious complications—a randomized clinical trial". Critical Care Medicine. 28 (11): 3606–11. doi:10.1097/00003246-200011000-00007. PMID 11098961. S2CID 1644195.

uni-erlangen.de

www2.chemie.uni-erlangen.de

"Lecithin – An Emulsifier for Parenteral Use: TORVS Research Team". Archived from the original on 2020-11-27. Retrieved 2012-11-20.

web.archive.org

"BNFc is only available in the UK". NICE. Archived from the original on 2021-02-16. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
"Parenteral Manufacturing & Filling". Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
"Commercial Compounders". BSNA. Archived from the original on 2021-03-03. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
"Parenteral Nutrition: What it Is, Uses & Types". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 2023-10-26. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
"American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: parenteral nutrition". Archived from the original on 2007-07-30. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
Arends J, Baracos V, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Calder PC, Deutz NE, et al. (October 2017). "ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition". Clinical Nutrition. 36 (5): 1187–1196. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.017. PMID 28689670. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
Yaworski JA. "Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) Frequently Asked Questions". Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
"Living with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at home". Great Ormond Street Hospital. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
"Evaluation of OMEGAVEN 10%® (n-3 EFA Lipid Emulsion) in Home Parenteral Nutrition-associated Liver Disease (MEGANORM)". ClinicalTrials.gov. US National Library of Medicine. 30 March 2016. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
"Bowel Obstruction". Women's Health. 9 May 2013. Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
Wang H, Khaoustov VI, Krishnan B, Cai W, Stoll B, Burrin DG, Yoffe B (October 2006). "Total parenteral nutrition induces liver steatosis and apoptosis in neonatal piglets". The Journal of Nutrition. 136 (10): 2547–52. doi:10.1093/jn/136.10.2547. PMID 16988124. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
"Gastroenterology Grand Rounds". Archived from the original on 2006-09-10. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
Strodtbeck F (June 2003). "The pathophysiology of prolonged periods of no enteral nutrition or nothing by mouth". Newborn & Infant Nursing Reviews. 3 (2): 47–54. doi:10.1016/S1527-3369(03)00005-9. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
Hayes EM, Cohen KR, Pinard BE, Lauletta J, Ruggiero R (2000). "Standardized versusindividually customized parenteral nutrition solutions: a comparison ofserum electrolyte values" (PDF). P&T. 25 (2): 78–80, 83, 87. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
Intravenous Potassium Guidelines (ADULTS) Archived 2011-02-24 at the Wayback Machine From RNSH Pharmacy Department. Authorised by: Margaret Duguid. Last Modified: June 2006.
"Cernevit™-12 (multivitamins for infusion)" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
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