Pear (English Wikipedia)

"Home Storage Guide for Fresh Fruits & Vegetables". Canadian Produce Marketing Association. Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2026.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Quinet, Muriel; Wesel, Jean-Pierre (2019). "Botany and Taxonomy of Pear". In Korban, Schuyler S. (ed.). The Pear Genome. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–33. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11048-2_1. ISBN 978-3-030-11048-2.
Rubtsov, G. A. (July 1944). "Geographical Distribution of the Genus Pyrus and Trends and Factors in Its Evolution". The American Naturalist. 78 (777): 358–366. Bibcode:1944ANat...78..358R. doi:10.1086/281206.
Bell, Richard L.; Itai, Akihiro (2011). "Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources". In Kole, Chittaranjan (ed.). Pyrus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 147–177. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16057-8_8. ISBN 978-3-642-16057-8.
Silva, G. J.; Souza, Tatiane Medeiros; Barbieri, Rosa Lía; Costa de Oliveira, Antonio (2014). "Origin, Domestication, and Dispersing of Pear ( Pyrus spp.)" (PDF). Advances in Agriculture. 2014 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2014AdvAg201441097S. doi:10.1155/2014/541097.
Antolín, Ferran; Bleicher, Niels; Brombacher, Christoph; Kühn, Marlu; Steiner, Bigna L.; Jacomet, Stefanie (6 June 2016). "Quantitative approximation to large-seeded wild fruit use in a late Neolithic lake dwelling: New results from the case study of layer 13 of Parkhaus Opéra in Zürich (Central Switzerland)". Quaternary International. Archaeobotany of wild plant use: Approaches to the exploitation of wild plant resources in the past and its social implications. 404: 56–68. Bibcode:2016QuInt.404...56A. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.003.
Itai, A. (2007). "Fruits and Nuts". In Kole, Chittaranjan (ed.). Pear. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 157–170. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34533-6_6. ISBN 978-3-540-34533-6.
Aldasoro, J. J.; Aedo, C.; Garmendia, F. MuñOz (28 June 2008). "The genus Pyrus L. (Rosaceae) in south-west Europe and North Africa". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 121 (2): 143–158. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1996.tb00749.x.
Aydin, ZÜBEYDE; DÖNMEZ, ALİ (1 January 2015). "Taxonomic and nomenclatural contributions to Pyrus L. (Rosaceae) from Turkey". Turkish Journal of Botany. 39 (5): 841–849. Bibcode:2015TJBot..39..841U. doi:10.3906/bot-1411-34. hdl:11655/19387.
Jin, Ze-Tao; Ma, Dai-Kun; Liu, Guang-Ning; Hodel, Richard G.J.; Jiang, Yan; et al. (2024). "Advancing Pyrus phylogeny: Deep genome skimming-based inference coupled with paralogy analysis yields a robust phylogenetic backbone and an updated infrageneric classification of the pear genus (Maleae, Rosaceae)". Taxon. 73 (3): 784–799. Bibcode:2024Taxon..73..784J. doi:10.1002/tax.13163. ISSN 1996-8175.
Bell, Richard L. (2019). "Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding for Fire Blight Resistance in Pear". In Korban, Schuyler S. (ed.). The Pear Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 243–264. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11048-2_13. ISBN 978-3-030-11048-2.
Culley, Theresa M.; Hardiman, Nicole A. (1 December 2007). "The Beginning of a New Invasive Plant: A History of the Ornamental Callery Pear in the United States". BioScience. 57 (11): 956–964. Bibcode:2007BiSci..57..956C. doi:10.1641/b571108. ISSN 1525-3244.
Vincent, Michael A. (1 March 2005). "On the Spread and Current Distribution of Pyrus calleryana in the United States". Castanea. 70 (1): 20–31. doi:10.2179/0008-7475(2005)070[0020:OTSACD]2.0.CO;2.
Itai, Akihiro; Fujita, Naoko (February 2008). "Identification of Climacteric and Nonclimacteric Phenotypes of Asian Pear Cultivars by CAPS Analysis of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Genes". HortScience. 43 (1): 119–121. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.119.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Gayer, Bridget A.; Avendano, Esther E.; Edelson, Emily; Nirmala, Nanguneri; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Raman, Gowri (2019). "Effects of Intake of Apples, Pears, or Their Products on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Current Developments in Nutrition. 3 (10) nzz109. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzz109. PMC 6813372. PMID 31667463.

efloras.org (Global: 442^nd place; English: 566^th place)

"Pyrus in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 7 June 2024.

embrapa.br (Global: 6,236^th place; English: low place)

ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br

Silva, G. J.; Souza, Tatiane Medeiros; Barbieri, Rosa Lía; Costa de Oliveira, Antonio (2014). "Origin, Domestication, and Dispersing of Pear ( Pyrus spp.)" (PDF). Advances in Agriculture. 2014 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2014AdvAg201441097S. doi:10.1155/2014/541097.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

Harper, Douglas. "pear". Online Etymology Dictionary.

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

"Production of pears in 2024, Crops/Regions/World Regions/Production Quantity/Year by picklists". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division. 2026. Retrieved 6 March 2026.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

gbif.org (Global: 218^th place; English: 353^rd place)

"Pyrus communis Linnaeus, 1753". GBIF. Retrieved 7 March 2026.

gutenberg.org (Global: 629^th place; English: 427^th place)

Hedrick, U.P.; Howe, G.H.; Taylor, O.M.; Frances, E.H.; Tukey, H.B. (1921). The Pears of New York. Albany: J. B. Lyon Co.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Aydin, ZÜBEYDE; DÖNMEZ, ALİ (1 January 2015). "Taxonomic and nomenclatural contributions to Pyrus L. (Rosaceae) from Turkey". Turkish Journal of Botany. 39 (5): 841–849. Bibcode:2015TJBot..39..841U. doi:10.3906/bot-1411-34. hdl:11655/19387.

kew.org (Global: 100^th place; English: 140^th place)

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"Pyrus L." Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
"+ Pyrocrataegus Rehder | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 20 June 2026.

metmuseum.org (Global: 854^th place; English: 646^th place)

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"Woodcut". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8 June 2024. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.

missouribotanicalgarden.org (Global: 5,451^st place; English: 3,624^th place)

"Pyrus salicifolia 'Pendula' - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.

ncsu.edu (Global: 2,653^rd place; English: 1,525^th place)

buncombe.ces.ncsu.edu

Owen, Luke (27 March 2024). "Bradford Pear: An Invasive Pest". buncombe.ces.ncsu.edu. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Gayer, Bridget A.; Avendano, Esther E.; Edelson, Emily; Nirmala, Nanguneri; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Raman, Gowri (2019). "Effects of Intake of Apples, Pears, or Their Products on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Current Developments in Nutrition. 3 (10) nzz109. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzz109. PMC 6813372. PMID 31667463.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Gayer, Bridget A.; Avendano, Esther E.; Edelson, Emily; Nirmala, Nanguneri; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Raman, Gowri (2019). "Effects of Intake of Apples, Pears, or Their Products on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Current Developments in Nutrition. 3 (10) nzz109. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzz109. PMC 6813372. PMID 31667463.

oregonstate.edu (Global: 2,217^th place; English: 1,359^th place)

extension.oregonstate.edu

Scott, Judy; Sugar, David (2011). "Pears can be ripened to perfection". extension.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 30 August 2011.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

academic.oup.com

Aldasoro, J. J.; Aedo, C.; Garmendia, F. MuñOz (28 June 2008). "The genus Pyrus L. (Rosaceae) in south-west Europe and North Africa". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 121 (2): 143–158. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1996.tb00749.x.

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

ballads.bodleian.ox.ac.uk

"The twelve days of Christmas". Broadside Ballads Online. Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.

rhs.org.uk (Global: 1,321^st place; English: 666^th place)

"Pyrus cordata | Plymouth pear Trees". Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
"AGM Plants" (PDF).
"RHS Plant Selector Pyrus communis 'Beth' (D) AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
"RHS Plantfinder - Pyrus communis 'Beurré Hardy'". Retrieved 23 September 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Pyrus communis 'Beurré Superfin'". Retrieved 23 September 2018.
"RHS Plant Selector Pyrus communis 'Concorde' PBR (D) AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
"RHS Plant Selector Pyrus communis 'Conference' (D) AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
"RHS Plantfinder - Pyrus communis 'Doyenné du Comice'". Retrieved 23 September 2018.
"RHS Plant Selector Pyrus communis 'Joséphine de Malines' (D) AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
"RHS Plantfinder - Pyrus salicifolia 'Pendula'". Retrieved 23 September 2018.

rionegro.gov.ar (Global: low place; English: low place)

registrocivil.rionegro.gov.ar

"Las peras de Río Negro convierten al país en el segundo exportador a nivel mundial" [Pears from Río Negro make the country the second largest exporter worldwide]. Registro Civil (in Spanish). 31 January 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2022.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Bell, Richard L.; Itai, Akihiro (2011). "Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources". In Kole, Chittaranjan (ed.). Pyrus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 147–177. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16057-8_8. ISBN 978-3-642-16057-8.
Itai, A. (2007). "Fruits and Nuts". In Kole, Chittaranjan (ed.). Pear. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 157–170. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34533-6_6. ISBN 978-3-540-34533-6.
Bell, Richard L. (2019). "Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding for Fire Blight Resistance in Pear". In Korban, Schuyler S. (ed.). The Pear Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 243–264. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11048-2_13. ISBN 978-3-030-11048-2.

stratagemmarketinsights.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Global and Japan Pear Puree Market Analysis 2022: Industry Size, Share, Emerging Trends, Growth Opportunities And Forecast To 2028". www.stratagemmarketinsights.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.

tallahassee.com (Global: 5,559^th place; English: 2,690^th place)

Nelson, John. "Spring blooming Asian pear looks much like an apple | Mystery Plant". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved 7 June 2024.

treesandshrubsonline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pyrus L." International Dendrology Society: Trees and Shrubs Online. Retrieved 19 March 2026.

tubitak.gov.tr (Global: 9,636^th place; English: low place)

journals.tubitak.gov.tr

Aydin, ZÜBEYDE; DÖNMEZ, ALİ (1 January 2015). "Taxonomic and nomenclatural contributions to Pyrus L. (Rosaceae) from Turkey". Turkish Journal of Botany. 39 (5): 841–849. Bibcode:2015TJBot..39..841U. doi:10.3906/bot-1411-34. hdl:11655/19387.

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "pĭrus". A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 – via the Perseus Project.

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

logeion.uchicago.edu

Du Fresne, Charles. "Pyrus". Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 – via Logeion.

journals.uchicago.edu

Rubtsov, G. A. (July 1944). "Geographical Distribution of the Genus Pyrus and Trends and Factors in Its Evolution". The American Naturalist. 78 (777): 358–366. Bibcode:1944ANat...78..358R. doi:10.1086/281206.

usapears.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pear Varieties". USApears.com. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.

usapears.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pear Bureau Northwest". Usapears.org. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.

vt.edu (Global: 2,818^th place; English: 1,692^nd place)

vtechworks.lib.vt.edu

Marini, Richard P. (2009). "Growing Pears in Virginia". Virginia Cooperative Extension. Publication 422-017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "pĭrus". A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 – via the Perseus Project.
Du Fresne, Charles. "Pyrus". Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 – via Logeion.
"Evergreen Pear - SelecTree: A Tree Selection Guide". selectree.calpoly.edu. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
Pear Fruit Facts Page Information. bouquetoffruits.com
"Pyrus cordata | Plymouth pear Trees". Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
"Pear Varieties". USApears.com. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
"Pear | The Wood Database (Hardwood)". Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
"Woodcut". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8 June 2024. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
Owen, Luke (27 March 2024). "Bradford Pear: An Invasive Pest". buncombe.ces.ncsu.edu. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
"Pyrus salicifolia 'Pendula' - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
Marini, Richard P. (2009). "Growing Pears in Virginia". Virginia Cooperative Extension. Publication 422-017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024.
"Home Storage Guide for Fresh Fruits & Vegetables". Canadian Produce Marketing Association. Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2026.
"Pear Bureau Northwest". Usapears.org. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
"Global and Japan Pear Puree Market Analysis 2022: Industry Size, Share, Emerging Trends, Growth Opportunities And Forecast To 2028". www.stratagemmarketinsights.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
"The twelve days of Christmas". Broadside Ballads Online. Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Jin, Ze-Tao; Ma, Dai-Kun; Liu, Guang-Ning; Hodel, Richard G.J.; Jiang, Yan; et al. (2024). "Advancing Pyrus phylogeny: Deep genome skimming-based inference coupled with paralogy analysis yields a robust phylogenetic backbone and an updated infrageneric classification of the pear genus (Maleae, Rosaceae)". Taxon. 73 (3): 784–799. Bibcode:2024Taxon..73..784J. doi:10.1002/tax.13163. ISSN 1996-8175.

wood-database.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pear | The Wood Database (Hardwood)". Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Ibn al-'Awwam, Yaḥyá (1864). Le livre de l'agriculture d'Ibn-al-Awam (kitab-al-felahah) (in French). Translated by J.-J. Clement-Mullet. Paris: A. Franck. pp. 240–242 (ch. 7 - Article 12). OCLC 780050566. (pp. 240–242 (Article XII)
Lyle, Katie Letcher (2010) [2004]. The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: How to Find, Identify, and Cook Them (2nd ed.). Guilford, Connecticut: FalconGuides. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-59921-887-8. OCLC 560560606.
Jin, Ze-Tao; Ma, Dai-Kun; Liu, Guang-Ning; Hodel, Richard G.J.; Jiang, Yan; et al. (2024). "Advancing Pyrus phylogeny: Deep genome skimming-based inference coupled with paralogy analysis yields a robust phylogenetic backbone and an updated infrageneric classification of the pear genus (Maleae, Rosaceae)". Taxon. 73 (3): 784–799. Bibcode:2024Taxon..73..784J. doi:10.1002/tax.13163. ISSN 1996-8175.
Culley, Theresa M.; Hardiman, Nicole A. (1 December 2007). "The Beginning of a New Invasive Plant: A History of the Ornamental Callery Pear in the United States". BioScience. 57 (11): 956–964. Bibcode:2007BiSci..57..956C. doi:10.1641/b571108. ISSN 1525-3244.

wsu.edu (Global: 4,471^st place; English: 2,909^th place)

treefruit.wsu.edu

"Rootstocks for Pear". Washington State University. Retrieved 8 June 2024.

Pear (English Wikipedia)

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