Welsh et al. 1987, p.579. Neese, Elizabeth C. (1987). "Penstemon". In Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C. (eds.). A Utah Flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, No. 9 (Firsted.). Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University. JSTOR23377658. OCLC9986953694. Retrieved 2025-02-18.
Welsh et al. 1987, p.579. Neese, Elizabeth C. (1987). "Penstemon". In Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C. (eds.). A Utah Flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, No. 9 (Firsted.). Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University. JSTOR23377658. OCLC9986953694. Retrieved 2025-02-18.
Welsh et al. 1987, p.579. Neese, Elizabeth C. (1987). "Penstemon". In Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C. (eds.). A Utah Flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, No. 9 (Firsted.). Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University. JSTOR23377658. OCLC9986953694. Retrieved 2025-02-18.