Particle physics (English Wikipedia)

Braibant, S.; Giacomelli, G.; Spurio, M. (2009). Particles and Fundamental Interactions: An Introduction to Particle Physics. Springer. pp. 313–314. ISBN 978-94-007-2463-1. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
Povh, B.; Rith, K.; Scholz, C.; Zetsche, F.; Lavelle, M. (2004). "Part I: Analysis: The building blocks of matter". Particles and Nuclei: An Introduction to the Physical Concepts (4th ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-20168-7. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022. Ordinary matter is composed entirely of first-generation particles, namely the u and d quarks, plus the electron and its neutrino.
Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W. (1 January 2013). Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume 2. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-285-62958-2.
"Role as gauge boson and polarization" §5.1 in Aitchison, I. J. R.; Hey, A. J. G. (1993). Gauge Theories in Particle Physics. IOP Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85274-328-7.
Watkins, Peter (1986). Story of the W and Z. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780521318754. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2022.

cas.cn

english.ihep.cas.cn

"IHEP | Home". ihep.ac.cn. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2015.

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Decamp, D. (1989). "Determination of the number of light neutrino species". Physics Letters B. 231 (4): 519–529. Bibcode:1989PhLB..231..519D. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(89)90704-1. hdl:11384/1735.

info.cern.ch

"Welcome to". Info.cern.ch. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

desy.de

"Germany's largest accelerator centre". Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

doi.org

Grossman, M. I. (2014). "John Dalton and the London Atomists". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 68 (4): 339–356. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2014.0025. PMC 4213434.
Jaeger, Gregg (2021). "The Elementary Particles of Quantum Fields". Entropy. 23 (11): 1416. Bibcode:2021Entrp..23.1416J. doi:10.3390/e23111416. PMC 8623095. PMID 34828114.
Nakamura, K. (1 July 2010). "Review of Particle Physics". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 37 (7A): 1–708. Bibcode:2010JPhG...37g5021N. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/37/7A/075021. hdl:10481/34593. PMID 10020536.
Decamp, D. (1989). "Determination of the number of light neutrino species". Physics Letters B. 231 (4): 519–529. Bibcode:1989PhLB..231..519D. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(89)90704-1. hdl:11384/1735.
Debrescu, B. A. (2005). "Massless Gauge Bosons Other Than The Photon". Physical Review Letters. 94 (15): 151802. arXiv:hep-ph/0411004. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..94o1802D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.151802. PMID 15904133. S2CID 7123874.
Tsan, Ung Chan (2013). "Mass, Matter, Materialization, Mattergenesis and Conservation of Charge". International Journal of Modern Physics E. 22 (5): 1350027. Bibcode:2013IJMPE..2250027T. doi:10.1142/S0218301313500274. Matter conservation means conservation of baryonic number A and leptonic number L, A and L being algebraic numbers. Positive A and L are associated to matter particles, negative A and L are associated to antimatter particles. All known interactions do conserve matter.
Close, F. E. (1988). "Gluonic Hadrons". Reports on Progress in Physics. 51 (6): 833–882. Bibcode:1988RPPh...51..833C. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/51/6/002. S2CID 250819208.
Fleming, D. G.; Arseneau, D. J.; Sukhorukov, O.; Brewer, J. H.; Mielke, S. L.; Schatz, G. C.; Garrett, B. C.; Peterson, K. A.; Truhlar, D. G. (28 January 2011). "Kinetic Isotope Effects for the Reactions of Muonic Helium and Muonium with H₂". Science. 331 (6016): 448–450. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..448F. doi:10.1126/science.1199421. PMID 21273484. S2CID 206530683.
Harrison, M.; Ludlam, T.; Ozaki, S. (March 2003). "RHIC project overview". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 499 (2–3): 235–244. Bibcode:2003NIMPA.499..235H. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01937-X. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
Courant, Ernest D. (December 2003). "Accelerators, Colliders, and Snakes". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 53 (1): 1–37. Bibcode:2003ARNPS..53....1C. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110450. ISSN 0163-8998.

englishrussia.com

"The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics". English Russia. 21 January 2012. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

fnal.gov

"Fermilab | Home". Fnal.gov. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
"Fermilab | Science at Fermilab | Benefits to Society". Fnal.gov. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

gsu.edu

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Nave, R. "The Color Force". HyperPhysics. Georgia State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
Nave, C. R. "The Color Force". HyperPhysics. Georgia State University, Department of Physics. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2012.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Nakamura, K. (1 July 2010). "Review of Particle Physics". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 37 (7A): 1–708. Bibcode:2010JPhG...37g5021N. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/37/7A/075021. hdl:10481/34593. PMID 10020536.
Decamp, D. (1989). "Determination of the number of light neutrino species". Physics Letters B. 231 (4): 519–529. Bibcode:1989PhLB..231..519D. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(89)90704-1. hdl:11384/1735.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jaeger, Gregg (2021). "The Elementary Particles of Quantum Fields". Entropy. 23 (11): 1416. Bibcode:2021Entrp..23.1416J. doi:10.3390/e23111416. PMC 8623095. PMID 34828114.
Nakamura, K. (1 July 2010). "Review of Particle Physics". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 37 (7A): 1–708. Bibcode:2010JPhG...37g5021N. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/37/7A/075021. hdl:10481/34593. PMID 10020536.
Decamp, D. (1989). "Determination of the number of light neutrino species". Physics Letters B. 231 (4): 519–529. Bibcode:1989PhLB..231..519D. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(89)90704-1. hdl:11384/1735.
Debrescu, B. A. (2005). "Massless Gauge Bosons Other Than The Photon". Physical Review Letters. 94 (15): 151802. arXiv:hep-ph/0411004. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..94o1802D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.151802. PMID 15904133. S2CID 7123874.
Tsan, Ung Chan (2013). "Mass, Matter, Materialization, Mattergenesis and Conservation of Charge". International Journal of Modern Physics E. 22 (5): 1350027. Bibcode:2013IJMPE..2250027T. doi:10.1142/S0218301313500274. Matter conservation means conservation of baryonic number A and leptonic number L, A and L being algebraic numbers. Positive A and L are associated to matter particles, negative A and L are associated to antimatter particles. All known interactions do conserve matter.
Close, F. E. (1988). "Gluonic Hadrons". Reports on Progress in Physics. 51 (6): 833–882. Bibcode:1988RPPh...51..833C. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/51/6/002. S2CID 250819208.
Fleming, D. G.; Arseneau, D. J.; Sukhorukov, O.; Brewer, J. H.; Mielke, S. L.; Schatz, G. C.; Garrett, B. C.; Peterson, K. A.; Truhlar, D. G. (28 January 2011). "Kinetic Isotope Effects for the Reactions of Muonic Helium and Muonium with H₂". Science. 331 (6016): 448–450. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..448F. doi:10.1126/science.1199421. PMID 21273484. S2CID 206530683.
Harrison, M.; Ludlam, T.; Ozaki, S. (March 2003). "RHIC project overview". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 499 (2–3): 235–244. Bibcode:2003NIMPA.499..235H. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01937-X. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
Courant, Ernest D. (December 2003). "Accelerators, Colliders, and Snakes". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 53 (1): 1–37. Bibcode:2003ARNPS..53....1C. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110450. ISSN 0163-8998.

home.cern

"Antimatter". 1 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
"The Standard Model". CERN. Retrieved 7 September 2023.

kek.jp

legacy.kek.jp

"Kek | High Energy Accelerator Research Organization". Legacy.kek.jp. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

lbl.gov

pdg.lbl.gov

Bernardi, G.; Carena, M.; Junk, T. (2007). "Higgs bosons: Theory and searches" (PDF). Review: Hypothetical particles and Concepts. Particle Data Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2022.

lbl.gov

"Antimatter". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 23 August 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2008.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jaeger, Gregg (2021). "The Elementary Particles of Quantum Fields". Entropy. 23 (11): 1416. Bibcode:2021Entrp..23.1416J. doi:10.3390/e23111416. PMC 8623095. PMID 34828114.
Nakamura, K. (1 July 2010). "Review of Particle Physics". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 37 (7A): 1–708. Bibcode:2010JPhG...37g5021N. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/37/7A/075021. hdl:10481/34593. PMID 10020536.
Debrescu, B. A. (2005). "Massless Gauge Bosons Other Than The Photon". Physical Review Letters. 94 (15): 151802. arXiv:hep-ph/0411004. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..94o1802D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.151802. PMID 15904133. S2CID 7123874.
Fleming, D. G.; Arseneau, D. J.; Sukhorukov, O.; Brewer, J. H.; Mielke, S. L.; Schatz, G. C.; Garrett, B. C.; Peterson, K. A.; Truhlar, D. G. (28 January 2011). "Kinetic Isotope Effects for the Reactions of Muonic Helium and Muonium with H₂". Science. 331 (6016): 448–450. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..448F. doi:10.1126/science.1199421. PMID 21273484. S2CID 206530683.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Grossman, M. I. (2014). "John Dalton and the London Atomists". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 68 (4): 339–356. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2014.0025. PMC 4213434.
Jaeger, Gregg (2021). "The Elementary Particles of Quantum Fields". Entropy. 23 (11): 1416. Bibcode:2021Entrp..23.1416J. doi:10.3390/e23111416. PMC 8623095. PMID 34828114.

novelresearchinstitute.org

"Fundamentals of Physics and Nuclear Physics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.

nsk.su

vepp2k.inp.nsk.su

"index". Vepp2k.inp.nsk.su. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.

v4.inp.nsk.su

"The VEPP-4 accelerating-storage complex". V4.inp.nsk.su. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2012.

inp.nsk.su

"VEPP-2M collider complex" (in Russian). Inp.nsk.su. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2012.

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

Sokal, A. (22 July 1996). "Don't Pull the String Yet on Superstring Theory". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2010.

pressbooks.pub

uen.pressbooks.pub

Kofoed, Melissa; Miller, Shawn (July 2024). Introductory Chemistry.

quantumdiaries.org

Gagnon, Pauline (14 March 2014). "Standard Model: a beautiful but flawed theory". Quantum Diaries. Retrieved 7 September 2023.

science.org

Fleming, D. G.; Arseneau, D. J.; Sukhorukov, O.; Brewer, J. H.; Mielke, S. L.; Schatz, G. C.; Garrett, B. C.; Peterson, K. A.; Truhlar, D. G. (28 January 2011). "Kinetic Isotope Effects for the Reactions of Muonic Helium and Muonium with H₂". Science. 331 (6016): 448–450. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..448F. doi:10.1126/science.1199421. PMID 21273484. S2CID 206530683.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Debrescu, B. A. (2005). "Massless Gauge Bosons Other Than The Photon". Physical Review Letters. 94 (15): 151802. arXiv:hep-ph/0411004. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..94o1802D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.151802. PMID 15904133. S2CID 7123874.
Close, F. E. (1988). "Gluonic Hadrons". Reports on Progress in Physics. 51 (6): 833–882. Bibcode:1988RPPh...51..833C. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/51/6/002. S2CID 250819208.
Fleming, D. G.; Arseneau, D. J.; Sukhorukov, O.; Brewer, J. H.; Mielke, S. L.; Schatz, G. C.; Garrett, B. C.; Peterson, K. A.; Truhlar, D. G. (28 January 2011). "Kinetic Isotope Effects for the Reactions of Muonic Helium and Muonium with H₂". Science. 331 (6016): 448–450. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..448F. doi:10.1126/science.1199421. PMID 21273484. S2CID 206530683.

stanford.edu

www6.slac.stanford.edu

"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Home Page". Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

t2k-experiment.org

"Neutrinos in the Standard Model". The T2K Collaboration. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.

theatlantic.com

Wolchover, Natalie (22 December 2017). "The Best Explanation for Everything in the Universe". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2022.

web.archive.org

"Fundamentals of Physics and Nuclear Physics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
"Antimatter". 1 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
Mann, Adam (28 March 2013). "Newly Discovered Particle Appears to Be Long-Awaited Higgs Boson". Wired Science. Archived from the original on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
Braibant, S.; Giacomelli, G.; Spurio, M. (2009). Particles and Fundamental Interactions: An Introduction to Particle Physics. Springer. pp. 313–314. ISBN 978-94-007-2463-1. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
"Neutrinos in the Standard Model". The T2K Collaboration. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
Povh, B.; Rith, K.; Scholz, C.; Zetsche, F.; Lavelle, M. (2004). "Part I: Analysis: The building blocks of matter". Particles and Nuclei: An Introduction to the Physical Concepts (4th ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-20168-7. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022. Ordinary matter is composed entirely of first-generation particles, namely the u and d quarks, plus the electron and its neutrino.
Nave, R. "The Color Force". HyperPhysics. Georgia State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
Watkins, Peter (1986). Story of the W and Z. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780521318754. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
Nave, C. R. "The Color Force". HyperPhysics. Georgia State University, Department of Physics. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
Bernardi, G.; Carena, M.; Junk, T. (2007). "Higgs bosons: Theory and searches" (PDF). Review: Hypothetical particles and Concepts. Particle Data Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
"Antimatter". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 23 August 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
Sokal, A. (22 July 1996). "Don't Pull the String Yet on Superstring Theory". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
Harrison, M.; Ludlam, T.; Ozaki, S. (March 2003). "RHIC project overview". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 499 (2–3): 235–244. Bibcode:2003NIMPA.499..235H. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01937-X. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
"index". Vepp2k.inp.nsk.su. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
"The VEPP-4 accelerating-storage complex". V4.inp.nsk.su. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
"VEPP-2M collider complex" (in Russian). Inp.nsk.su. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
"The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics". English Russia. 21 January 2012. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
"Welcome to". Info.cern.ch. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
"Germany's largest accelerator centre". Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
"Fermilab | Home". Fnal.gov. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
"IHEP | Home". ihep.ac.cn. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
"Kek | High Energy Accelerator Research Organization". Legacy.kek.jp. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Home Page". Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
Wolchover, Natalie (22 December 2017). "The Best Explanation for Everything in the Universe". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
"Fermilab | Science at Fermilab | Benefits to Society". Fnal.gov. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

wired.com

Mann, Adam (28 March 2013). "Newly Discovered Particle Appears to Be Long-Awaited Higgs Boson". Wired Science. Archived from the original on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Baker, Joanne (2013). 50 quantum physics ideas you really need to know. London. pp. 120–123. ISBN 978-1-78087-911-6. OCLC 857653602.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Courant, Ernest D. (December 2003). "Accelerators, Colliders, and Snakes". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 53 (1): 1–37. Bibcode:2003ARNPS..53....1C. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110450. ISSN 0163-8998.

zenodo.org

Harrison, M.; Ludlam, T.; Ozaki, S. (March 2003). "RHIC project overview". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 499 (2–3): 235–244. Bibcode:2003NIMPA.499..235H. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01937-X. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2019.