Paul the Apostle (English Wikipedia)

Franklin, E., 59. Luke in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, p. 939: "Luke will later omit an account of Paul's death".

bahai-library.com

"Christianity from a Bahá'í Perspective". bahai-library.com. Retrieved 26 December 2021.

bartleby.com

Butler 1866, 30 June: St. Paul, the Apostle. Butler, Alban (1866). "Saint Paul, the Apostle. June 30". The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints. Compiled from Original Monuments and Authentic Records. Vol. VI: June. Dublin: James Duffy – via bartleby.com.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Fraser, Christopher (7 December 2006). "St Paul's tomb unearthed in Rome". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2024.

bible-researcher.com

The Muratorian Fragment lines 38–39 Bible Research

bible.org

MaGee Greg. "The Origins of the Church at Rome" Bible.org; Accessed 18 March 2013

biblegateway.com

biblehub.com

"Pulpit Commentary on Acts 18". biblehub.com. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
Chrysostom's Homilies on 2 Timothy, verse 4:20

biblica.com

biblicalstudies.org.uk

Wright 1996, pp. 683–92. Wright, N. T. (1996). "Paul, Arabia, and Elijah (Galatians 1:17)" (PDF). Journal of Biblical Literature. 115 (4): 683–92. doi:10.2307/3266349. ISSN 0021-9231. JSTOR 3266349.

books.google.com

Harris 2003, p. 42: He was probably martyred in Rome about 64–65 AD Harris, Stephen L. (2003). Understanding the Bible. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-7674-2916-0. OCLC 436028175.
Harris 2003. Harris, Stephen L. (2003). Understanding the Bible. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-7674-2916-0. OCLC 436028175.
Dunn 2001, p. 577, Ch 32. Dunn, James (2001). McDonald, Lee Martin; Sanders, James A. (eds.). The Canon Debate. Baker. ISBN 978-1-4412-4163-4.
Rhoads 1996, p. 39. Rhoads, David M. (1996). The Challenge of Diversity: The Witness of Paul and the Gospels. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1-4514-0617-7.
Brown, Fitzmyer & Murphy 1990, p. 920, col.2, Ch 60:2. Brown, Raymond Edward; Fitzmyer, Joseph A.; Murphy, Roland Edmund (1990). The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. G. Chapman. ISBN 978-0-225-66640-3.
Carson & Moo 2009. Carson, D.A.; Moo, Douglas J. (2009). An Introduction to the New Testament. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-53955-1.
Aageson 2008, p. 1. Aageson, James W. (2008). Paul, the Pastoral Epistles, and the Early Church. Hendrickson. ISBN 978-1-59856-041-1.
Waardenburg 1999, p. 276. Waardenburg, Jacques (1999). Muslim Perceptions of Other Religions: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-535576-5.
Hurtado 2005, p. 160. Hurtado, Larry (2005). Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-3167-5.
Dunn 2003, p. 21. Dunn, James D. G., ed. (2003), The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-78155-8
a. Marrow, Stanley B. (1986). Paul: His Letters and His Theology : an Introduction to Paul's Epistles. Paulist Press. pp. 5, 7. ISBN 978-0809127443.
b. "Why did God change Saul's name to Paul?". Catholic Answers. Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
Cole 1989. Cole, R. Alan (1989). The Letter of Paul to the Galatians: An Introduction and Commentary. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-0478-5.
Dunn 2003, pp. 19–20. Dunn, James D. G., ed. (2003), The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-78155-8
Cross & Livingstone 2005, St Paul. Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (2005), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd Revised ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3
Ehrman 2000, pp. 262–65. Ehrman, Bart D. (2000). The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512639-6.
Koester 2000, p. 107. Koester, Helmut (2000). History and Literature of Early Christianity. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-014970-8.
Dunn 2003, pp. 21–22. Dunn, James D. G., ed. (2003), The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-78155-8
Dunn 2003, p. 22. Dunn, James D. G., ed. (2003), The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-78155-8
Dunn 2003, pp. 41–42. Dunn, James D. G., ed. (2003), The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-78155-8
Bruce 2000, p. 43. Bruce, Frederick Fyvie (2000). Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4778-2.
Lee 2006, pp. 13–26. Lee, Michelle V. (2006), Paul, the Stoics, and the Body of Christ, Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series, vol. 137, Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511584541, ISBN 978-0-51-158454-1
Bromiley 1979, p. 689. Bromiley, Geoffrey William (1979). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Vol. A–D. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-3781-3.
Barnett 2002, p. 21. Barnett, Paul (2002). Jesus and the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-2699-5.
Niswonger 1992, p. 200. Niswonger, Richard L. (1992). New Testament History. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-31201-7.
McRay 2007, p. 66. McRay, John (2007). Paul: His Life and Teaching. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1441205742.
Churchill 2010, pp. 4, 16–17, 22–23. Churchill, Timothy W.R. (2010). Divine Initiative and the Christology of the Damascus Road Encounter. Eugene: Pickwick. ISBN 978-1-60899-325-3.
Churchill 2010, pp. 250ff.. Churchill, Timothy W.R. (2010). Divine Initiative and the Christology of the Damascus Road Encounter. Eugene: Pickwick. ISBN 978-1-60899-325-3.
Hengel 1997, p. 43. Hengel, Martin (1997). Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25736-1.
Harris 2003, p. 517. Harris, Stephen L. (2003). Understanding the Bible. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-7674-2916-0. OCLC 436028175.
Barnett 2005, p. 200. Barnett, Paul (2005). The Birth of Christianity: The First Twenty Years. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-2781-4.
Barnett 2005, p. 83. Barnett, Paul (2005). The Birth of Christianity: The First Twenty Years. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-2781-4.
Spence-Jones 2015, p. 16. Spence-Jones, Henry (2015). The Pulpit Commentary. Vol. 8. Delmarva Publications. GGKEY:EER24GEUYX4.
Bruce 2000, p. 151. Bruce, Frederick Fyvie (2000). Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4778-2.
McGrath 2006. McGrath, Alister E. (2006). Christianity: An Introduction. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-4051-0901-7.
Mills 2003, pp. 1109–10. Mills, Watson E. (2003). Mercer Commentary on the New Testament. Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-86554-864-0.
Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009, p. 400. Köstenberger, Andreas J.; Kellum, Leonard Scott; Quarles, Charles L. (2009). The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament. B&H. ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3.
McRay 2007, p. 185. McRay, John (2007). Paul: His Life and Teaching. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1441205742.
Burton 2000, p. 26. Burton, Ernest de Witt (2000). A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-05029-8.
Capes, Reeves & Richards 2011, p. 203. Capes, David B.; Reeves, Rodney; Richards, E. Randolph (2011). Rediscovering Paul: An Introduction to His World, Letters and Theology. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-3941-4.
Polhill 1999, pp. 80, 164–5, 329. Polhill, John B. (1999). Paul and His Letters. Broadman & Holman. ISBN 978-0-805-41097-6.
Tajra 2010, p. 188. Tajra, Harry W. (2010) [1994]. The Martyrdom of St. Paul:Historical and Judicial Context, Traditions, and Legends. Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1-610-97006-8.
De Leonardis & Masi 1999, p. 21. De Leonardis, Serena; Masi, Stefano (1999). Art and History: Rome and the Vatican. Casa Editrice Bonechi. ISBN 978-88-476-0178-9.
Brown & Meier 1983, p. 124. Brown, Raymond Edward; Meier, John P. (1983). Antioch and Rome: New Testament Cradles of Catholic Christianity. Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-2532-6.
Cuming, H. Syer (December 1870). "Notes on a group of reliquaries". Journal of the British Archaeological Association.
Barnstone 1984, p. 447. Barnstone, Willis (1984). The Other Bible. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-250031-1.
Aune 2010, p. 9. Aune, David E. (2010). The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-1894-4.
Dunn & Rogerson 2003, p. 1274. Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William, eds. (2003). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-3711-0.
Wiley 2002, p. 21. Wiley, Tatha (2002). Original Sin: Origins, Developments, Contemporary Meanings. Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-4128-9.
Donaldson 2010, p. 53. Donaldson, Terence (2010). "Ch. 3 Introduction to the Pauline Corpus". In John Muddiman; John Barton (eds.). The Pauline Epistles. The Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-958026-2.
Donaldson 2010, p. 39. Donaldson, Terence (2010). "Ch. 3 Introduction to the Pauline Corpus". In John Muddiman; John Barton (eds.). The Pauline Epistles. The Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-958026-2.
Bitner 2015, p. 268. Bitner, Bradley J. (2015). Paul's Political Strategy in 1 Corinthians 1-4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-08848-1.
Andria 2012, p. 271. Andria, Solomon (2012). Romans. Harpercollins Christian Pub. ISBN 978-9966-003-06-5.
Dunn 2010, pp. 170–71. Dunn, J.D.G. (2010). "Ch. 8 Ephesians". In John Muddiman; John Barton (eds.). The Pauline Epistles. The Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-958026-2.
MacDonald & Harrington 2000, p. 58. MacDonald, Margaret Y.; Harrington, Daniel J. (2000). Colossians and Ephesians. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-5819-2.
Williams 1957, pp. 22, 240. Williams, Charles Stephan Conway (1957). A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles. Harper.
Mount 2022, p. 32. Mount, Christopher (2022). "Acts". In Schellenberg, Ryan S.; Wendt, Heidi (eds.). T&T Clark Handbook to the Historical Paul. T&T Clark Handbooks. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-567-69199-6. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
Shillington 2007, p. 18. Shillington, V. George (2007). An Introduction to the Study of Luke-Acts. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-03053-5.
Horrell 2006, p. 30. Horrell, David G. (2006). An Introduction to the Study of Paul (2nd ed.). A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-04083-1.
Hurtado 2005, pp. 134–52. Hurtado, Larry (2005). Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-3167-5.
Cross & Livingstone 2005, Atonement. Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (2005), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd Revised ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3
Sanders 1977. Sanders, E.P. (1977). Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion. Fortress. ISBN 978-1-4514-0740-2.
Sanders 1983. Sanders, E.P. (1983). Paul, the Law, and the Jewish People. SCM Press. ISBN 978-1-4514-0741-9.
Rowland 1985, p. 113. Rowland, Christopher (1985). Christian Origins: An Account of the Setting and Character of the Most Important Messianic Sect of Judaism. SPCK. ISBN 978-0-281-04110-7.
Kroeger & Kroeger 1998. Kroeger, Richard Clark; Kroeger, Catherine Clark (1998). I Suffer Not a Woman: Rethinking I Timothy 2:11–15 in Light of Ancient Evidence. Baker. ISBN 978-0-8010-5250-7.
Kirk 2012. Kirk, J. R. Daniel (2012). Jesus Have I Loved, but Paul?: A Narrative Approach to the Problem of Pauline Christianity. Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1-4412-3625-8.
Stagg & Stagg 1978. Stagg, Evelyn; Stagg, Frank (1978). Woman in the World of Jesus. Westminster Press. ISBN 978-0-664-24195-7.
MacDonald 2004, p. 109. MacDonald, Margaret Y. (2004). The Pauline Churches: A Socio-Historical Study of Institutionalization in the Pauline and Deutrero-Pauline Writings. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61605-8.
Achtemeier 1985, p. 882. Achtemeier, Paul J. (1985). Harper's Bible dictionary. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-069862-1 – via Society of Biblical Literature.
Keller 2010. Keller, Marie Noël (2010). Priscilla and Aquila: Paul's Coworkers in Christ Jesus. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-5284-8.
Ehrman 2000, p. 393. Ehrman, Bart D. (2000). The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512639-6.
Collins 2002, p. 4. Collins, Raymond F. (2002). 1 & 2 Timothy and Titus: A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22247-5.
Augustine 2019, pp. 354–430. Augustine (2019). Thomas Williams (ed.). Confessions. Hackett. ISBN 978-1-62466-782-4. OCLC 1057245526.
Maccoby 1998, p. 14. Maccoby, Hyam (1998). The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-0-7607-0787-6.
Wilson 2011, chapters 9, 10, 12. Wilson, Barrie (2011). How Jesus Became Christian: The Early Christians And The Transformation Of A Jewish Teacher Into The Son Of God. Orion. ISBN 978-1-78022-206-6.
Dwyer 1998, p. 27. Dwyer, John C. (1998). Church History: Twenty Centuries of Catholic Christianity. Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-3830-2.
Boyarin 1994, p. 4. Boyarin, Daniel (1994). A Radical Jew: Paul and the Politics of Identity. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21214-5.
Pagels 1992, pp. 1–12, 98. Pagels, Elaine (1992). The Gnostic Paul: Gnostic Exegesis of the Pauline Letters. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-85539-591-6.
Hindson & Caner 2008, p. 280. Hindson, Ed; Caner, Ergun (2008). The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity. Harvest House. ISBN 978-0-7369-3635-4.
De Young 2004, p. 60. De Young, James (2004). Terrorism, Islam, and Christian Hope: Reflections on 9-11 and Resurging Islam. Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1-59752-005-8.
Riddell 2001, p. 235. Riddell, Peter G. (2001). Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2473-0.
Waardenburg 1999, p. 255. Waardenburg, Jacques (1999). Muslim Perceptions of Other Religions: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-535576-5.
De Young 2004, p. 64. De Young, James (2004). Terrorism, Islam, and Christian Hope: Reflections on 9-11 and Resurging Islam. Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1-59752-005-8.
Anthony 2011, p. 68. Anthony, Sean (2011). The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Sabaʾ and the Origins of Shīʿism. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-21606-8.
Brann 2010, pp. 65–66. Brann, Ross (2010). Power in the Portrayal: Representations of Jews and Muslims in Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century Islamic Spain. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14673-7.
Pall 2013, p. 55. Pall, Zoltan (2013). Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe: Development, Fractionalization and Transnational Networks of Salafism in Lebanon. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-8964-451-0.
Hennacy 2010 Hennacy, Ammon (2010). The Book of Ammon. Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1-60899-053-5.

britannica.com

Sanders 2019: "Paul [...] only occasionally had the opportunity to revisit his churches. He tried to keep up his converts' spirit, answer their questions, and resolve their problems by letter and by sending one or more of his assistants, especially Timothy and Titus. Paul's letters reveal a remarkable human being: dedicated, compassionate, emotional, sometimes harsh and angry, clever and quick-witted, supple in argumentation, and above all possessing a soaring, passionate commitment to God, Jesus Christ, and his own mission. Fortunately, after his death one of his followers collected some of the letters, edited them very slightly, and published them. They constitute one of history's most remarkable personal contributions to religious thought and practice. Sanders, E.P. (27 December 2019). "Saint Paul, the Apostle". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
Sanders 2019. Sanders, E.P. (27 December 2019). "Saint Paul, the Apostle". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
"Saint Paul the Apostle | Biography & Facts | Britannica". britannica.com. 22 July 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

carm.org

"Christianity and Homosexuality". CARM – The Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry. 25 November 2008.

catholic.com

a. Marrow, Stanley B. (1986). Paul: His Letters and His Theology : an Introduction to Paul's Epistles. Paulist Press. pp. 5, 7. ISBN 978-0809127443.
b. "Why did God change Saul's name to Paul?". Catholic Answers. Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
"Why did God change Saul's name to Paul?". Catholic Answers. Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2014.

cbeinternational.org

Wright 2006, pp. 5–10. Wright, N.T. (2006). "The Biblical Basis for Women's Service in the Church" (PDF). Priscilla Papers. 20 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.

ccel.org

Irenaeus Against Heresies 3.3.2: the "...Church founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul; as also [by pointing out] the faith preached to men, which comes down to our time by means of the successions of the bishops. [...] The blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate"; Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Lactantius. "Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died, addressed to Donatus". ccel.org.

churchofengland.org

"The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 27 March 2021.

coptic.net

M. Mikhail. "The Coptic Orthodox Church's View on Homosexuality."

credereoggi.it

Giguzzi 2004, pp. 95–107. Giguzzi, Giancarlo (2004), "Paolo, un apostolo contro le donne?", Credere Oggi: in dialogo con San Paolo e le sue lettere, no. 124, Padova: Edizioni Messaggero, pp. 95–107, archived from the original on 31 March 2018, retrieved 21 November 2010

dburnett.com

Dunn 1982, p. n.49 quotes Stendahl 1976, p. 2 "... a doctrine of faith was hammered out by Paul for the very specific and limited purpose of defending the rights of Gentile converts to be full and genuine heirs to the promise of God to Israel" Westerholm 2015, pp. 4–15: "For Paul, the question that 'justification by faith' was intended to answer was, 'On what terms can Gentiles gain entrance to the people of God?" Bent on denying any suggestion that Gentiles must become Jews and keep the Jewish law, he answered, 'By faith—and not by works of the (Jewish) law.'" Westerholm refers to: Stendahl 1963 Westerholm quotes Sanders: "Sanders noted that 'the salvation of the Gentiles is essential to Paul's preaching; and with it falls the law; for, as Paul says simply, Gentiles cannot live by the law'.^[305] (496). On a similar note, Sanders suggested that the only Jewish 'boasting' to which Paul objected was that which exulted over the divine privileges granted to Israel and failed to acknowledge that God, in Christ, had opened the door of salvation to Gentiles." Dunn, James D. G. (1982). "The New Perspective on Paul". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Manson Memorial Lecture, 4 November 1982. 65 (2): 95–122. doi:10.7227/BJRL.65.2.6. Stendahl, Krister (1976). Paul Among Jews and Gentiles, and Other Essays. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-0-8006-1224-5. Westerholm, Stephen (2015). "The New Perspective on Paul in Review". Direction. 44 (1): 4–15. Stendahl, Krister (1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3): 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 0017-8160. S2CID 170331485.
Stendahl 1963. Stendahl, Krister (1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3): 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 0017-8160. S2CID 170331485.

directionjournal.org

Dunn 1982, p. n.49 quotes Stendahl 1976, p. 2 "... a doctrine of faith was hammered out by Paul for the very specific and limited purpose of defending the rights of Gentile converts to be full and genuine heirs to the promise of God to Israel" Westerholm 2015, pp. 4–15: "For Paul, the question that 'justification by faith' was intended to answer was, 'On what terms can Gentiles gain entrance to the people of God?" Bent on denying any suggestion that Gentiles must become Jews and keep the Jewish law, he answered, 'By faith—and not by works of the (Jewish) law.'" Westerholm refers to: Stendahl 1963 Westerholm quotes Sanders: "Sanders noted that 'the salvation of the Gentiles is essential to Paul's preaching; and with it falls the law; for, as Paul says simply, Gentiles cannot live by the law'.^[305] (496). On a similar note, Sanders suggested that the only Jewish 'boasting' to which Paul objected was that which exulted over the divine privileges granted to Israel and failed to acknowledge that God, in Christ, had opened the door of salvation to Gentiles." Dunn, James D. G. (1982). "The New Perspective on Paul". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Manson Memorial Lecture, 4 November 1982. 65 (2): 95–122. doi:10.7227/BJRL.65.2.6. Stendahl, Krister (1976). Paul Among Jews and Gentiles, and Other Essays. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-0-8006-1224-5. Westerholm, Stephen (2015). "The New Perspective on Paul in Review". Direction. 44 (1): 4–15. Stendahl, Krister (1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3): 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 0017-8160. S2CID 170331485.
Westerholm 2015, pp. 4–15. Westerholm, Stephen (2015). "The New Perspective on Paul in Review". Direction. 44 (1): 4–15.

doi.org

Dunn 1982, p. n.49 quotes Stendahl 1976, p. 2 "... a doctrine of faith was hammered out by Paul for the very specific and limited purpose of defending the rights of Gentile converts to be full and genuine heirs to the promise of God to Israel" Westerholm 2015, pp. 4–15: "For Paul, the question that 'justification by faith' was intended to answer was, 'On what terms can Gentiles gain entrance to the people of God?" Bent on denying any suggestion that Gentiles must become Jews and keep the Jewish law, he answered, 'By faith—and not by works of the (Jewish) law.'" Westerholm refers to: Stendahl 1963 Westerholm quotes Sanders: "Sanders noted that 'the salvation of the Gentiles is essential to Paul's preaching; and with it falls the law; for, as Paul says simply, Gentiles cannot live by the law'.^[305] (496). On a similar note, Sanders suggested that the only Jewish 'boasting' to which Paul objected was that which exulted over the divine privileges granted to Israel and failed to acknowledge that God, in Christ, had opened the door of salvation to Gentiles." Dunn, James D. G. (1982). "The New Perspective on Paul". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Manson Memorial Lecture, 4 November 1982. 65 (2): 95–122. doi:10.7227/BJRL.65.2.6. Stendahl, Krister (1976). Paul Among Jews and Gentiles, and Other Essays. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-0-8006-1224-5. Westerholm, Stephen (2015). "The New Perspective on Paul in Review". Direction. 44 (1): 4–15. Stendahl, Krister (1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3): 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 0017-8160. S2CID 170331485.
Lee 2006, pp. 13–26. Lee, Michelle V. (2006), Paul, the Stoics, and the Body of Christ, Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series, vol. 137, Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511584541, ISBN 978-0-51-158454-1
Wright 1996, pp. 683–92. Wright, N. T. (1996). "Paul, Arabia, and Elijah (Galatians 1:17)" (PDF). Journal of Biblical Literature. 115 (4): 683–92. doi:10.2307/3266349. ISSN 0021-9231. JSTOR 3266349.
Hengel 2002, pp. 47–66. Hengel, Martin (2002). "Paul in Arabia" (PDF). Bulletin for Biblical Research. 12 (1): 47–66. doi:10.2307/26422340. JSTOR 26422340. S2CID 53622634. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
Crease 2019, pp. 309–10. Crease, Robert P. (18 March 2019). "The rise and fall of scientific authority – and how to bring it back". Nature. 567 (7748): 309–10. Bibcode:2019Natur.567..309C. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00872-w. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 81987842. Hanging in the Louvre Museum in Paris is an imposing painting, The Preaching of St Paul at Ephesus. In this 1649 work by Eustache Le Sueur, the fiery apostle lifts his right hand as if scolding the audience, while clutching a book of scripture in his left. Among the rapt or fearful listeners are people busily throwing books into a fire. Look carefully, and you see geometric images on some of the pages.
Malherbe 1986, p. 170. Malherbe, Abraham J. (1986). "A Physical Description of Paul". Harvard Theological Review. 79 (1–3): 170–175. doi:10.1017/S0017816000020435. ISSN 0017-8160. JSTOR 1509409. S2CID 162687215.
Stendahl 1963. Stendahl, Krister (1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3): 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 0017-8160. S2CID 170331485.
Dunn 1982, p. n.49. Dunn, James D. G. (1982). "The New Perspective on Paul". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Manson Memorial Lecture, 4 November 1982. 65 (2): 95–122. doi:10.7227/BJRL.65.2.6.
Dunn 1982. Dunn, James D. G. (1982). "The New Perspective on Paul". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Manson Memorial Lecture, 4 November 1982. 65 (2): 95–122. doi:10.7227/BJRL.65.2.6.
Dunn 1982, pp. 95–122. Dunn, James D. G. (1982). "The New Perspective on Paul". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Manson Memorial Lecture, 4 November 1982. 65 (2): 95–122. doi:10.7227/BJRL.65.2.6.
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