Penal transportation (English Wikipedia)

"August 1650: An Act for the Advancing and Regulating of the Trade of this Commonwealth". Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1911. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2021 – via Institute of Historical Research. The Parliament of England taking into their care the maintenance and advance of the Traffick Trade, and several Manufactures of this Nation; and being desirous to improve and multiply the same for the best advantage and benefit thereof, to the end that ye poore people of this Land may be set on work, and their Families preserved from Beggary and Ruine, and that the Commonwealth might be enriched thereby, and no occasion left either for Idleness or Poverty:...
"Charles II, 1670 & 1671: An Act to prevent the malitious burning of Houses, Stackes of Corne and Hay and killing or maiming of Catle". Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628–80 Archived 29 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, p. 598

digitalpanopticon.org

Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish; Watkins, Emma (n.d.). "Transportation". Digital Panopticon. Digital Panopticon Project. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.

doi.org

Donnachie, Ian (1984), "Scottish Criminals and Transportation to Australia 1786–1852", Journal Scottish Economic and Social History, 4: 21–38, doi:10.3366/sesh.1984.4.4.21
Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2019.

drnissani.net

Heinlein, Robert A. (1966). The Moon is a Harsh Mistress (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020. But most Loonies never tried to leave The Rock – too risky for any bloke who'd been in Luna more than weeks. Computermen sent up to install Mike were on short-term bonus contracts – get job done fast before irreversible physiological change marooned them four hundred thousand kilometres from home.

environment.gov.au

"Myall Creek Massacre and Memorial Site". Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013.

irishstatutebook.ie

"Short Titles Act 1896". Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

jstor.org

James Davie Butler, "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies," American Historical Review (1896) 2#1 pp. 12–33 in JSTOR; Thomas Keneally, The Commonwealth of Thieves, Random House Publishing, Sydney, 2005.
Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
Rouse, Andrew C. (Spring–Fall 2007). "The Transportation Ballad: A Song Type Rooted in Eighteenth-Century England". Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS). 13 (1/2, The Long Eighteenth Century). Centre for Arts, Humanities and Sciences (CAHS), acting on behalf of the University of Debrecen CAHS: 93–103. JSTOR 41274385.

legislation.gov.uk

"Penal Servitude Act 1857" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2017.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Mawdsley, Evan (1998). The Stalin Years: The Soviet Union, 1929–1953. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0719046001. LCCN 2003046365.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk

"Penitentiary Act, 1779". Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

"Criminal transportation". The National Archives. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2019. Before 1776, all convicts sentenced to transportation were sent to North America and the West Indies

nationalarchives.ie

"Topics: Transportation of Irish convicts to Australia (1791-1853) : Introduction".

nla.gov.au

"Australian Discovery and Colonisation". The Empire. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 14 April 1865. p. 8. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"Convict Assignment – National Library of Australia". National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

nma.gov.au

"Myall Creek massacre". National Museum of Australia. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.

nsw.gov.au

records.nsw.gov.au

"Sentenced beyond the Seas: Australia's early convict records". 15 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.

oed.com

Oxford English Dictionary online, "Hulk" n. 2, sense 3b http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/89220?rskey=416nHV&result=3&isAdvanced=false#eid Archived 26 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2017/06/26

oldbaileyonline.org

Punishments at the Old Bailey, Old Bailey Proceedings Online, archived from the original on 12 December 2018, retrieved 20 April 2008
R v Powell, Sixth session Proceedings of the Old Bailey 10 July 1805 t18050710-23, p. 401 (Old Bailey 10 July 1805).

osw.waw.pl

"Russia behind bars: the peculiarities of the Russian prison system". OSW Centre for Eastern Studies. 7 February 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

penandclink.com

Transportation and Penal Servitude Archived 7 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Mountjoy Prison Museum

theconversation.com

"Stain or badge of honour? Convict heritage inspires mixed feelings". The Conversation. 8 June 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

theguardian.com

Scott-Clark, Cathy; Levy, Adrian (22 June 2001). "Survivors of our hell". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2019.

tor.com

Brown, Alan (31 January 2019). "Is The Moon is a Harsh Mistress Heinlein's All-Time Greatest Work?". Tor.com. Macmillan. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.

web.archive.org

Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish; Watkins, Emma (n.d.). "Transportation". Digital Panopticon. Digital Panopticon Project. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
"August 1650: An Act for the Advancing and Regulating of the Trade of this Commonwealth". Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1911. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2021 – via Institute of Historical Research. The Parliament of England taking into their care the maintenance and advance of the Traffick Trade, and several Manufactures of this Nation; and being desirous to improve and multiply the same for the best advantage and benefit thereof, to the end that ye poore people of this Land may be set on work, and their Families preserved from Beggary and Ruine, and that the Commonwealth might be enriched thereby, and no occasion left either for Idleness or Poverty:...
"Charles II, 1670 & 1671: An Act to prevent the malitious burning of Houses, Stackes of Corne and Hay and killing or maiming of Catle". Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
Pickering, Danby (1775). "An act to authorise, for a limited time, the punishment by hard labour of offenders who, for certain crimes, are or shall become liable to be transported to any of his Majesty's colonies and plantations". Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628–80 Archived 29 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, p. 598
Drew D. Gray, Crime, Policing and Punishment in England, 1660–1914 Archived 21 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine p. 298 (2016)
"Penitentiary Act, 1779". Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"An act for the effectual transportation of felons and other offenders; and to authorize the removal of prisoners in certain cases; and for other purposes therein mentioned". 1782. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
"Sentenced beyond the Seas: Australia's early convict records". 15 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
"Australian Discovery and Colonisation". The Empire. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 14 April 1865. p. 8. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
Punishments at the Old Bailey, Old Bailey Proceedings Online, archived from the original on 12 December 2018, retrieved 20 April 2008
"An act for enabling his Majesty to authorize his governor or lieutenant governor of such places beyond the seas, to which felons and others offenders may be transported, to remit the sentences of such offenders". 1790. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
"Short Titles Act 1896". Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"Penal Servitude Act 1857" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
Convicts and the British colonies in Australia Archived 1 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Transportation and Penal Servitude Archived 7 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Mountjoy Prison Museum
"Criminal transportation". The National Archives. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2019. Before 1776, all convicts sentenced to transportation were sent to North America and the West Indies
Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
Oxford English Dictionary online, "Hulk" n. 2, sense 3b http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/89220?rskey=416nHV&result=3&isAdvanced=false#eid Archived 26 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2017/06/26
Christopher, Emma (2010). A Merciless Place: The Lost Story of Britain's Convict Disaster in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 2011). p. 5. ISBN 978-0191623523. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2018. With the American War of Independence all but lost and hope of restarting the transportation of convicts to the Americas dwindling fast, Britain had begun sneakily banishing its criminals to West Africa
"Myall Creek massacre". National Museum of Australia. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
"Myall Creek Massacre and Memorial Site". Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013.
"Convict Assignment – National Library of Australia". National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
"Stain or badge of honour? Convict heritage inspires mixed feelings". The Conversation. 8 June 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
"Department of Foreign Affairs – Emigrant Grants". 28 July 2013. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"History of Andaman Cellular Jail". This is about Andaman Cellular Jail. Archived from the original on 18 January 2007.
"Hundred years of the Andamans Cellular Jail". The Hindu. 21 December 2005. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
Scott-Clark, Cathy; Levy, Adrian (22 June 2001). "Survivors of our hell". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
Rokotnitz, Naomi (2011). Trusting Performance: A Cognitive Approach to Embodiment in Drama. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-349-59433-7. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
Meyers, Jeffrey (2005). Somerset Maugham: A Life. Vintage Books. p. 218. ISBN 1-4000-3052-8. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
Brown, Alan (31 January 2019). "Is The Moon is a Harsh Mistress Heinlein's All-Time Greatest Work?". Tor.com. Macmillan. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
Heinlein, Robert A. (1966). The Moon is a Harsh Mistress (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020. But most Loonies never tried to leave The Rock – too risky for any bloke who'd been in Luna more than weeks. Computermen sent up to install Mike were on short-term bonus contracts – get job done fast before irreversible physiological change marooned them four hundred thousand kilometres from home.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

s:Page:History of New South Wales from the records, Volume 1.djvu/575

zenodo.org

Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2019.