Parsec (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Parsec" in English language version.

Last modified: 20:00:55, 24 October 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

98adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

76doi.org

2^nd place

42space.com

862^nd place

703^rd place

44nasa.gov

12^th place

73^rd place

33web.archive.org

1^st place

22esa.int

1,073^rd place

1,115^th place

11utexas.edu

868^th place

634^th place

11stardate.org

low place

11zenodo.org

737^th place

426^th place

11iau.org

745^th place

2,951^st place

11ohio-state.edu

7,569^th place

6,616^th place

11books.google.com

3^rd place

11obspm.fr

9,159^th place

low place

11britannica.com

37^th place

64^th place

11rmg.co.uk

6,393^rd place

4,093^rd place

11universeguide.com

low place

11astronomy.com

8,265^th place

6,952^nd place

11uniroma1.it

9,508^th place

low place

11arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

11semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

11scientificamerican.com

1,110^th place

817^th place

11worldcat.org

4^th place

11esquire.com

893^rd place

582^nd place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Dyson, F. W. (March 1913). "The distribution in space of the stars in Carrington's Circumpolar Catalogue". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 73 (5): 342. Bibcode:1913MNRAS..73..334D. doi:10.1093/mnras/73.5.334. [paragraph 14, page 342] Taking the unit of distance R* to be that corresponding to a parallax of 1″·0 [… Footnote:]
* There is need for a name for this unit of distance. Mr. Charlier has suggested Siriometer, but if the violence to the Greek language can be overlooked, the word Astron might be adopted. Professor Turner suggests Parsec, which may be taken as an abbreviated form of "a distance corresponding to a parallax of one second".
Cox, Arthur N., ed. (2000). Allen's Astrophysical Quantities (4th ed.). New York: AIP Press / Springer. Bibcode:2000asqu.book.....C. ISBN 978-0387987460.
Binney, James; Tremaine, Scott (2008). Galactic Dynamics (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Bibcode:2008gady.book.....B. ISBN 978-0-691-13026-2.
Bessel, F. W. (1838). "Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Sterns des Schwans" [Determination of the distance of the 61st star of Cygnus]. Astronomische Nachrichten. 16 (5): 65–96. Bibcode:1838AN.....16...65B. doi:10.1002/asna.18390160502.
B. Luque; F. J. Ballesteros (2019). "Title: To the Sun and beyond". Nature Physics. 15 (12): 1302. Bibcode:2019NatPh..15.1302L. doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0685-3.
Mei, S.; Blakeslee, J. P.; Côté, P.; et al. (2007). "The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three-dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 144–162. arXiv:astro-ph/0702510. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..144M. doi:10.1086/509598. S2CID 16483538.
Lineweaver, Charles H.; Davis, Tamara M. (1 March 2005). "Misconceptions about the Big Bang". Scientific American. 292 (3): 36–45. Bibcode:2005SciAm.292c..36L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0305-36. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
Kirshner, R. P.; Oemler, A. Jr.; Schechter, P. L.; Shectman, S. A. (1981). "A million cubic megaparsec void in Bootes". The Astrophysical Journal. 248: L57. Bibcode:1981ApJ...248L..57K. doi:10.1086/183623. ISSN 0004-637X.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Mei, S.; Blakeslee, J. P.; Côté, P.; et al. (2007). "The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three-dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 144–162. arXiv:astro-ph/0702510. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..144M. doi:10.1086/509598. S2CID 16483538.

astronomy.com (Global: 8,265^th place; English: 6,952^nd place)

"Why is a parsec 3.26 light-years?". Astronomy.com. 1 February 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2021.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Bothun, Gregory (25 November 2020). Modern Cosmological Observations and Problems. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-000-12402-6. Retrieved 20 November 2025.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"How Do We Know How Far Away the Stars Are?". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 16 January 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Dyson, F. W. (March 1913). "The distribution in space of the stars in Carrington's Circumpolar Catalogue". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 73 (5): 342. Bibcode:1913MNRAS..73..334D. doi:10.1093/mnras/73.5.334. [paragraph 14, page 342] Taking the unit of distance R* to be that corresponding to a parallax of 1″·0 [… Footnote:]
* There is need for a name for this unit of distance. Mr. Charlier has suggested Siriometer, but if the violence to the Greek language can be overlooked, the word Astron might be adopted. Professor Turner suggests Parsec, which may be taken as an abbreviated form of "a distance corresponding to a parallax of one second".
Bessel, F. W. (1838). "Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Sterns des Schwans" [Determination of the distance of the 61st star of Cygnus]. Astronomische Nachrichten. 16 (5): 65–96. Bibcode:1838AN.....16...65B. doi:10.1002/asna.18390160502.
B. Luque; F. J. Ballesteros (2019). "Title: To the Sun and beyond". Nature Physics. 15 (12): 1302. Bibcode:2019NatPh..15.1302L. doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0685-3.
Mei, S.; Blakeslee, J. P.; Côté, P.; et al. (2007). "The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three-dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 144–162. arXiv:astro-ph/0702510. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..144M. doi:10.1086/509598. S2CID 16483538.
Lineweaver, Charles H.; Davis, Tamara M. (1 March 2005). "Misconceptions about the Big Bang". Scientific American. 292 (3): 36–45. Bibcode:2005SciAm.292c..36L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0305-36. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
Kirshner, R. P.; Oemler, A. Jr.; Schechter, P. L.; Shectman, S. A. (1981). "A million cubic megaparsec void in Bootes". The Astrophysical Journal. 248: L57. Bibcode:1981ApJ...248L..57K. doi:10.1086/183623. ISSN 0004-637X.

esa.int (Global: 1,073^rd place; English: 1,115^th place)

rssd.esa.int

"The Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission". Retrieved 28 August 2007.

sci.esa.int

"GAIA". European Space Agency.

esquire.com (Global: 893^rd place; English: 582^nd place)

"'Solo' Corrected One of the Most Infamous 'Star Wars' Plot Holes". Esquire. 30 May 2018.

iau.org (Global: 745^th place; English: 2,951^st place)

"Resolution B2 on recommended zero points for the absolute and apparent bolometric magnitude scales" (PDF), Resolution B2, Honolulu: International Astronomical Union, 13 August 2015, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2024, retrieved 14 July 2020, The XXIX General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union notes [4] that the parsec is defined as exactly (648 000/ $\pi$ ) au per the AU definition in IAU 2012 Resolution B2

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

obspm.fr (Global: 9,159^th place; English: low place)

wwwhip.obspm.fr

Turon, Catherine. "From Hipparchus to Hipparcos".

ohio-state.edu (Global: 7,569^th place; English: 6,616^th place)

astronomy.ohio-state.edu

Pogge, Richard. "Astronomy 162". Ohio State University.

rmg.co.uk (Global: 6,393^rd place; English: 4,093^rd place)

"The Pleiades Star Cluster | Royal Observatory Greenwich Astronomy Guides". www.rmg.co.uk. Retrieved 16 January 2025.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

Lineweaver, Charles H.; Davis, Tamara M. (1 March 2005). "Misconceptions about the Big Bang". Scientific American. 292 (3): 36–45. Bibcode:2005SciAm.292c..36L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0305-36. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2016.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Mei, S.; Blakeslee, J. P.; Côté, P.; et al. (2007). "The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three-dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 144–162. arXiv:astro-ph/0702510. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..144M. doi:10.1086/509598. S2CID 16483538.

space.com (Global: 862^nd place; English: 703^rd place)

Andrew May (29 July 2022). "What is a parsec? Definition and calculation". Space.com. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
Choi, Charlse (5 November 2019). "'Star Wars' Gets the Parsec Wrong Again in 'The Mandalorian'". space.com. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

stardate.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Farthest Stars". StarDate. University of Texas at Austin. 15 May 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.

uniroma1.it (Global: 9,508^th place; English: low place)

pil.phys.uniroma1.it

"Galaxy structures: the large scale structure of the nearby universe". Archived from the original on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.

universeguide.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Guide, Universe (18 September 2022). "Eso 383-76 Galaxy Facts, Distance & Size". Universe Guide. Retrieved 16 January 2025.

utexas.edu (Global: 868^th place; English: 634^th place)

clyde.as.utexas.edu

Benedict, G. F.; et al. "Astrometric Stability and Precision of Fine Guidance Sensor #3: The Parallax and Proper Motion of Proxima Centauri" (PDF). Proceedings of the HST Calibration Workshop. pp. 380–384. Retrieved 11 July 2007.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Resolution B2 on recommended zero points for the absolute and apparent bolometric magnitude scales" (PDF), Resolution B2, Honolulu: International Astronomical Union, 13 August 2015, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2024, retrieved 14 July 2020, The XXIX General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union notes [4] that the parsec is defined as exactly (648 000/ $\pi$ ) au per the AU definition in IAU 2012 Resolution B2
"Galaxy structures: the large scale structure of the nearby universe". Archived from the original on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
Lineweaver, Charles H.; Davis, Tamara M. (1 March 2005). "Misconceptions about the Big Bang". Scientific American. 292 (3): 36–45. Bibcode:2005SciAm.292c..36L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0305-36. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2016.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Kirshner, R. P.; Oemler, A. Jr.; Schechter, P. L.; Shectman, S. A. (1981). "A million cubic megaparsec void in Bootes". The Astrophysical Journal. 248: L57. Bibcode:1981ApJ...248L..57K. doi:10.1086/183623. ISSN 0004-637X.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Bessel, F. W. (1838). "Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Sterns des Schwans" [Determination of the distance of the 61st star of Cygnus]. Astronomische Nachrichten. 16 (5): 65–96. Bibcode:1838AN.....16...65B. doi:10.1002/asna.18390160502.

Parsec (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

astronomy.com (Global: 8,265th place; English: 6,952nd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

esa.int (Global: 1,073rd place; English: 1,115th place)

rssd.esa.int

sci.esa.int

esquire.com (Global: 893rd place; English: 582nd place)

iau.org (Global: 745th place; English: 2,951st place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12th place; English: 73rd place)

nasa.gov

heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

obspm.fr (Global: 9,159th place; English: low place)

wwwhip.obspm.fr

ohio-state.edu (Global: 7,569th place; English: 6,616th place)

astronomy.ohio-state.edu

rmg.co.uk (Global: 6,393rd place; English: 4,093rd place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110th place; English: 817th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

space.com (Global: 862nd place; English: 703rd place)

stardate.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

uniroma1.it (Global: 9,508th place; English: low place)

pil.phys.uniroma1.it

universeguide.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

utexas.edu (Global: 868th place; English: 634th place)

clyde.as.utexas.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zenodo.org (Global: 737th place; English: 426th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

astronomy.com (Global: 8,265^th place; English: 6,952^nd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

esa.int (Global: 1,073^rd place; English: 1,115^th place)

esquire.com (Global: 893^rd place; English: 582^nd place)

iau.org (Global: 745^th place; English: 2,951^st place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

obspm.fr (Global: 9,159^th place; English: low place)

ohio-state.edu (Global: 7,569^th place; English: 6,616^th place)

rmg.co.uk (Global: 6,393^rd place; English: 4,093^rd place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

space.com (Global: 862^nd place; English: 703^rd place)

uniroma1.it (Global: 9,508^th place; English: low place)

utexas.edu (Global: 868^th place; English: 634^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)