Box 1930, pp. 5 Preface, 345 Vita. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Box 1930, p. 273. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Box 1930, p. 9. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Box 1930, p. 179. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Box 1930, p. 276. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Box 1930, Chaps. IX, VI and passim. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Box 1930, p. 263. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
This campaign, which continued through 1864, insinuated that Buenos Aires had designs on both Paraguay and Uruguay, who should make a warlike alliance, detach Argentine provinces and seize Martín García Island: Box 1930, pp. 155–162 Describing his sources, Box wrote that the Uruguayan diplomat Juan José de Herrera, who was involved in the secret diplomatic manoeuvres, first as an envoy to Asunción and then as Uruguay's foreign minister, kept "a veritable mine of invaluable documents" relating to these intrigues; they were published in the twentieth century by his son. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Box 1930, chapter VI. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Another example is: "It is not difficult to see in the confused history of Argentina after Caseros; in the complicated interplay of Buenos Aires and the Confederation; of Unitarian and Federal; of lofty patriotism and base intrigue, the ultimate motivation of a class struggle between the urban bourgeoisie with the unawakened proletariat at their heels and the agrarian magnates and semi-feudal caudillos of the provinces with their wild dependents, the gauchos, an agrarian class as yet unconscious of its special interests and ready to follow its lords on any adventure". Box 1930, p. 77. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Box 1930, pp. 11, 12. Box, Pelham Horton (1930). The Origins of the Paraguayan War. University of Illinois, reprinted from the University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. xv, numbers 3-4, pp. 421-765 (rep. 1967 Russell & Russell. N.Y.). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
There was, by then, no "Guaraní population" that might support a Francia government, said Ynsfrán. Most Guaraní speakers were by now criollos; indigenous peoples of all sorts including Guaraníes barely amounted to a tenth part of the population. There was no "aristocracy" to speak of; and as for "bourgeoisie", this was an urban phenomenon that did not exist in Paraguay, a rural community.Ynsfrán 1936, pp. 12–13 That the Jesuits had any influence on Paraguay as a nation was a myth believed in by foreigners. The Jesuits were confined to a small corner of the country and, on being expelled, left no lasting influence.Ynsfrán 1936, p. 10 Ynsfrán, Pablo M. (1936). Los orígenes de la guerra del Paraguay contra la triple alianza por Pelham Horton Box (in Spanish) (1 ed.). Asunción: La Colmena. Retrieved 25 October 2022. Ynsfrán, Pablo M. (1936). Los orígenes de la guerra del Paraguay contra la triple alianza por Pelham Horton Box (in Spanish) (1 ed.). Asunción: La Colmena. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
Lynch 2001, p. 135. Lynch, John (2001). "Robert Arthur Humphreys (1907-1999)". Hispanic American Historical Review. 81 (1): 135–137. doi:10.1215/00182168-81-1-135.
Nickson 1989, pp. 186–7, 189, 192. Nickson, Andrew (1989). "The Overthrow of the Stroessner Regime: Re-Establishing the Status Quo". Bulletin of Latin American Research. 8 (2): 185–209. doi:10.2307/3338752. JSTOR3338752.
He was writing about the Paraguayan national image of the war, and said "A national image is a melange of fact, fancy and fiction" that can be invoked for political purposes, though he did add that he had been "too hasty in accepting the anti-Lopez image of the war": Warren 1962, pp. 3–4. Warren, Harris Gaylord (1962). "The Paraguayan Image of the War of the Triple Alliance". The Americas. 19 (1): 3–20. doi:10.2307/979403. JSTOR979403. S2CID147037119.
Williams 1977, p. 256. Williams, John Hoyt (1977). "Foreign Tecnicos and the Modernization of Paraguay, 1840-1870". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 19 (2). Cambridge University Press: 233–257. doi:10.2307/174705. JSTOR174705.
Williams 1930, p. 354. Williams, Mary Wilhemine (1930). "Review: The Origins of the Paraguayan War, by Pelham Horton Box". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 10 (3): 353–354. JSTOR2506379.
Nickson 1989, pp. 186–7, 189, 192. Nickson, Andrew (1989). "The Overthrow of the Stroessner Regime: Re-Establishing the Status Quo". Bulletin of Latin American Research. 8 (2): 185–209. doi:10.2307/3338752. JSTOR3338752.
He was writing about the Paraguayan national image of the war, and said "A national image is a melange of fact, fancy and fiction" that can be invoked for political purposes, though he did add that he had been "too hasty in accepting the anti-Lopez image of the war": Warren 1962, pp. 3–4. Warren, Harris Gaylord (1962). "The Paraguayan Image of the War of the Triple Alliance". The Americas. 19 (1): 3–20. doi:10.2307/979403. JSTOR979403. S2CID147037119.
Williams 1977, p. 256. Williams, John Hoyt (1977). "Foreign Tecnicos and the Modernization of Paraguay, 1840-1870". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 19 (2). Cambridge University Press: 233–257. doi:10.2307/174705. JSTOR174705.
According to Leslie Bethell, the pre-war population of Brazil was 10 million; of Argentina, 1.5 million; of Paraguay, possibly 0.3 to 0.4 million: Bethell 1996, p. 66. Bethell, Leslie (1996). "The Paraguayan War (1864-1870)"(PDF). ISA Research Papers. 46. London: Institute of Latin American Studies. ISBN1-900039-08-7. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
He was writing about the Paraguayan national image of the war, and said "A national image is a melange of fact, fancy and fiction" that can be invoked for political purposes, though he did add that he had been "too hasty in accepting the anti-Lopez image of the war": Warren 1962, pp. 3–4. Warren, Harris Gaylord (1962). "The Paraguayan Image of the War of the Triple Alliance". The Americas. 19 (1): 3–20. doi:10.2307/979403. JSTOR979403. S2CID147037119.
