People's Armed Police (English Wikipedia)

"Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force". Chinese Defence Universities Tracker. 7 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.

bjnews.com.cn

Ni, Wei (2018-04-06). "武警改革的出与进：八大警种瘦身健体" [The Coming and Going of the PAP Reform: Eight Corps Slimming Down]. The Beijing News. Archived from the original on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2018-06-19.

books.google.com

Army, United States Department of the (1960). Handbook on the Chinese Communist Army. Washington: The Department. pp. 43–44. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
Chatterji, Manas (2013). Cooperation for a peaceful and sustainable world. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. p. 70. ISBN 9781781906569. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
Blasko, Dennis J. (2012). Chinese Army today : tradition and transformation for the 21st century (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 9780415783217. Retrieved 9 October 2019.

bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com

"People's Armed Police (PAP) Special Operations Forces". Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute. 13 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.

carnegie.ru

Umarov, Temur (30 March 2020). "China Looms Large in Central Asia". Carnegie Moscow Center. Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.

china.org.cn

Information Office of the State Council (2006). "V. People's Armed Police Force". China's National Defense In 2006. Beijing. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

chinadaily.com.cn

"Top legislature passes armed police law". China Daily. 2009-08-27. Archived from the original on 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
Zhao, Lei (28 December 2017). "Command of Armed Police Force to be unified - Chinadaily.com.cn". China Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.

chinamil.com.cn

eng.chinamil.com.cn

Li, Jiayao (6 November 2019). "Chinese armed police force launches intelligent unmanned system challenge - China Military". eng.chinamil.com.cn. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

defense.gov

media.defense.gov

Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2023 (PDF). U.S. Department of Defense. 2022. p. 84. Retrieved 7 April 2024.^: 84

doi.org

Sun, Ivan Y.; Wu, Yuning (December 2009). "The Role of the People's Armed Police in Chinese Policing". Asian Journal of Criminology. 4 (2): 107–128. doi:10.1007/s11417-008-9059-y. ISSN 1871-0131. S2CID 143891785.

ecns.cn

Zi, Yang (22 March 2018). "Party plan for reform unveiled - China Daily". ECNS.cn. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.

hindustantimes.com

Sutirtho Patranobis (21 August 2019). "China now has commandos on horseback to tackle terror in Xinjiang". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.

iiss.org

Boyd, Henry; Nouwens, Meia (21 June 2019). "China's People's Armed Police: reorganized and refocused". www.iiss.org. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
Boyd, Henry (21 June 2019). "China's People's Armed Police: reorganised and refocused". International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

jamestown.org

Allen, Kenneth (30 January 2017). "China Announces Reform of Military Ranks". Jamestown. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
Zi, Yang (24 March 2016). "The Chinese People's Armed Police in a Time of Armed Forces Restructuring". China Brief. 16 (6). The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

lecamps.org.cn

"International Law Enforcement Training Programme, MPS". www.lecamps.org.cn. 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.

maritime-executive.com

"China's Coast Guard is Now a Military Police Unit". The Maritime Executive. 2018-03-21. Archived from the original on 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-10-04.

mod.gov.cn

"武警部队徽将于8月1日启用". People's Liberation Army Daily Press. Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China. 2021-07-29. Archived from the original on 2021-07-29. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
"国防部新闻发言人吴谦就武警部队旗寓意答问". Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China. 2018-01-10. Archived from the original on 2020-10-04. Retrieved 2018-01-10.

eng.mod.gov.cn

"Military Services – Ministry of National Defense". eng.mod.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-04-20.
"Armed Police Force". Ministry of National Defense. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.

nationalinterest.org

Mizokami, Kyle (16 January 2020). "The Amazing Way China Has Modernized Its Military—and Its Guns". The National Interest. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.

nbr.org

Rolland, Nadège (edited by); van der Kley, Dirk; Rolland, Nadège; Duchâtel, Mathieu; Chase, Michael S.; Gunness, Kristen; Xue, Guifang (Julia); Pantucci, Raffaello; Arduino, Alessandro (September 2019). securing the belt and road initiativeChina's Evolving Military Engagement Along the Silk Roads (PDF). The National Bureau of Asian Research. pp. 13, 14–15, 65, 84–87. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)

ndu.edu

inss.ndu.edu

Wuthnow, Joel (16 April 2019). China's Other Army: The People's Armed Police in an Era of Reform (PDF). Washington: Institute for National Strategic Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2019.

npcobserver.com

"People's Armed Police Law". NPC Observer. 17 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
Wei, Changhao (22 June 2018). "NPCSC Defers Vote on E-Commerce Law, Grants Law Enforcement Powers to Military-Controlled Coast Guard". NPC Observer. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

nytimes.com

Eckholm, Erik (28 March 1999). "A Secretive Army Grows to Maintain Order in China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
Wines, Michael (2009-08-27). "China Approves Law Governing Armed Police Force". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2019-09-07. Retrieved 2019-10-04.

people.com.cn

dangshi.people.com.cn

Xia, Mingxing; Zhang, Ning; Zhu, Xiongnan (16 August 2017). "毛泽东关心武警部队早期建设纪事" [Mao Zedong cares about the early construction of the armed police force]. People's Daily Online. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2019.

pladaily.com.cn

english.pladaily.com.cn

Huang, Panyue (21 August 2019). "New counter-terror force in Xinjiang - China Military". PLA Daily. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.

qq.com

new.qq.com

China Military Web. "解放军军旗、军徽和武警部队旗、徽简史". People's Liberation Army Daily Press. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-07-31 – via QQ.com.

rand.org

Heath, Timothy R. (2018). China's Pursuit of Overseas Security (PDF). Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation. p. 26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

sadefensejournal.com

Issue; V6N2; Volume 6. "The Chinese CQA – Small Arms Defense Journal". Retrieved 2023-03-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

scmp.com

Zhou, Viola (28 December 2017). "Why China's armed police will only take orders from Xi's army elite". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
Liu Zhen (15 December 2019). "China's armed police sees leadership overhaul under reform process". South China Morning Post. Beijing. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Sun, Ivan Y.; Wu, Yuning (December 2009). "The Role of the People's Armed Police in Chinese Policing". Asian Journal of Criminology. 4 (2): 107–128. doi:10.1007/s11417-008-9059-y. ISSN 1871-0131. S2CID 143891785.

uhrp.org

Carrdus, Ben (13 December 2023). "Policing East Turkistan" (PDF). uhrp.org. Washington, DC: Uyghur Human Rights Projects. p. 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.

web.archive.org

"武警部队徽将于8月1日启用". People's Liberation Army Daily Press. Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China. 2021-07-29. Archived from the original on 2021-07-29. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
China Military Web. "解放军军旗、军徽和武警部队旗、徽简史". People's Liberation Army Daily Press. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-07-31 – via QQ.com.
"Top legislature passes armed police law". China Daily. 2009-08-27. Archived from the original on 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
Xia, Mingxing; Zhang, Ning; Zhu, Xiongnan (16 August 2017). "毛泽东关心武警部队早期建设纪事" [Mao Zedong cares about the early construction of the armed police force]. People's Daily Online. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
张, 海华 (29 December 2017). "武警部队历史沿革 - 中国军网". 中国军网. Archived from the original on 2017-12-29. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
Eckholm, Erik (28 March 1999). "A Secretive Army Grows to Maintain Order in China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
"China's Coast Guard is Now a Military Police Unit". The Maritime Executive. 2018-03-21. Archived from the original on 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
Zhao, Lei (28 December 2017). "Command of Armed Police Force to be unified - Chinadaily.com.cn". China Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
Zhou, Viola (28 December 2017). "Why China's armed police will only take orders from Xi's army elite". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
"国防部新闻发言人吴谦就武警部队旗寓意答问". Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China. 2018-01-10. Archived from the original on 2020-10-04. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Zi, Yang (22 March 2018). "Party plan for reform unveiled - China Daily". ECNS.cn. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Ni, Wei (2018-04-06). "武警改革的出与进：八大警种瘦身健体" [The Coming and Going of the PAP Reform: Eight Corps Slimming Down]. The Beijing News. Archived from the original on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
Wuthnow, Joel (16 April 2019). China's Other Army: The People's Armed Police in an Era of Reform (PDF). Washington: Institute for National Strategic Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
Information Office of the State Council (2006). "V. People's Armed Police Force". China's National Defense In 2006. Beijing. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Wines, Michael (2009-08-27). "China Approves Law Governing Armed Police Force". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2019-09-07. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
"Armed Police Force". Ministry of National Defense. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Chatterji, Manas (2013). Cooperation for a peaceful and sustainable world. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. p. 70. ISBN 9781781906569. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
Rolland, Nadège (edited by); van der Kley, Dirk; Rolland, Nadège; Duchâtel, Mathieu; Chase, Michael S.; Gunness, Kristen; Xue, Guifang (Julia); Pantucci, Raffaello; Arduino, Alessandro (September 2019). securing the belt and road initiativeChina's Evolving Military Engagement Along the Silk Roads (PDF). The National Bureau of Asian Research. pp. 13, 14–15, 65, 84–87. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
Heath, Timothy R. (2018). China's Pursuit of Overseas Security (PDF). Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation. p. 26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
Umarov, Temur (30 March 2020). "China Looms Large in Central Asia". Carnegie Moscow Center. Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
"White paper gives overview of reshuffled armed forces - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Xinhua. 24 July 2019. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
Liu Zhen (15 December 2019). "China's armed police sees leadership overhaul under reform process". South China Morning Post. Beijing. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
Allen, Kenneth (30 January 2017). "China Announces Reform of Military Ranks". Jamestown. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
Zi, Yang (24 March 2016). "The Chinese People's Armed Police in a Time of Armed Forces Restructuring". China Brief. 16 (6). The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
"International Law Enforcement Training Programme, MPS". www.lecamps.org.cn. 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
"Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force". Chinese Defence Universities Tracker. 7 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
Boyd, Henry; Nouwens, Meia (21 June 2019). "China's People's Armed Police: reorganized and refocused". www.iiss.org. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
"People's Armed Police (PAP) Special Operations Forces". Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute. 13 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
Carrdus, Ben (13 December 2023). "Policing East Turkistan" (PDF). uhrp.org. Washington, DC: Uyghur Human Rights Projects. p. 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
Wei, Changhao (22 June 2018). "NPCSC Defers Vote on E-Commerce Law, Grants Law Enforcement Powers to Military-Controlled Coast Guard". NPC Observer. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
Sutirtho Patranobis (21 August 2019). "China now has commandos on horseback to tackle terror in Xinjiang". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
Huang, Panyue (21 August 2019). "New counter-terror force in Xinjiang - China Military". PLA Daily. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
Mizokami, Kyle (16 January 2020). "The Amazing Way China Has Modernized Its Military—and Its Guns". The National Interest. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
Boyd, Henry (21 June 2019). "China's People's Armed Police: reorganised and refocused". International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
Li, Jiayao (6 November 2019). "Chinese armed police force launches intelligent unmanned system challenge - China Military". eng.chinamil.com.cn. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

wikipedia.org

zh.wikipedia.org

The Badge of the Chinese PAP Force (中国人民武装警察部队徽) was determined by the Central Military Commission and officially put into use on August 1, 2021, in accordance with the 2020 revision of the National Defense Law's Article 28.^[1] Traditionally subject to the Public Security system, the PAP used the Police Badge of the Chinese People's Police [zh] (1983) as its symbol and cap insignia. But from 2007, the PAP cap insignia is slightly different from the civil People's Police badge by using olive green instead of police blue on the shield and adding the olive branches alongside the pine branches around the shield.^[2]

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Sun, Ivan Y.; Wu, Yuning (December 2009). "The Role of the People's Armed Police in Chinese Policing". Asian Journal of Criminology. 4 (2): 107–128. doi:10.1007/s11417-008-9059-y. ISSN 1871-0131. S2CID 143891785.
Blasko, Dennis J. (2006). The Chinese Army today : tradition and transformation for the 21st century (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0415770025. OCLC 68694731.
Shambaugh, David L. (2002). Modernizing China's military : progress, problems, and prospects. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 170. ISBN 0520225074. OCLC 49225216.
Chu, Fang. (1998). Gun barrel politics : party--army relations in Mao's China. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp. 40–41. ISBN 081333456X. OCLC 38286530.
Guo, Xuezhi (2012). China's security state : philosophy, evolution, and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Aug. ISBN 9781107688841. OCLC 874118926.
Eckholm, Erik (28 March 1999). "A Secretive Army Grows to Maintain Order in China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
Wines, Michael (2009-08-27). "China Approves Law Governing Armed Police Force". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2019-09-07. Retrieved 2019-10-04.

xinhuanet.com

"White paper gives overview of reshuffled armed forces - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Xinhua. 24 July 2019. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.