Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Periapical periodontitis" in English language version.
Further management is indicated when a periapical radiolucency remains unchanged after one year of root canal treatment, when it has increased in size, or if it appears in an endodontic-treated tooth without a prior apical disease.
It may occur due to the advancement of dental caries, trauma, or operative dental procedures. The infected pulp is the main cause of apical periodontitis.
A periapical radiolucency often persists when the root canal treatment cannot control the infection because some clinical steps were not adequately followed, such as insufficient aseptic control, poor instrumentation, inadequate access cavity design, unreached canals, and restoration leakage.
Apical radiopacities are likely not associated with endodontic infection directly but are commonly found on routine radiographic evaluation. Radiopacities are generally benign.
non-surgical endodontic retreatment or periradicular surgery are treatment alternatives to save the tooth.
Antibiotic use is generally contraindicated, except in cases with rapid onset or systemic involvement.
