People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (English Wikipedia)

Multiple sources:
- Waterfield, Bruno (16 December 2021). "Mark Rutte heading for fourth term as Dutch prime minister". The Times. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2023.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

"Dutch election: PM Mark Rutte claims victory and fourth term". BBC News. 18 March 2021. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2022.

beneluxparl.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Politieke fracties". Benelux Parliament (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 August 2023.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Multiple sources:
- T. Banchoff (1999). Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor & Francis. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-415-18188-4. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
- Multiple sources:
  - Sarah DeLange; Tom Louwerse; Paul ‘Thart; Carolien Van Ham, eds. (2024). The Oxford Handbook off Dutch Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-19-887551-2.
  - Multiple sources:
    - Arco Timmermans; Edwin van Rooyen; Gerrit Voerman (2014). "Policy analysis and political party think tanks". In Frans van Nispen; Peter Scholten (eds.). Policy analysis in the Netherlands. Policy Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-4473-1333-5. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
    - Kenneth Benoit; Michael Laver (2006). Party Policy in Modern Democracies. Routledge. p. 112. ISBN 1-134-20618-6. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2021.

decorrespondent.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Deze politicoloog ziet: de kiezer is klaar met allemansvrienden - De Correspondent". Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2025.

dnpp.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

vvd-digitaal.dnpp.nl

Documentatiecentrum Nederlandse politieke partijen. "Geschiedenis 1948" (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 October 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Cox, Robert H. (1993). The Development of the Dutch Welfare State: From Workers' Insurance to Universal Entitlement. University of Pittsburgh Press. doi:10.2307/jj.3385968. ISBN 978-0-8229-3760-9.
De Jong, Wim (2 November 2022). "Decolonizing citizenship: democracy, citizenship and education in the Netherlands, 1960–2020". European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire. 29 (6): 1002–1023. doi:10.1080/13507486.2022.2131507. ISSN 1350-7486.

elsevier.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Verdonk wil onderzoek naar leiderschap VVD" (in Dutch). Elsevier. 28 November 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
"Verdonk haalt bakzeil over leiderschap VVD" (in Dutch). Elsevier. 29 November 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.

euobserver.com (Global: 4,336^th place; English: 3,558^th place)

"Dutch government unravels over Brussels budget rules". EUobserver. 22 April 2012. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

memberspage.cor.europa.eu

"CoR Members Page". European Committee of the Regions. Retrieved 1 September 2025.

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 7,588^th place)

"Rutte pleased with committee report". Expatica. 13 June 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Cox, Robert H. (1993). The Development of the Dutch Welfare State: From Workers' Insurance to Universal Entitlement. University of Pittsburgh Press. doi:10.2307/jj.3385968. ISBN 978-0-8229-3760-9.

kiesraad.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kiesraad.nl - Uitslag van de Tweede Kamerverkiezing van 22 november 2006". Archived from the original on 8 December 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2006.
"Kerngegevens Tweede Kamerverkiezing 2017". Kiesraad. 21 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.

nos.nl (Global: 567^th place; English: 1,357^th place)

"Rutte: "Het karwei begint nu pas"". NOS Nieuws. 4 November 2006. Archived from the original on 29 May 2007.
"Rutte stopt als partijleider VVD en kondigt vertrek aan uit politiek". nos.nl (in Dutch). 10 July 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
"Dilan Yesilgöz officieel lijsttrekker voor de VVD, geen tegenkandidaten". nos.nl (in Dutch). 14 August 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.

npokennis.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Wat is de VVD?".

nrc.nl (Global: 1,076^th place; English: 2,548^th place)

"Mark Rutte nieuwe lijsttrekker VVD". NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). 31 May 2006.
De Koning, Petra; Valk, Guus (25 May 2024). "Weinig blijdschap, veel bange stilte in de VVD" [Not much joy, lots of anxious silence within the VVD]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 May 2024.
Verkerk, Jorit (26 August 2024). "VVD bepleit 'slimmere' arbeidsmigratie in visiestuk, dreigt met fiscale ingrepen" [VVD argues for 'smarter' labor migration in white paper, threatens with changes in taxation]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 31 August 2024.

nu.nl (Global: 862^nd place; English: 2,526^th place)

"Verdonk zegt lidmaatschap VVD op". Nu.nl. 15 October 2007. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007.

parlement.com (Global: 5,809^th place; English: 5,688^th place)

"Kabinetsformatie 1956".
"Eerste Kamerfractie Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 October 2024.
"Tweede Kamerfractie Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 October 2024.

peil.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nieuw Haags Peil van 21 oktober 2007". Peil.nl. 26 October 2007. Archived from the original on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2007.

politico.eu (Global: 1,347^th place; English: 909^th place)

- "Mark Rutte: The Netherlands' Mr. Normal". 16 March 2021. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
politiekebarometer.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Politieke Barometer week 42–19 oktober 2007". Interview-NSS. 19 October 2007. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007.
- "Politieke Barometer week 43–26 oktober 2007". Interview-NSS. 26 October 2007. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007.
radionetherlands.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Ex-minister Verdonk expelled from parliamentary party". Radio Netherlands. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 11 March 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
reneweurope-cor.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Coordinators". Renew Europe CoR. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- "Bureau". Renew Europe CoR. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
rug.nl (Global: 2,779^th place; English: 1,997^th place)
rug.nl
- "Ledentallen Nederlandse politieke partijen per 1 januari 2025" [Membership of Dutch political parties as of 1 January 2025]. University of Groningen (in Dutch). Documentation Centre Dutch Political Parties. 10 March 2025. Retrieved 7 April 2025.
dnpprepo.ub.rug.nl
- "Om de vrijheid. Liberaal Manifest" (PDF) (in Dutch). September 2005.
theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)
- Boztas, Senay (23 September 2023). "The former refugee who wants to cut immigration, and become the first female Dutch PM". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
thetimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Multiple sources:
  - Waterfield, Bruno (16 December 2021). "Mark Rutte heading for fourth term as Dutch prime minister". The Times. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
trouw.nl (Global: 1,527^th place; English: 3,543^rd place)
- "Wiegel leest Rutte en Verdonk de les". trouw.nl. Retrieved 15 November 2006.
vvd.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "VVD's Official page - Liberale Beginselen". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- "VVD Standpunten". VVD. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)
- - "Mark Rutte: The Netherlands' Mr. Normal". 16 March 2021. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  - Multiple sources:
    T. Banchoff (1999). Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor & Francis. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-415-18188-4. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
    "Deze politicoloog ziet: de kiezer is klaar met allemansvrienden - De Correspondent". Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2025.
    "Rutte: "Het karwei begint nu pas"". NOS Nieuws. 4 November 2006. Archived from the original on 29 May 2007.
    "Kiesraad.nl - Uitslag van de Tweede Kamerverkiezing van 22 november 2006". Archived from the original on 8 December 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2006.
    "Verdonk wil onderzoek naar leiderschap VVD" (in Dutch). Elsevier. 28 November 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
    "Verdonk haalt bakzeil over leiderschap VVD" (in Dutch). Elsevier. 29 November 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
    "Rutte pleased with committee report". Expatica. 13 June 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
    "Ex-minister Verdonk expelled from parliamentary party". Radio Netherlands. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 11 March 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
    "Verdonk zegt lidmaatschap VVD op". Nu.nl. 15 October 2007. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007.
    "Politieke Barometer week 42–19 oktober 2007". Interview-NSS. 19 October 2007. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007.
    "Politieke Barometer week 43–26 oktober 2007". Interview-NSS. 26 October 2007. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007.
    "Nieuw Haags Peil van 21 oktober 2007". Peil.nl. 26 October 2007. Archived from the original on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2007.
    "Dutch government unravels over Brussels budget rules". EUobserver. 22 April 2012. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
    "Kerngegevens Tweede Kamerverkiezing 2017". Kiesraad. 21 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
    "Dutch election: PM Mark Rutte claims victory and fourth term". BBC News. 18 March 2021. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
    Multiple sources:
    Arco Timmermans; Edwin van Rooyen; Gerrit Voerman (2014). "Policy analysis and political party think tanks". In Frans van Nispen; Peter Scholten (eds.). Policy analysis in the Netherlands. Policy Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-4473-1333-5. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
    Kenneth Benoit; Michael Laver (2006). Party Policy in Modern Democracies. Routledge. p. 112. ISBN 1-134-20618-6. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
    "VVD's Official page - Liberale Beginselen". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
    "VVD Standpunten". VVD. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)
  search.worldcat.org
  - Boztas, Senay (23 September 2023). "The former refugee who wants to cut immigration, and become the first female Dutch PM". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  - De Jong, Wim (2 November 2022). "Decolonizing citizenship: democracy, citizenship and education in the Netherlands, 1960–2020". European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire. 29 (6): 1002–1023. doi:10.1080/13507486.2022.2131507. ISSN 1350-7486.

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (English Wikipedia)

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vvd-digitaal.dnpp.nl

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elsevier.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

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kiesraad.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

nos.nl (Global: 567th place; English: 1,357th place)

npokennis.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

nrc.nl (Global: 1,076th place; English: 2,548th place)

nu.nl (Global: 862nd place; English: 2,526th place)

parlement.com (Global: 5,809th place; English: 5,688th place)

peil.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

politico.eu (Global: 1,347th place; English: 909th place)

politiekebarometer.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

radionetherlands.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

reneweurope-cor.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

rug.nl (Global: 2,779th place; English: 1,997th place)

rug.nl

dnpprepo.ub.rug.nl

theguardian.com (Global: 12th place; English: 11th place)

thetimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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vvd.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

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doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

euobserver.com (Global: 4,336^th place; English: 3,558^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 7,588^th place)

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nos.nl (Global: 567^th place; English: 1,357^th place)

nrc.nl (Global: 1,076^th place; English: 2,548^th place)

nu.nl (Global: 862^nd place; English: 2,526^th place)

parlement.com (Global: 5,809^th place; English: 5,688^th place)

politico.eu (Global: 1,347^th place; English: 909^th place)

rug.nl (Global: 2,779^th place; English: 1,997^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

trouw.nl (Global: 1,527^th place; English: 3,543^rd place)

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